Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 1 курс

dashes or curves.

A dash represents a level tone. _ A downward curve represents

the final fall. *\

' An upward curve represents the final rise.

Two parallel lines (staves) represent the upper and the lower

limits of human voice or the range of the voice. _________________

The temporal component of intonation can be indicated graphically only as

far as pauses are concerned.

Two vertical bars 11 denote a long pause, which usually occurs at the end of

a sentence.

A single vertical bar | denotes a short pause inside a sentence.

FUNDAMENTAL INTONATION PATTERNS AND THEIR 11Щ

Section One

Intonation Pattern I

(LOW PRE-HEAD + ) LOW FALL ( + TAIL)

M o d e l s : Pvejust seen Tom. vWhere? "\

Whose book is this? ^Mary's, I .think. \ ^

What's his job? He's a xdoctor.

Stress-and-tone marks in the text: Low Fall: |v | Half-

stressed syllables: |, |

Unstressed syllables have no graphic indication in the text.

The Low Fall in the nucleus starts from the mid-level or lower and usually

reaches the lowest level.

The unstressed syllabtes which form the tail are pronounced on the lowest

level pitch. The unstressed syllables forming the pre-head are pronounced either

on the low level pitch or rise gradually.

This intonation pattern is used:

l . I n s t a t e m e n t s , final,categoric,calm,reserved.

e. gr. Whose book is this? It's ^Mother's.

—

2.I n s p e c i a l q u e s t i o n s , calm, serious, fliat, reserved, very

often unsympathetic.

e. gr. One book is missing. — vWhich?

3.I n i m p e r a t i v e s , calm,unemotional,serious.

е. д. Г11 send it to him. — xDon't.

How can I get in touch with Nick? — vPhone him.

4. I n e x c l a m a t i o n s , calm, unsurprised, reserved.

e. g. Would you like an apple? —vThank you. He's just

arrived. —vFine!

EXERCISES

LOW FALL ONLY

M o d e l : vYes. "*\

1. ap Listen carefully to the Concentrate your attention on the

Verbal Context

Can you come tomorrow? Whose book is this?

When can you do it? Where does he come from?

What subject do you prefer? What's your name?

following conversational situations, intonation of the replies.

Drill S t a t e m e n t s (final, categoric, calm, reserved)

Yes.

Mine.

Yours.

His.

Jack's.

John's.

Tom's.

Anne's.

Now.

Soon.

France.

Spain.

Wales.

French.

Maths.

Smith.

Jones.

Brown.

1 Material for exercises marked with one asterisk is borrowed from the book by J. D

O'Connor, G. F Arnold "Intonation of Colloquial English", L , 1956, 1973

Take only one of them.

Just tell him.

Make them at once.

I saw a friend of yours today.

Borrow someone's dictionary.

Would you mind calling your dog ?

Shall we have another game?

He's just arrived.

S p e c i a l q u e s t i o n s

(calm, flat, reserved, serious, very often unsympathetic)

Which?

What?

How?

Who?

Whose?

I m p e r a t i v e s

(calm, unemotional, serious) Heel. Sit.

Down. Here. Let's.

E x c l a m a t i o n s

(calm, unsurprised) Oh! Right! Good! Fine!

b) Listen to the replies and repeat them in the intervals.Make your voice fall as

low as possible, c) Listen to the verbal context and reply in the interval.

LOW FALL + TAIL

M o d e l : Yes,, Mary. ^\

x

0 #

2. a) Listen carefully to the following conversational situations* Concentrate your

attention on the intonation of the replies:

Verbal Context Drill

S t a t e m e n t s

(final, categoric, calm, reserved)

Where do you come from? India.

Poland.

Sweden.

Denmark.

Italy.

Norway.

Holland.

England.

Scotland.

Ireland.

How old are you? Seven.

Twenty.

Thirty.

Forty.

Will you send it to me?

Yes, sir.

No, John. Gladly, madam. Certainly, professor.

S p e c i a l q u e s t i o n s

(calm, serious, flat, reserved, very often

unsympathetic)

Pass me that box, Joan.

He's away quite often.

She's got something in her eye.

He's broken a window.

Which box? How often? Which eye? Who has? Whose window? Whose

window, may I ask? Whose window has he broken?

I m p e r a t i v e s (calm, unemotional, serious)

How can I get in touch with Miles? Phone him.

Wire him. Write to him.

E x c l a m a t i o n s

(calm, unsurprised) T h a n k y o u .

Would you like an apple? N o n s e n s e ! R u b b i s h ! P i t y !

Oh, I'm cold.

I've lost my ball.

b) Listen to the replies and repeat them in the intervals. Make your voice fall as low

as possible. Do not forget to blend the words together, c) Listen to the verbal context

and reply in the interval.

LOW PRE-HEAD 4- LOW FALL ( + TAIL)

Model: He's a vteacher. 1f

3. a)* Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concentrate your

attention on the intonation of the replies:

Verbal Context

Whose pen is this?

Drill

S t a t e m e n t s

(final, categoric, calm, reserved)

Patricia's. Diana's. Elizabeth's. It's mine. It's Freddie's. It's Christine's. It's

Susan's.

Someone'11 have to do it. You'll find it in the drawer.

It's my book.

What shall I do with these figures?

Did you lock the back door? I'm afraid I've got a cold.

S p e c i a l q u e s t i o n s (cairn, serious, flat, reserved, very often

unsympathetic) Butwho? In which drawer?

I m p e r a t i v e s

(calm, unemotional, serious)

Well, take it then. Divide them. Remember them.

E x c l a m a t i o n s

(calm, unsurprised) Of course. No wonder.

b) Listen to the replies and repeat them in the intervals. Make your voice fall as low

as possible. Do not forget to blend the words together, c) Listen to the verbal context

and reply in the interval.

4. In order to fix Intonation Pattern I in your mind, ear and speech habits repeat all

the replies yourself until they sound perfectly natural to you. See that your Russian

pronunciation habits do not interfere.

5. Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies. Tell him what his errors in

intonation are.

6. Listen to your teacher reading the verbal context below. Reply by using one of the

drill sentences. Pronounce it with Intonation Pattern I. Say what attitude you mean to

render:

Verbal Context Drill

Is your brother in?

Yes.

Have you any cousins?

No.

Whose exercise book is this?

Mine.

How old is your brother?

Ten.

How old are you ?

Twenty.

May we go?

No, girls.

May I go?

Yes, Betty.

Who is on duty today?

May I switch off the cassette-recorder?

Who is absent today?

Whose book is this?

When is he coming?

Where is your sister?

May I ask you a question ?

Can I help you with the test?

What's your uncle's job?

Where's Ann?

Where do you come from ?

Why do you stay here so long?

Where is your teacher?

Will you give me your book?

Will you switch on the cassette-recorder?

May I go and see him ?

I've got a new flat.

I'm afraid I can't leave at once.

Pass me the book, Tom.

He is on duty very often.

Will you bring the cassette?

One book is missing.

Someone'11 have to do it.

I must go now.

I'll stop him.

What do you want me to do? What shall I do now? How can I get in touch

with him? It's my book.