Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 3 курс [calibre 2.43.0]

was mean of you to turn your back on her when she needed your help, to do smth. behind smb.'s backto do smth. without smb.'s

knowledge, e. g. You ought not to criticize her behind her back. 2) the part of a thing which is farthest from the front, as the back of

the house, the back of one's head, the back of a chair, at the back of one's mind; 3) (modifying other nouns) away from the front, as a

back seat (street, vowel), back teeth (rows, etc.)

backadv to, in or into an earlier position or state, as to go (run, turn, be, come) back; to go back on one's wordto fail to keep a

promise, e. g. One cannot rely on a person who goes back on his word, to keep smth. back from smb.to conceal, e. g. You needn't

keep this news back from him. back fromat a distance from, e. g. The house stood back from the road, back and forthto and fro,

as to walk (run, fly) back and forth, backbreaking adj very hard, as backbreaking work, backbone n the row of bones joined together along the back; to the backbone (fig.) completely, e. g. He is Russian to the backbone.

background n 1) contrasting surface; on (against) the background of smth., e. g. The white house stood out on the background

of the green trees, on (against) a white (black, red) background,e. g. The girl wore a dress with white spots on a blue background.

2) the part which is at the back, as in the background (foreground) of a picture; to keep (stay, remain, be) in the backgroundto

keep where one will not be noticed, e. g. She is very shy and always keeps in the background. 3) origin, social status and

qualifications of a person, e. g. Tell me your background (tell me about yourself).

backward adj behind others, as a backward district (child, people), backwards adv with the back coming first, e. g. Can you spell the word "backwards" ?

5. require vt to ask for, to need, as to require extra help, e. g. The matter requires great care. He did all that was. required of him.

syn. demand(to ask for with authority, to insist on having), e. g. The policeman demanded his name. The strikers demanded

immediate payment.

requirement n thing required, as the requirements of the law, to meet the requirements of people, e. g. What are the requirements

for entering this institute?

6. reference n 1) (instance of) alluding, e. g. You should make reference to a dictionary. The book is full of references to places

that I know well. 2) a statement about a person's character or abilities, e. g. The clerk has excellent references from former

employers. 3) note, direction, telling where certain information may be found, e. g. He dislikes history books that are crowded with

references to earlier authorities.

refer vt/i 1) to send, take, hand over (to smb. or smth.), e. g. I was referred to the manager. 2) to speak of, allude to; to apply to, e.

g. Don't refer to this matter again, please. Does that remark refer to me? 3) to turn (to), go (to) for information, etc., e. g. The speaker

often referred to his notes.

8. temper n 1) a disposition, as a person of even (pleasant, fiery, etc.) temper; to have an even (sweet, uncertain, quick, etc.)

temper; hot- tempered

good-tempered, bad-tempered; 2) a mood, as to be in a good (bad, forgiving, calm, friendly) temper.

Note: When the word is used without an adjective, the meaning is always "an angry state of mind".

to lose one's temper, to control (to keep) one's temper, to get (to fly) into a temper about smth., to be in a temper,e. g. I was

surprised but I did not lose my temper. There is nothing to fly into a temper about. Joseph saw that she was fighting to keep her

temper.

9. display vt 1) to show, esp. spread out or place so that there is no difficulty in seeing, as to display pictures (paintings) in a

gallery; to display goods in a shop-window; 2) to show signs of having, as to display courage (heroism, anxiety, a contempt for one's

feeling, no enthusiasm about smth.).

display n displaying, showing or exhibiting, as a fine display of courage, a display of bad temper, a fashion display, to make a

display of one's affection, e. g. There was a fine display of flowers at the exhibition.

10. decent adj 1) proper and suitable, good for a particular time or place, as decent clothes (conditions, marks); 2) modest, not

likely to cause people to feel shame, as a decent fellow (conduct, book, film).

decency n the quality of being decent, e. g. He doesn't know the meaning of shame or common decency. Have the decency to

admit it.

Word Combinations and Phrases

to take (some) paints to do smth.

to set a task

to have a pretty good idea of reasonably fair

to feel frustrated

to make (no) comment in fact

to play into smb.'s hands utter disrespect

READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

1. a) Listen to the recording of Text Three and mark the stresses and tunes, b) Repeat the text in the intervals after the model.

2. Put twenty questions to the text.

3. Note down from Text Three the sentences containing the word combinations and phrases (p. 77) and translate them into Russian.

4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the word combinations and phrases (p. 77):

1. She realized well enough what kind of person Lydia was.2. The boy tried very hard to make his mother buy him a puppy.

2. She didn't say anything. 4. Julia was troubled about her parents' health. 5. The manager explained to John what the latter had to

do. 6. Your actions helped Katie to do what she meant to. 7. The teacher was worried about his pupils' future. 8. The sums are rather

difficult, but the pupils know the rules and will cope with them. 9 The young mother was upset. She thought her baby was developing

too slowly. 10. Pamela always acts in a way which is more convenient for her friends than for herself. 11. She is too discreet to show

that she never respected the fellow very much. 12. The doctor didn't give his opinion of the accident. 13. I have sufficient knowledge

about her plans for the future. 14. As a matter of fact we had a very pleasant voyage. 15. She worries about the paintings. 16. I was

primarily worried about keeping them that way. 17. Jane Pucell felt upset because of the tense atmosphere in the classroom.

5. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations and phrases (p. 77).

1. Сердиться на вас — значит лить воду на вашу мельницу. 2. Передо мной поставили очень сложную задачу, и я должен

был ее выполнить. 3. Мы можем купить этот мебельный гарнитур, он дорог, но в разумных пределах. 4. Молодой учитель

был расстроен тем, что не все ученики его класса обладали хорошими навыками выразительного чтения. 5. Я не могу

сказать, чтобы мне понравился этот спектакль, в сущности, мне было до смерти скучно. 6. Судьба нам улыбнулась, и мы

нашли то, что искали. 7. Она всегда беспокоится о своем сыне, когда он уезжает. 8. М-р Поттер ничего не сказал по поводу

речи оратора. 9. Я прекрасно отдаю себе отчет в том, почему они навещают меня каждую неделю. 10. Я глубоко и искренне

уважаю вас, но отсутствие какого-либо уважения к вашему брату делает нашу дружбу невозможной. 11. В сущности он

поставил перед нами задачу. 12. Не стоит беспокоиться по поводу этих новостей. 13. Ее крайнее неува жение отнюдь не

облегчало жизнь в семье.

6. Make up and practise a short situation using the word combinations and phrases (p. 77).

7. Make up and act out a dialogue using the word combinations and phrases (to be done in pairs).

8. Find in Text Three English equivalents for the following words and phrases. Use them in sentences:

последний урок перед большой переменой; не терпеть вмешательства; обязательное сочинение, которое пишется каждую

неделю; записать что-л.; совершенствовать навыки письменной английской речи; достаточно честные (объективные);

указать; узнать, что интересует учащихся; первое знакомство; быть вне себя от гнева; как я выгляжу в их глазах; долго не

задержусь; отсутствие всяческого уважения; оказался не на высоте; давать пищу для размышлений; редкая птичка; по

всякому глупому поводу; держаться самоуверенно; сочувствовали тем, кто; прерывать урок

9. Explain what is meant by:

1. Each Friday morning the whole school spent the pre-recess period in writing their Weekly Review. 2. ... he would brook no in-

terference. 3. No one and nothing was sacred ... . 4. It is of advantage to both pupils and teacher. 5. ... it would be pointless to be an-

gry with them for pointing such things out. 6. ... the sensible teacher will observe the trend of individual and collective interests ....

7.... I was anxious to discover what sort of figure I cut in front of them .... 8. ... they probably imagined I would be as transient as my

many predecessors .... 9. It was up to me to find some way to get through to them. 10. ...I was not making the grade. 11. ... an effort to

discover some way of providing the children with the sort of intellectual challenge to which they would respond .... 12.... with the

same careful attention a birdwatcher devotes to the rare feathered visitor. 13. ... illustrations from the familiar things of their own

background. 14.... it was as though there was a conspiracy of disinterest, and my attempts at informality fell pitifully flat. 15. ... I bore

it with as much show of aplomb as I could manage. 16. ... it heralded the third stage of their conduct. 17. ... everything they said or