Ребекка Хендерсон - Капитализм в огне. Как сделать эффективную экономическую систему человечной

Peabody Energy, 2018 Annual Report, www.peabodyenergy.com/Peabody/media/MediaLibrary/Investor%20Info/Annual%20Reports/2018-Peabody-Annual-Report-02.pdf?ext=.pdf.

«The Carbon Footprint of a Cheeseburger», SixDegrees, Sept. 26, 2017, www.sixdegreesnews.org/archrves/10261/the-carbon-footprrnt-of-a-cheeseburger; «GLEAM 2.0—Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Potential», Results / Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM) / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO, www.fao.org/gleam/results/en/.

CEMEX Carbon Disclosure Project Annual Report, 2018.

46 миллионов тонн выделенного CO2 × 80 USD за тонну × 1,1 тонны на тонну.

CEMEX Annual Report, 2018, www.cemex.com/investors/reports/hom#navigate.

Climate Change, Marks and Spencer, https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/sustainability/business-wide/climate-change.

Key Facts, Marks and Spencer, https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/key-facts.

Hans Rosling et al., Factfulness.

Alvaredo et al., World Inequality Report 2018.

Raj Chetty, «Improving Opportunities for Economic Mobility: New Evidence and Policy Lessons», Bridges (Fall 2016).

Raj Chetty et al., Mobility Report Cards: The Role of Colleges in Intergenerational Mobility, NBER Working Paper no. w23618 (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017).

«Disparities in Life Expectancy in Massachusetts Driven by Societal Factors», Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health News, Dec. 19, 2018, www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/life-expectancy-disparities-massachusetts-societal-factors/; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sp.dyn.leOO.in.

«Too Much of a Good Thing», Economist, Mar. 26, 2016, www.economist.com/briefing/2016/03/26/too-much-of-a-good-thing.

Ben Casselman, «A Start-up Slump Is a Drag on the Economy. Big Business May Be to Blame», New York Times, Sept. 20, 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/09/20/business/economy/startup-business.html?module=inline.

Alan B. Krueger, «Reflections on Dwindling Worker Bargaining Power and Monetary Policy» Luncheon Address at the Jackson Hole Economic Symposium 24 (2018); Jan De Loecker and Jan Eeckhout, The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications, NBER Working Paper no. w23687 (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017).

Martin Gilens and Benjamin I. Page, «Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens», Perspectives on Politics 12, no. 3 (2014): 564–581.

Jacob Hartmann, «Disney’s Fight to Keep Mickey» Chicago Stigler Center Case no. 3 (November 2017).

«Lobbying Spending Database — Walt Disney Co, 1998», OpenSecrets.org.

В 1997 году чистый доход Disney от «творческой деятельности» составлял 878 миллионов долларов. Walt Disney Company 1997 Annual Report, https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/decmed/46860/iaDISNEYal997ieng.pdf.

Если исходить из того, что, начиная с 2023 года, пятьдесят процентов этих доходов без принятия закона было бы потеряно, а при принятии — сохранилось, а также при уменьшении этих будущих потоков доходов на шесть процентов.

Tim Lee, «15 Years Ago, Congress Kept Mickey Mouse out of the Public Domain. Will They Do It Again?» Washington Post, Apr. 23, 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/10/25/15-years-ago-congress-kept-mickey-mouse-out-of-the-public-domain-will-they-do-it-again/.

Краткое изложение George A. Akerlof et al. as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners, Eric Eldredet al. v. John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, 537 U.S. 186 (2003).

«Fossil Fuel Interests Have Outspent Environmental Advocates 10:1 on Climate Lobbying», Yale E360, July 18, 2018, https://e360.yale.edu/digest/fossil-fuel-interests-have-outspent-environmental-advocates-101-on-climate-lobbying; https://influencemap.org/index.html.

Hiroko Tabuchi, «The Oil Industry’s Covert Campaign to Rewrite American Car Emissions Rules», New York Times, Dec. 13, 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/12/13/dimate/cafe-emissions-rollback-oil-industry.html.

Судя по источникам выше и при допущении, что социальные издержки углерода составляют восемьдесят долларов на тонну.

Nichola Groom, «Washington State Carbon Tax Poised to Fail after Big Oil Campaign», Reuters, Nov. 7, 2018, www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-carbon/washington-state-carbon-tax-poised-to-fail-after-big-oil-campaign-idUSKCNlNClA9.

Jonas Hesse, Mozaffar Khan, and Karthik Ramanna, «Political Standards: Corporate Interest, Ideology, and Leadership in the Shaping of Accounting Rides for the Market Economy», Journal of Accounting & Economics 64, no. 20 (2015): 2–3.

«U.S. and World Population Clock», Population Clock, www.census.gov/popclock/; «Gross Domestic Product», FRED, Oct. 30, 2019, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP.

«Gross Domestic Product for Russian Federation», FRED, July 1, 2019, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MKTGDPRUA646NWDB; «Russian Federation», World Bank Data, https://data.worldbank.org/country/russian-federation.

United Nations, «About the Sustainable Development Goals — United Nations Sustainable Development», www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/.

Coral Davenport and Kendra Pierre-Louis, «U. S. Climate Report Warns of Damaged Environment and Shrinking Economy», New York Times, Nov. 23, 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/ll/23/climate/us-cIimate-report.htmI?module=inline.

«Migration, Environment and Climate Change (MECC) Division», International Organization for Migration, Feb. 15, 2019, www.iom.int/compIex-nexus#estimates.

Материал ниже в значительной степени взят из «Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning», by G. Serafeim and S. Gombas, Harvard Business School Case no. 9-116-012 (January 2017).

Я впервые об этом услышала от Питера Сенге. Спасибо, Питер!

Rebecca Henderson and Tony L. He, «Shareholder Value Maximization, Fiduciary Duties, and the Business Judgement Rule: What Does the Law Say?» Harvard Business School Background Note 318–097 (January 2018).

Global Reporting Initiative, «Sustainability and Reporting Trends in 2025», Global Reporting.org (2015), www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/Sustainability-and-Reporting-Trends-in-2025-2.pdf.

Richard Locke, The Promise and Limits of Private Power: Promoting Labor Standards in a Global Economy (Cambridge, UK, and New York Cambridge University Press, 2013).

«Trending: Cocoa Giants Embrace Sustainability, but Consumers Remain Key to Lasting Progress», Sustainable Brands, Dec. 12, 2017, https://sustainablebrands.com/read/supply-chain/trending-cocoa-giants-embrace-sustainability-but-consumers-remain-key-to-lasting-progress.

Rebecca Henderson and Nien-he Hsieh, «Putting the Guiding Principles into Action: Human Rights at Barrick Gold (A)», Harvard Business School Case no. 315–108, March 2015 (Revised December 2017).

Особенно интересно почитать на эту тему Yuval N. Harari, Sapiens, A Brief History of Humankind (London: Harvill Seeker, 2014)

В одном отчете были описаны вопиющие условия труда в промышленном птицеводстве. В среднем рабочие должны выполнять одну и ту же операцию каждые двадцать секунд и обрабатывать более четырнадцати тысяч кур в день. Средняя зарплата составляла одиннадцать долларов в час, в то время как текучка кадров — около ста процентов в год. Сотрудники не имели медицинской страховки, хотя травмы там происходили в пять раз чаще, чем в других отраслях. Зачастую они вынуждены были надевать подгузники, так как перерывы на посещение туалета строго регламентированы. «Lives on the Line: The High Human Cost of Chicken», Oxfam America, May 23, 2018, www.oxfamamerica.org/livesontheline/.

John Miller, The Glorious Revolution, 2nd ed. (Harlow, UK: Longman, 1997).

Encyclopedia Britannica, Massachusetts Bay Colony / Facts, Map, & Significance [online], доступ 22 октября 2019 г., www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony.

Brian Eckhouse, «Solar Beats Coal on U. S. Jobs», Bloomberg.com, May 16, 2018, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-16/solar-beats-coal-on-u-s-jobs.

Richard Vietor, «Clean Energy for the Future», Harvard Business School (HBS) Technical Note (August 2019).

Ian Johnston, «India Just Cancelled 14 Huge Coal-Fired Power Stations as Solar Energy Prices Hit Record Low», Independent, May 24, 2017, www.independent.co.uk/environment/india-solar-power-electricity-cancels-coal-fired-power-stations-record-low-a7751916.html.

Mark Kane, «Global Sales December & 2018: 2 Million Plug-in Electric Cars Sold», InsideEVs, Jan. 31, 2019, https://insideevs.com/news/342547/global-sales-december-2018-2-million-plug-in-electric-cars-sold/.

Kate Taylor, «3 Factors Are Driving the Plant-Based ‘Meat’ Revolution as Analysts Predict Companies Like Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods Could Explode into a $140 Billion Industry», Business Insider, May 24, 2019, www.businessinsider.com/meat-substitutes-impossible-foods-beyond-meat-sales-skyrocket-2019-5.

В мае 2019 года организация Beyond Meat, которая производит растительные гамбургеры с наполнителем, очень близким по вкусу и консистенции к настоящей говядине, провела один из самых успешных выходов на биржу за последние десять лет. В первый день торгов акции взлетели на сто шестьдесят три процента, и компания закрыла день со стоимостью в 3,83 миллиарда долларов.