Яков Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс

name that was given to them.)

64 There are several rivers in Britain that bear the name of Avon. The longest is the Bristol Avon flowing into the Bristol Channel,

but best known throughout the world is the one flowing into the Severn. On its banks, in Stradford-on-Avon, the greatest English

poet William Shakespeare (1564 -1616) was born and spent his youth.

Memory Work

The sea is calm to-night,

The tide is full, the moon lies fair

Upon the Straits; — on the French coast, the light

Gleams, and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,

Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.

Come to the window, sweet is the night air!

Only, from the long tine of spray

Where the ebb meets the moon-blanch'd sand,

Listen! you hear the grating roar

Of pebbles which the waves suck back, and fling,

At their return, up the high strand,

Begin, and cease, and then again begin,

With tremulous cadence slow, and bring

The eternal note of sadness in.

(From "Dover Beach" by Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)

VOCABULARY NOTES

1. vary υt/i 1. менять(ся); изменять(ся); разнообразить, е.g. Market prices often vary. I try

to vary my diet.

Syn. change

2. разниться, расходиться, е.g. Our opinions vary.

Syn. differ

Note: varyis to change or differ partially.

variant n вариант, е.g. This word has two spelling variants.

various adj (a noun in the singular is never used after it)

1. различный, разный, е.g. There are various reasons for my refusal.

2. разнообразный, е.g. I'll give you various exercises on that rule.

Syn. different, е.g. They are quite different people.

varied adj разнообразный (used with nouns both sing, and pi.), е.g. varied climate, scenery,

surface, temperature, opinions, sports, etc., е.g. The novel describes the varied career of an

adventurer.

variety n 1. разнообразие, е.g. You must have more variety in your food.

2. разновидность; вид, е.g. I've got some rare varieties of such stamps. There are some rare

varieties of leaf-bearing trees in the park.

variety-showварьете, эстрадный концерт

2. scene n 1. сцена, явление (в пьесе), е.g. The duel scene in "Hamlet" impressed us

greatly. Her acting was wonderful in the last scene.

2. место действия (в пьесе, в книге, в жизни), е.g. In the first act the scene is laid in

France. Trafalgar was the scene of a famous battle between the British fleet and the combined

French and Spanish fleets.

3. пейзаж, картина, зрелище, е.g. I like the way this writer describes rural scenes. You

could see awful scenes after the earthquake.

scenery n (uncountable) 1. декорация, е.g. The scenery was impressive in the last act. They

have almost no scenery in that play.; 2. пейзаж, ландшафт, е.g. I prefer plains to mountain scenery.

I looked out of the window enjoying the scenery.

3. shallow adj 1. мелкий, as shallow water, a shallow dish

Ant. deep

2. поверхностный, пустой; несерьезный, as a shallow mind, argument; shallow interests; a

shallow man, person

Ant. serious(about a person, book, argument), deep (love, feelings)

Note:the Russian word мелкий has different meanings which are rendered in English by

means of different words: 1) fine — состоящий из мелких частей, as fine sand, buckwheat, 2)

small — некрупный (о достоинстве монет), as small change (uncountable)', 3) flat —

неглубокий, почти плоский, as a flat pan (plate).

4. extreme adj 1. крайний (at or near the end or edge), as the extreme end (edge, border,

etc.), in the extreme North

2. чрезвычайный; чрезмерный, as extreme patience (love, kindness, interest)

extremely adv чрезвычайно, as to be extremely interested in smth., to be extremely sorry

for smb., smth., etc .

5. supply υt снабжать, е.g. In our hall the students are supplied with all the necessary

furniture and bedding. Who will supply the expedition with all the necessary equipment?

supply n (often pl) запас(ы), е.g. This shop has a large supply of winter coats.

to give a good supply of, е.g. These forests give a good supply of timber.

6. shape n форма, очертание, е.g. I don't like the shape of his nose. This sculpture hasn't

got much shape, I should say.

Syn. form, outline

in the shapeof, е.g. I want to get a brooch in the shape of a horseshoe.

shapeless adj бесформенный, е.g. He had a ragged coat and a shapeless hat on.

shapely adj красивой формы; стройный, хорошо сложенный, as a shapely figure

7. channel n канал, a stretch of water wider than a strait, joining two seas or separating two

bodies of land, as the English Channel, the Bristol Channel

Syn. 1. ca'nalканал — a channel for water made by man, not by nature, used for ships or for

carrying water to places that need it, as the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the Volga-Don Canal, the

Fergana Canal; 2. straitпролив — a narrow channel of water connecting two large bodies of water,

as the Magellan Strait, the Strait of Dover

8. value n ценность, значение, е.g. The literary value of that book is not great. I don't

believe you realize the value of his advice.

to be of great (little, some, no) value to smb., е.g. In some years his pictures will be of great

value. This book will be of no value in your studies.

value υt 1. ценить, дорожить, е.g. I greatly value his friendship.

Syn. appreciate(о)ценить высоко, по заслугам, е.g. We all appreciate a holiday after a

year of hard work. I greatly appreciate your kindness.

2. оценивать, е.g. He valued the house for me at £ 800.

valuable adj ценный, е.g. It's a valuable picture.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)

Words

advantage n

flow υ

shapely adj

canal n

harbour n

soil n

channel n

lonely adj

strait n

cliff n

manufacture n

supply υ

comparatively adv

plain n

valuable adj

crop n

plough υ

value υ, n

cultivate υ

rocky adj

varied adj

deer n

scene n

variety n

distinct adj

scenery n

various adj

eagle n

shallow adj

vary v

extreme adj

shape n

wander υ

extremely adv

shapeless adj

wheat n

Word Combinations

to the west (east, north; south) of

in the north (south, east, west)

within a few miles (metres, etc.) of

to separate smth. from smth.

to keep smth. from (cold,

regular in outline

heat, bad influence, etc.)

under wheat (rye ,etc.)

on the map

to flow into (the sea, lake, river)

to give a good supply of

owing to the shape (rain, etc.)

to flow (from, out of)

to be of great (little, some, no) value

EXERCISES

I. Read the text and do the following (A. Grammar, B. Word usage, C. Word-

formation):

A.1. Pick out all proper names and arrange them into two groups — nouns with the definite

article and without it; explain the use of the article. 2. Search the text for sentences with inversion.

Transform them into regular sentences and compare them with the original ones. Specify what kind

of inversion it is. 3. What tense group is predominant in the text and why?

B.1. Pick out all the adjectives that go together with the following nouns: sea, lake, river;

mountains, hills, cliffs; area, land, field, moors, upland, lowland. 2. Mark all the cases when nouns

are defined by two adjectives; comment on the word order; is it possible to change it? 3. Pick out all

the nouns defined by the adjective small; is it possible to use little instead? 4. Search the text for the

combinations of Adv +Adj ending in -ed, translate them into Russian and use them in sentences of

your own.

C.1. Pick out all the derivatives and classify them according to the suffix. 2. Search the text

for compounds and comment on their structure. 3. Pick out from the text all the words that have

homonyms. Spell, transcribe and classify them.

II. Write English equivalents of the following:

более миллиона тонн, миллионы людей, двести озер, глубиной 600 футов, сотни миль,

длина Темзы немногим больше 200 миль, сотни островков, общая площадь Великобритании

около 94 250 кв. миль или 244 000 кв. километров, население — 56 миллионов человек.

III. a) Make up a list of geographical names used in the text (mind the articles)

and transcribe them.

b) Transcribe and translate the following words:

advantage, canal, channel, comparatively, desolate, determine, estuary, extremely, glorious,

heather, indentation, manufacture, moor, navigable, occasionally, plough, scenery, strait, total, vague,

value, vary, wander, wheat, wind.

с) Translate the following verbs into English. Give their four forms:

пахать, течь, извиваться, меняться, бродить, ценить, снабжать, ломать,