Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс. Ключи

The house has all modern conveniences. — В доме есть все удобства.
в. I ran all the way for fear of being late. — Я бежал всю дорогу, потому что боялся опоздать.
As soon as we fired, the enemy ran. — Как только мы нача­ли стрелять, враг обратился в бегство.
Trams run on rails. — Трамваи ходят по рельсам.
Motor cars run along ordinary roads. — Легковые автомо­били ездят по обычным дорогам.
The buses run every five minutes. — Автобусы ходят/кур­сируют каждые пять минут.
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Unit One 13
По улице бежал
Torrents of water ran down the street, потоки воды.
Rivers run into the sea. — Реки впадают в моря.
Dont you hear the water running in the kitchen? — Неуже ли ты не слышишь, как в кухне льется из крана вода?
If you have a bad cold, your nose runs. — При сильной про студе течет из носа.
For several miles the road ran across a plain. — Нескольк миль дорога шла по равнине.
Note:- -
The forest stretched to the south for many miles. — Лес про стирался на юг на много миль.
So the story runs. — Так говорится в рассказе./Так расска зывают.
The story runs… — Рассказывают… Our car ran into the bus. — Наша машина врезалась в авто
бус.
I ran into a friend of mine on my way home. — По дорог домой я случайно встретился с другом.
The other day I ran across a very interesting article in th. newspaper. — На днях я натолкнулся в газете на очень инте­ресную статью.
But for the skill of the driver the man would have been ru over by the bus. — Если бы не умелые действия водителя, о попал бы под колеса автобуса.
7. I couldnt join (together) the two halves of the vase because a small piece was missing. — Я не мог сложить дв. половинки вазы вместе, потому что не хватало маленького кусочка.
Where do the two streams join (each other)? — Где сливают ся эти два потока?
Note:- -
The island was joined to the mainland with a bridge. — Ост
ров соединялся с материком мостом.
We united all our forces to drive the enemy out of tin
country. — Мы объединили все наши силы, чтобы изгнать вра
га с территории нашей страны.
Workers of the world, unite! — Пролетарии всех стран, со­единяйтесь!
The United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed in 1945 in San Francisco. — Организация Объединенных Наций была гоздапа в Сан-Франциско в 1945 году.
Will you join me in my walk? — Ты не погуляешь со мной?
Well join you in a few minutes. — Мы присоединимся к тебе через несколько минут.
If I were you, I should join this club. — На твоем месте я вступил бы в члены этого клуба.
Не wastwenty-two when he joined the army. — Ему было двадцать два года, когда он пошел в армию.
8. We depend on newspapers for information about world events. — О том, что происходит в мире, мы узнаем из газет.
Не depends on his sister for a living. — Он живет за счет своей сестры.
You can depend upon the man. — На этого человека можно положиться.
I depend on you to do it. — Я рассчитываю, что ты это сде­лаешь.
Can I depend on this time-table or is it an old one? — Этому расписанию можно верить или оно устарело?
Will you finish your work on time? — It depends. — Ты за­кончишь работу в назначенный срок? — Смотря по обстоятель­ствам. /Как получится.
Ex. XI, р. 22
1. Its impolite to stare at people like that. 2. A big crowd Htood on the pavement staring at a broken car. 3. No wonder people stand gazing at this picture for hours: its beautiful. 4. The little boys stood staring at each other ready to start a fight. 5. Look at her: again she is staring out of the window with that Ht range expression of hers. 6. When I looked at her eyes, I guessed t lint she had cried. 7.TheGreek myth runs that Narcissus stared/ Kiized at his own reflection in the water until he fell in love with it. 8. He stood gazing around as if he tried to impress on his memory everything he saw.
Essential Course
Ex. XII, p. 22
■) l.The weather seems quite warm though its only 5 "C abov zero. 2. The children look tired, but they seem greatly please) with the trip, dont they? 3. The host and the hostess look a bi old-fashioned, but they seem to be hospitable and friendly. 4. Sh seems to be very light-minded, but she only looks it, in fact sh is a very serious and hard-working student. 5. My brother say) that people usually look what they are and I believe that peoph are very often quite different from what they seem to be.
b) 1. The teacher tried to explain the rule in a different way and I understood it at once. 2. The schoolboy returned the book he had read and asked for another book, but of a different kind, he said, as he wanted to have a rest from detective stories. 3.1 askec for a pair of shoes of a different kind, but the shop-girl said tha the rest of the shoes were not my size.
c) 1. A small stream runs along the road. 2. These steppes stretch to the south for miles and miles. 3. The path ran across the field for a mile and then was lost in the forest. 4. No matter how hard 1 looked, I saw only a vast plain stretching before me. 5. The ugly scar ran right across the mans left cheek. 6. For how many kilometres does this forest stretch?
d) 1. I like to sleep on a camp-bed, I find it very comfortable. 2.1 believe Friday the only convenient day for our meeting, we have only four lectures on that day. 3. Though the flat was rather comfortable, warm, light and cosy, it was not convenient for our work as it was rather small. 4. These shoes are very convenient for wear in wet weather as they have rubber soles.
e) 1. The two streams join at the foot of the mountain. 2. United we stand, divided we fall. 3. One by one the children joined in the game. 4. The partisans detachment joined the regular army and the enemy lost the battle against their joint/united forces. 5. All peace-loving people should unite in their struggle against a new war. 6. Wont you join me in a walk?
Ex. XIII, p. 23
1. It makes no difference. 2. Rivers run into the sea. 3. You cant depend on him. 4. Make yourself comfortable. 5. French is
Unit One PAGE15
different from English in having far more verbal inflexions. 6. He looks ill. 7. Join these points with a line. 8. This street runs east and west. 9. He refused to depend on his parents (for a living). 10. I differ from/with you. 11. Ill run the car into the garage. 12. Will you join us? 13. I ran across/into him in London last week. 14. Look here, Tom! 15. This tool is convenient. 16. These are different people with the same name. 17. Why does Jane keep silent?
Ex. XIV, p. 23
1. Он оглядел комнату и заметил открытую шкатулку с дра­гоценностями, которую кто-то беспечно оставил на столе. 2. Было что-то странное в ее резком переходе от вчерашнего на­пряженного ожиданияксегодняшнемубезразличию. 3. Ведин-гтве наша сила. 4. Отец напомнил мне, что я нахожусь на его полном иждивении/в полной зависимости от него. 5. Ему при­шлось столкнуться со множеством людей, принадлежащих к другому миру, и они, пожалуй, вызвали у него восхищение и зависть. 6. Я все время действую под влиянием момента/им­пульсивно, что доставляет неудобства и мне, и другим. 7. Он чувствовадсебя неуютно из-за того, что ему приходится менять планы и придумывать что-то новое. 8. Он сердился на Нору из-;т того, что та не захотела оставить все как есть.
Ex. XIX, р. 25
…There are no children — there are just human beings with n different scale of notions, a different stock of experience, different interests and a different play of feelings. Remember that we dont know them…
All contemporary upbringing of children is aimed at making the child convenient for the adults. Consistently, step by step it strives to lull, to suppress, to wipe out. 11 that makes up the childs will, his freedom, his fortitude and the strength of his demands.
If the child is polite, obedient, sweet and convenient to you, you often give no thought to his becoming a spineless loser in the future…
Have you ever noticed how often you hear your child say. "Shall I open it?" when there is a ring at the door?
In the first place the lock on the entrance door is difficult to cope with, secondly there is a feeling that there, on the other side of the door/beyond the door a grown-up is standing who cannot
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Unit One 17
manage on his own and is waiting for you, iittle though you are to help…
Such are the small victories celebrated by a child who i already dreaming of long travels to distant lands. In his dreami he is a Robinson Crusoe on a desert island whereas in reality he i. beside himself with joy even when he is just allowed to look ou of the window.
Ex. XXI, p. 25
1. I looked about and saw that there wasnt a single woodei house left in the village. 2. The old doctor remained the same kinc sincere man that we had known since we were children (since from childhood). 3. There is at least a month to go/a month let before we leave, but we are already looking forward to our holida and making different plans for the summer. 4. Let me know i you decide to stay with your aunt for the rest of the vacations Ill join you then. 5. The only way out left is to ask/There i nothing for it but to ask/There is nothing to be done but to ask-this old woman to look after the children. 6. "Look here, Ill sweep the floor and wash up/wash the dishes and youll do the rest OK?" – "OK /Its a deal!/Deal!" 7. A few players stayed on Die volley-ball pitch, and the rest went to the swimming-pool for a swim. 8. Are you looking for your overcoat? It has been left in the garden. Let me fetch it.
Ex. I, p. 31
a) machines { maJi:riz] appreciate { эpri:J"ieit] humanity { hj u: ms n 11 i ] vital { vaitl] challenge { { fa:lind3] individual { ,individjual] awareness { э wesnts] ignorance{ ig и э гэ n s] fearful rfi9f( 3 )]] boredom { badam] medium { mi:diam] accept{aksept] routine{ ru:ti:n] stimulating { stimjuleiiin] variety { va raioti]
) to think privately ~ to think to oneself the most vital job — the most important job a rewarding job — a job that gives satisfaction (but perhaps
not much money) a challenge to your character — something that puts your
character to the test an ignorant teacher — a teacher lacking knowledge or education
a guardian — 1. someone who guards or protects (блюсти­тель, защитник, хранитель); 2. a person who has the legal responsibility of looking after a child that is not their own, especially after the parents death (опекун) thЈ same routine — the same fixed and regular way of
working or doing things stimulating worjt — work that is pleasant because it suggests
or encourages new ideas or ways of thinking to go in for teaching — to take up teaching, to become a teacher
Ex. II, p. 31
,) tomake/takea choice, to havea vocation for smth./to be good i smth., to be interested in smth., to consider teaching as a areer, to appreciate, to be devoted to ones work, to serve humanity, a burning desire to know, respect for smb.; b) to be good at smth., actually, since/as, devoted, admit, rewarding, genuinely, awareness, to destroy.
Ex. УП, p. 33
I. When he was young/In his youth, he studied chemistry at university. 2. Children learn foreign languages easily. 3. I was wry upset when I learned that I hadnt passed the exam. 4. He studied/was studying in his room all/the whole evening. 5. Study this information very carefully: it will help you to make the right choice. 6. My sister is studying to become a lawyer. 7. Unfortunately pe never learned to read and write. 8. You are still to learn how to cope with difficult problems in class.
Ex. IX a), p. 34
Bob: What are you going to take up as a career? John: Architecture. Actually, Ive already started. I began my studies last October.
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Bob: What are you going to do when yOU fMahV John: Oh, I shall go back horn, andl«nMi« « –«У "« ^
town. Theres a lot of useful work to bn doM thi-rci building
schools, hospitals, homes for the pcoph-.
Bob: What made you decide to tak.. up MChKacture as a
СаГ То ? Ьп: Well, I was good at Maths and Ai l «I acl.ool and I
think I had a certain feeling for design. My I…..<1н……<���……Wl
me and said I had a bent for architecture.
Bob: I find that some young people fail W btkf up a career
because theyre not sure what they want to do Mid whut career opportunities there are. .„ 11+ ; aa J oh n: Yes, thats true. But usually your ptntKtal qimhties
show up at school, dont they? Teachers guide nni…..со»rage the
young to take up the careers for which theyre Ыи1 gulled.
Ex. XII, p. 35
1 His love for children made him take up tmchlitic n*.. nirccr/ become a teacher/go in for teaching and he never regret , was so?ry about his choice. 2. It looks like Ill have to сИоож– hetwe n working in a day-care centre/kindergarten/т.гнегу school and gomg t?a teacher-training college. 3. There isnt much vj^ty m myw0 rk,butithasitsadvantages/merits.4b>«« r " ,l,,that J;^ time it will be difficult for the pupils/schoolch.ldre.i to со» with S task 5 The pupils progress depends to a great ex t«mt/degree t s ! progress largely depends) on thik toaoher and his professional skill. 6. Work in a school wil be a chnlonge " Уопт intelligence, tact and a sense of respor.sib.lity/wi11 re , ire .от you intelligence, tact and a sense of respos.b.l.ty. 7. Aspectxan Learned only by honest work.S.In Britain notevery graduate of a teacher-training college can find a job. 9.1 have h*^*""* a teacher/Ive been in teaching for many years, and 1 ran say that 1 Ј5i find nobler work. 10. My friend chose ^inefora career when he was still at school. He has always been |U1 a that it is the most vital work in the world. 11. My love of music and my meresHn the theory of education made me consider/tlunk about ГсЫпУт !casacLeer.l2.Scbool-leaversoftenlmvedi fl u:uty inSing/find it difficult to decide (It is etaMM school-leavers to decide, what trade/profession to –boose In tins case the teachers and the parents can help them to make therigh choice of university. Besides every school has a system of career
Unit One PAGE19
counselling. 13. In this country/In our country teaching has traditionally been one of the most respected professions. 14. What attracts you in teaching?
Ex. XV a), p. 37
Как я был школьным учителем: воспоминания и невзгоды
Стоит ли говорить, что родители учеников играют в жиз­ни учителя не последнюю роль и именно их следует винить во многих его горестях и печалях. Каких только разновид­ностей родителей я не встречал! Наилучшая из них — это английский отец старой закалки, который приводя сына в школу, говорит тебе: «Если этот парень будет плохо себя вести, задайте ё°му хорошую трепку. Если он и тогда не ис­правится, дайте мне знать — я приеду и выдеру его сам. Ему положен шиллинг в неделю на карманные расходы, а если потратит больше, вы только дайте мне знать, и я вообще перекрою ему кран».
Жестокие слова, что и говорить, но именно такая речь про­буждает в душе учителя сильнейшее расположение к несчаст­ному ребенку, и когда папаша напоследок бросает: * До свида­ния, Джек» и дитя дрожащим голоском отвечает: «До свида­ния, папа», учитель невольно проникается мыслью о том, что надо быть последним мерзавцем, чтобы обидеть маленького страдальца, у которого такой отец.
Иное дело родитель современный, впитавший новомодные идеи. «В общем, я только что дал Джимми пять фунтов, — говорит он учителю тем же самым тоном, каким привык обра­щаться к какому-нибудь мелкому клерку у себя в конторе, — и объяснил, что, когда ему понадобится еще, нужно сказать вам сходить В банк и снять со счета столько, сколько ему тре­буется». После чего такой папаша начинает втолковывать тебе, что у Джимми-де самобытная натура и что обходиться с ним надо как нельзя более бережно и тактично. «Мы с женой, — говорит он, — пришли к выводу, что, когда он начинает кап­ризничать/впадает в ярость, лучше сделать, как он хочет, и в скором времени он образумится».
The Russian лого combination "в нашей стране" is often translated into English as in this country", but this phrase can be used only when the speaker is on the territory ol his country. If a Russian says "in this country" when he is in the USA, il wifl mean "in the USA".
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В общем и целом из его слов следует, что Джимми можно лишь уговаривать, причем очень мягко, и ни в коем случае не принуждать к чрезмерным трудам.
Слушая такие речи, учитель, оскорбленный тем, что с ним обращаются как с какой-нибудь мелкой сошкой, впивается в распущенного сопляка Джимми взглядом василиска/хищным взглядом и думает про себя, что надо непременно попробовать взять его в ежовые рукавицы.






UNIT TWO
Ex I, p. 43
I, Mario wouldnt have come to England last year if John hadnt invited him. 2. Peter would have accepted your invitation if he hadnt been ill. 3. It wouldnt have been a hardship for the children to sweep and clean the rooms yesterday, would it? 4. If the weather had been fine, we should have gone to a holiday camp when we had our holiday. 5. We would have lived in a hotel in Sochi if the rates hadnt been very high. 6. It would have been natural if they hadnt met after their quarrel. 7. My friend and I would have gone to the cinema after that lesson if the rest of the students had agreed to go with us. 8. If the weather hadnt changed, we should have gone to the country yesterday evening.
Ex. II, p. 44
1. If the doctors that had treated Bob werent very experienced, he wouldnt have recovered. 2. Mary wouldnt have passed the exams if she werent so industrious. 3. We wouldn1 have invited John Brown to our tea-party if we werent acquainted with him. 4. I would have left the children alone i they werent so naughty. 5. She would have agreed to teach uj French if she knew the language well. 6. Martha wouldnt havt understood the German delegates if she werent German. 7. wouldnt have given you this book if it were not interesting. 8. wouldnt have advised my friends to have a walking tour if werent fond of walking tours myself.
Unit Two 21
Ex. IV, p. 44
1. Dont worry, the child wouldnt be so cheerful if he were seriously/gravely ill. 2. A beard and a moustache wouldnt become you, you would look much older than your age. 3. It would be better if they didnt allow the children to watch TV so late. 4. It would have been natural if the children had asked me about their new teacher, but no one asked this question. 5. If I were you, I would eat fewer sweets/less candy, youll put on weight. 6. It would have been natural if he had become a scientist, he was good at the Exact Sciences at school, but he has become an actor. 7. You would have finished this translation long ago if you hadn 4 talked/chatted so much over/on the phone/ by phone. 8. You wouldnt have forgotten to phone me if you werent so absent-minded.
Ex. Ill, p. 56
a) ache { eik] 1. n боль (продолжительная, но не острая); 2. и болеть, ныть, ломить; чувствовать боль fever Г fi:va] 1. жар, высокая температура; 2. лихорадка medicine { meds(a)n] 1. медицина; 2. лекарство (от — for) capsule { кж р sj u: I ] капсула purgative { рз: д э 11 v ] слабительное germ { d33:m] микроб, болезнетворная бактерия acid f ЈB$td] 1. n кислота; 2. adj кислотный, кислый influenza { .mfluenza] (тж. разг. flu) грипп variousf ve(о)rias] 1. различный, разный; разнообразный;
2. многие, разные (только с множ. числом) pneumonia { nju; mavnia] воспаление легких, пневмо­ния
area { *е(э)пэ] 1. площадь (страны, квартиры, треуголь­ника и т. п.), пространство, участок; 2. местность, рай­он, зона; 3. сфера, область (деятельности и т. л.)
pirate { pai(a)rat] пират
natural { паиДэ)гэ1] естественный, натуральный bother fboda] 1. докучать, беспокоить; 2. беспокоить, вол­новать
prescribe { pnskraib] прописывать (лекарство, мед. про­цедуру и т. п.) bush { bvf] куст
brush { ЬглГ] 1. п щетка; кисть (художника); 2. и чистить щеткой
22 Essential Course
итревожить{ся),беспокоить(ся),волно-
вать(ся)
thermometer { 0 э mom 11 э ] термометр, градусник absolutely { aebs3lu:tli] абсолютно, совершенно, совсем relax In leeks] 1. расслаблять(ся); 2. успокаиваться
Ь) shut — shut, shut, shutting
overcome — overcame, overcome, overcoming — преодоле­вать
He — lay, lain, lying — лежать
lie — lied, lied, lying — лгать
lay — laid, laid, laying — класть
wake — waked, waked; woke, woken, waking
freeze — froze, frozen, freezing
worry — worried, worried, worrying
die — died, died, dying
Ex. VI, p. 57
a) refuse — refusal prescribe — prescription pain — painful, painless
ache – headache, toothache, stomachache, earache, backache condition — conditional, unconditional – безоговорочный bare – barefooted), barelegged, bareheaded, bareheaded .barely like — likeness, alike, unlike
b) to read aloud — to read to oneself, to read silently in good condition — in bad condition
at the foot of the bed — at the head of the bed
at the foot of the mountain/page — at the head/top of
the mountain/page the girl had shoes on — the girl was barefoot the seat is occupied — the seat is vacant/free the trees are covered with leaves — the trees are bare to be asleep — to be awake
c) голый — naked, bare дрожать — to tremble, to shiver отказаться — to refuse, to give up
Unit Two PAGE23
Ex. VII, p. 57
a) —What hurts you?
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