Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 1 курс

Y En

ou g

Tli

hsh

e b

ydio

do

kye

not st

(d e

i rd

dn'a

t y

)l .T

e h

a e

ve stud

Mo en

scotsre

w b a

e d

g a

i

n l e

T tt

e e

xtro

1n

5 Mo

fini nd

sh a

t y

h .T

e h

l e

e

a

sson

monitorbroughta newspaperthe other day.Her parents

)

stay at homeyesterday, the other day. last week.

с)

T ab l e No. 2

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Our cousin My sister Her friendwas (not)reading a newspaper playing the piano

a listening to the newswhen he came, when I rang

)

her up. at that time.The girlswere (not)

b)youplaying chesswhen he returned?Weretheyhaving supperat that moment?

taking a shower

^STATEMENTS IN INDIRECT SPEECH

Tab l e No. 1 T H E PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

1. He said: "I am busy today."

He said (that) he was busy that day.

2. He said to me: "I know this young man." He told me that

he knew that young man.

SPELLING RULES

181

Regular verbs form the Past Indefinite Tense by adding the suffix -ed to the

infinitive. Observe the following spelling rules:

1. The mute -e is dropped before adding the suffix -ed: to taste —tasted.

2. The final consonant is doubled before the suffix -ed if it is preceded by a

vowel letter expressing a short stressed vowel sound: to stop — stopped.

3. The final -1is doubled if it is preceded by a vowel letter expressing a short

vowel sound: to travel — travelled.

4. The final -y is changed into i before adding the suffix -ed if it is preceded

by a consonant letter: to try — tried.

5. The letter -r is doubled if the final syllable is stressed: pre'fer — preferred,

but 'offer — 'offered.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Study Substitution Tables No.1, 2 and compose as manysen tences as you can.

II. Spell and transcribe the four forms of the following verbs:

tell, go, come, walk, give, take, put, say, speak, hear, see, read, write, finish,

begin, make, show, enter, teach, study, find, get, leave, stay, pay, eat, drink, prefer,

ask, answer, pass, stop, prepare, travel, examine, offer, plan, carry, occur, quarrel.

III.

Express the idea in the past (change the adverbials if necessary):

1. My sister works hard at her English this year. 2. They must write many

exercises at home. 3. The students speak only English at the lesson. 4. Our lessons

begin at 12 on Thursday. 5. Our family gets up at 8 o'clock on Sunday. 6.1 usually

prepare my homework in the morning. 7. Before going to bed I can rest for half an

hour and listen to the news. 8. We often have to work together. 9. We gather at the

club every Saturday. 10. The girl reads about 20 pages every day. 11. In the

morning she takes a cold shower, dries herself on the towel and cleans her teeth

before she puts on her clothes. 12. We don't understand these words. 13. The boys

do morning exercises every day. 14. Why don't you turn off the cassette-recorder

when you leave the room? 15. How long does it take you to get to the theatre? —

It takes me half an hour to get there.

IV. Give the interrogative and negative forms of the following

sentences:

1. Ann got a good mark yesterday. 2. We translated the text two days ago. 3.

He was translating the text at that time. 4. He

came home late last night. 5. She finished her work half an hour ago. 6. They

had breakfast at 8.7. They were waiting for us then,

8. My friend saw this film last week. 9. He was looking at the people in the

hall. 10. There was a mistake in his test. 11. Ann was having dinner at six o'clock.

1 2. They had to take four exams,

182

V.

Answer the following questions:

1. Have you bought this book? 2. When did you buy it? 3, Have you seen this

play? 4. When did you see it? 5. Have you made this dress yourself? 6. When did

you make it? 7, What were you doing at 7 last night? 8. Were you knitting at that

moment? 9. What were you reading when I entered? 10, What were you singing

when he came? 11. Why were you laughing when you saw him? 12. Why was the

baby crying? 13. What were you doing when we rang you up? 14. What were they

writing when the teacher entered? 15, What was he listening to when you called

him? 16. What were you reading when the door-bell rang? 17. Where were you

going to when I stopped you? 18. Where was the boy running when you saw him?

VI,

Use the following sentences in indirect speech:

1. He said: "I want to see you today." 2. She said: "I am free tonight. May I

come to see you?" 3. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 4. The students of

Group 106 said to us: "We have four exams this spring." 5. The pupil said to the

teacher: "I can do my homework after dinner." 6. The teacher said: "You work

hard, I know. You are a good boy." 7. The teacher said to the students: "We have

18 hours of English a week." 8. The dean said at the meeting: "The first-year

students must work well."

9. The girl asked: "May I wait for my friend here?" 10. She said: "Are you

going to the club together?" 11. The old man said to her: "You can sing perfectly."

12. My sister said to me: "You look very well, I hope you are all right?" 13. The

girl said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 14. Some of our students said to

him: "You are not right. You don't work hard enough."

15.

He said to us: "I agree, I don't always work systematically,"

16.

My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day."

17.

"You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," my guest said.

VII.

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense-form:

1. They (to go) to the Maly Theatre last week. 2. They (to be) to the theatre

twice this week. 3. He (to come) home, (to have) a short rest, (to read) an article

from the latest magazine and (to begin) to prepare his lessons. 4. When (to return)

your friend from the South? — She (to return) yesterday. — You (to go) to the

station to meet her? — No, I(can) not. I(to be) too busy. 5. With whom (to

discuss) you this question yesterday? 6. I (to see) this film this week and I like it

very much. 7. When I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at

the table and (to cut) some cabbage. She (to cook) dinner. 8. As soon as I (to hear)

a cry I (to run) out of the room and (to see) that the child (to lie) on the ground

and (to cry). "What (to happen)? (To hurt) you yourself?" 9. I(to want) to get

tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre. — You (to want) to hear the new opera? (Not to

hear) you it yet? 10. What (to go) you to do? — Now I (to go) to have a bite. I (to

have) not any dinner today. 11. As soon as I (to see) him, I (to understand) that he

183

(to work) hard. He (to think) of something very important for him and (not to

notice) anything. 12, Your brother (to return) from the North? — Yes, he (to

come) two days ago. 13. (To be) you to the Crimea? When (to be) you there? — I

(to stay) there for two months in 1979. I (to remember) I (to like) everything

there, and most of all I (to like) the sea.

VIII.

a) Compose sentences of your own using have { h a d ) to in the affirmative,

interrogative and negative forms, b) Ask one another questions and answer them as in the

models.

M o d e l 1: Didhe have toprepare for his entrance exams? — Yes, he had to

take four exams.

M o d e l 2: Didhe have towait long? — No, he didn'thave to stay there.

TEXT 1 OUR UNIVERSITY

( A Letter)

Dear Helen,

Don't be angry withme for my long silence,but really I was too busy to

write.

As you know, I left schoolin June and began to prepare for my entrance

examsto the University. As both my mother and father are teachers I have made

up my mindto be a teacher too. I think teaching is a noble profession.

I had to take four examsand passed all of them with excellent marks.So I'm

glad to tell you that now I'm a first-year student at the Moscow State Teacher

TrainingUniversity.

I should like to show you the main building of our University. I can't help

admiringthis fine old building with its beautiful columns. The first students

entered it more than 120 years ago.

It goes without sayingwe, students, are very proudof this fact.