Дэниел Левитин - Счастливое старение. Рекомендации нейробиолога о том, как жить долго и хорошо

Эта система чувствительна к двум разным параметрам, таким как угловое смещение и количество случаев двигательной адаптации.

Видео этого эксперимента можно посмотреть здесь: “Erismann and Kohler inversion ‘upside-down’ goggles – Film 2,” posted by Perceiving Acting, April 10, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1HYcN7f9N4.

P. Sachse et al., “ ‘The World Is Upside Down’–The Innsbruck Goggle Experiments of Theodor Erismann (1883–1961) and Ivo Kohler (1915–1985),” Cortex 92 (2017): 222–232.

Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, “One Quarter of Seniors over 70 Have Had Silent Strokes,” ScienceDaily, October 5, 2011, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111004113739.htm.

A. R. Riestra and A. M. Barrett, “Rehabilitation of Spatial Neglect,” in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 110, ed. M. P. Barnes and D. C. Good, pp. 347–355 (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013).

Y. Rossetti et al., “Prism Adaptation to a Rightward Optical Deviation Rehabilitates Left Hemispatial Neglect,” Nature 395, no. 6698 (1998): 166; F. Frassinetti et al., “Long-Lasting Amelioration of Visuospatial Neglect by Prism Adaptation,” Brain 125, no. 3 (2002): 608–623; N. Vaes et al., “Rehabilitation of Visuospatial Neglect by Prism Adaptation: Effects of a Mild Treatment Regime. A Randomised Controlled Trial,” Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 28, no. 6 (2018): 899–918.

M. Botvinick and J. Cohen, “Rubber Hands ‘Feel’ Touch That Eyes See,” Nature 391 (1998): 756, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35784; A. Kalckert and H. H. Ehrsson, “The Onset Time of the Ownership Sensation in the Moving Rubber Hand Illusion,” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (2017): 344; M. Tsakiris, “My Body in the Brain: A Neurocognitive Model of Body-Ownership,” Neuropsychologia 48 (2010): 703–712, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034; M. Tsakiris and P. Haggard, “The Rubber Hand Illusion Revisited: Visuotactile Integration and Self-Attribution,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 31 (2005): 80–91, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096–1523.31.1.80; видео можно посмотреть здесь: “The Rubber Hand Illusion – Horizon: Is Seeing Believing? – BBC Two,” posted by BBC, October 15, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwn1w7MJvk, and “Is That My Real Hand? Breakthrough,” posted by National Geographic, November 4, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DphlhmtGRqI.

M. Tsakiris, “Looking for Myself: Current Multisensory Input Alters Self-Face Recognition,” PLoS One 3 (2008): e4040, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004040; M. Tsakiris, “The Multisensory Basis of the Self: From Body to Identity to Others,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70, no. 4 (2017): 597–609; M. P. Paladino et al., “Synchronous Multisensory Stimulation Blurs Self-Other Boundaries,” Psychological Science 21 (2010): 1202–1207, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610379234; видео можно посмотреть здесь: “Demo Enfacement Illusion Tsakiris October 2011,” “manostsak,” February 13, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO1MrUX0K3c.

G. Porciello et al., “The ‘Enfacement’ Illusion: A Window on the Plasticity of the Self,” Cortex 104 (2018): 261–275.

National Transportation Safety Board, NTSB ID: NYC99MA178. Катастрофа произошла 16 июля 1999 года в Вайнярд Хейвене, штат Массачусетс (Washington, DC: NTSB, 1999). В официальном отчете Национального совета по безопасности на транспорте о ее причинах было сказано: «Иллюзии или ложные представления имеют место в случаях, когда информация, предоставляемая органами чувств, неправильно интерпретируется или является недостаточной… Некоторые иллюзии могут повлечь за собой пространственную дезориентацию и неспособность точно определить высоту или направление движения самолета по отношению к поверхности земли». Более подробную информацию можно найти здесь: R. Gibb, B. Ercoline, and L. Scharff, “Spatial Disorientation: Decades of Pilot Fatalities,” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 82, no. 7 (2011): 717–724.

W. Magerl and R. D. Treede, “Secondary Tactile Hypoesthesia: A Novel Type of Pain-Induced Somatosensory Plasticity in Human Subjects,” Neuroscience Letters 361, nos. 1–3 (2004): 136–139; T. Weiss, “Plasticity and Cortical Reorganization Associated with Pain,” Zeitschrift für Psychologie (2016).

S. Aglioti, A. Bonazzi, and F. Cortese, “Phantom Lower Limb as a Perceptual Marker of Neural Plasticity in the Mature Human Brain,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 255, no. 1344 (1994): 273–278; L. Nikolajsen and K. F. Christensen, “Phantom Limb Pain,” in Nerves and Nerve Injuries, ed. R. Tubbs et al., pp. 23–34 (New York: Elsevier, 2015).

E. L. Altschuler et al., “Rehabilitation of Hemiparesis after Stroke with a Mirror,” Lancet 353, no. 9169 (1999): 2035–2036; V. S. Ramachandran and D. Rogers-Ramachandran, “Phantom Limbs and Neural Plasticity,” Archives of Neurology 57, no. 3 (2000): 317–320; J. Barbin et al., “The Effects of Mirror Therapy on Pain and Motor Control of Phantom Limb in Amputees: A Systematic Review,” Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 59, no. 4 (2016): 270–275.

R. S. Davidson et al., “Surgical Correction of Presbyopia,” Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 42, no. 6 (2016): 920–930.

D. E. Levari et al., “Prevalence-Induced Concept Change in Human Judgment,” Science 360, no. 6396 (2018): 1465–1467.

Levari et al., “Prevalence-Induced Concept Change.”

National Eye Institute, “Facts about Cataracts,” September 2015, https://nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/cataract_facts.

National Eye Institute, “Facts about Cataracts.”

J. O. Pickles, “Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA as a Cause of Presbycusis,” Audiology and Neurotology 9, no. 1 (2004): 23–33; Y. Shen et al., “Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Presbycusis: Examination of the Possible Molecular Mechanism,” Frontiers in Neuroscience 12 (2018): 394.

V. Lobo et al., “Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Functional Foods: Impact on Human Health,” Pharmacognosy Reviews 4, no. 8 (2010): 118; A. Santo, H. Zhu, and Y. R. Li, “Free Radicals: From Health to Disease,” Reactive Oxygen Species 2, no. 4 (2016): 245–263.

Lobo et al., “Free Radicals”; M. Serafini and I. Peluso, “Functional Foods for Health: The Interrelated Antioxidant and AntiInflammatory Role of Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, Spices and Cocoa in Humans,” Current Pharmaceutical Design 22, no. 44 (2016): 6701–6715.

E. A. Decker et al., “Hurdles in Predicting Antioxidant Efficacy in Oil-in-Water Emulsions,” Trends in Food Science and Technology 67 (2017): 183–194.

The Mayo Clinic, “Antioxidants,” February 7, 2017, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/multimedia/antioxidants/sls-20076428.

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, “Age-Related Hearing Loss,” March 2016, https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/age-related-hearing-loss.

T. G. Sanchez et al., “Musical Hallucination Associated with Hearing Loss,” Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria 69, no. 2B (2011): 395–400; M. M. J. Linszen et al., “Auditory Hallucinations in Adults with Hearing Impairment: A Large Prevalence Study,” Psychological Medicine 49, no. 1 (2019): 132–139.

При таком синдроме у психически здоровых людей с серьезными зрительными расстройствами возникают фантомные картины, галлюцинации. Впервые описан швейцарским натуралистом Шарлем Бонне в 1760 году. Прим. ред.

The Mayo Clinic, “Tinnitus,” https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tinnitus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350156.

J. Henry, K. Dennis, and M. Schechter, “Theoretical/Review Article – General Review of Tinnitus: Prevalence, Mechanisms, Effects, and Management,” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48, no. 5 (2005): 1204–1234; A. McCormack et al., “A Systematic Review of the Reporting of Tinnitus Prevalence and Severity,” Hearing Research 337 (2016): 70–79.

Henry et al., “Theoretical/Review Article – General Review of Tinnitus,” p. 1207.

A. L. Giraud et al., “A Selective Imaging of Tinnitus,” Neuroreport 10, no. 1 (1999): 1–5; N. Weisz et al., “Tinnitus Perception and Distress Is Related to Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity as Measured by Magnetoencephalography,” PLoS Medicine 2, no. 6 (2005): e153; A. B. Elgoyhen et al., “Tinnitus: Perspectives from Human Neuroimaging,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16, no. 10 (2015): 632.

M. Dominguez et al., “A Spiking Neuron Model of Cortical Correlates of Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Spontaneous Firing, Synchrony, and Tinnitus,” Neural Computation 18, no. 12 (2006): 2942–2958; R. Schaette and R. Kempter, “Development of Tinnitus-Related Neuronal Hyperactivity through Homeostatic Plasticity after Hearing Loss: A Computational Model,” European Journal of Neuroscience 23 (2006): 3124–3138; S. E. Shore, L. E. Roberts, and B. Langguth, “Maladaptive Plasticity in Tinnitus – Triggers, Mechanisms and Treatment,” Nature Reviews Neurology 12, no. 3 (2016): 150.

R. Schaette et al., “Acoustic Stimulation Treatments against Tinnitus Could Be Most Effective When Tinnitus Pitch Is within the Stimulated Frequency Range,” Hearing Research 269, nos. 1–2 (2010): 95–101; R. Schaette, “Mechanisms of Tinnitus,” in Annual Tinnitus Research Review, ed. D. Baguley and N. Wray, pp. 10–15 (Sheffield, UK: British Tinnitus Association, 2016).

A. Gawande, Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014), p. 31.

R. L. Doty and V. Kamath, “The Influences of Age on Olfaction: A Review,” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 20; J. Seubert et al., “Prevalence and Correlates of Olfactory Dysfunction in Old Age: A Population-Based Study,” Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences 72, no. 8 (2017): 1072–1079.