Рут Гудман - Как жить в эпоху Тюдоров. Повседневная реальность в Англии ХVI века

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Речь идет о том, что лишь Англия и Уэльс были в то время действительно политически едины. — Прим. науч. ред.

Здесь и далее речь о probate inventories , описях имущества, которые составлялись после смерти человека при утверждении завещания в специальном суде ( probate court ). — Прим. науч. ред.

В русской традиции этот род травянистых растений называют подмаренником из-за его красящих свойств. — Прим. перев.

1 дюйм равен 2,54 см . — Здесь и далее, если не указано иное, прим. ред.

Совокупность исторических областей на территории современных Нидерландов, Бельгии, Люксембурга и части Северной Франции. — Прим. науч. ред.

At five of the clocke, without delay, / Use commonly to ryse: / And give God thanks for thy good rest / When thou openest thyne eyes. / Pray him also to prosper thee, / And thyne affayres in deede / The better shalte thou speede.

A first thy Poet, never let him lacke / A comely cleanly Shirt unto his backe. / Cleane Linnen, is my Mistris, and my Theme.

Remember that your laundress paines is great, / When labours only keep you sweet and neat… / By her thy linnen’s sweet and clenely drest, / Else thou would’st stink above ground like a beast.

Пер. А. Лукьянова. Оригинал: The sacred Muse that firste made love devine / Hath made him naked and without attyre / But I will cloth him with this penn of myne / That all the world his fashion shall admire / His hatt of hope, his band of beautye fine / His cloake of crafte, his doublet of desire / Greife for a girdell, shall aboute him twyne / His pointes of pride, his Ilet holes of yre.

Ярд равен ок. 0,91 м.

Фунт равен ок. 0,45 кг.

Прядильщица, старая дева ( англ. ). — Прим. перев.

The Monmouth cap, the sailor’s thrum, / And that wherein the tradesman come, / The physic, law and cap divine, / The same that crowns the muses nine, / The cap that fools do countenance, / The goodly cap of maintenance, / And any cap, whate’re it bee, / Is still the sign of some degree.

Имеется в виду Акт об изготовлении шапок 1571 г.: The Statutes of the Realm. L., 1819. Vol. 4. Pt. 1. P. 555 (13 Eliz. P. 19). — Прим. науч. ред.

Цит. по: Аксёнов И.А. Елизаветинцы. Статьи и переводы. М., ГИХЛ, 1938. Оригинал: Flat caps as proper are to city gowns, / As to armours helmets, or to kings their crowns.

Картина, заказанная в честь дарования хартии гильдии цирюльников-хирургов в 1540 г., была написана, как считается, несколько позже — около 1542–1543 гг.

Хранилище и архив Музея Виктории и Альберта в Лондоне. — Прим. перев.

Втор. 22:5.

Парлет (partlet) — накидка, прикрывающая шею и плечи.

1 унция равна ок. 28,3 г.

Пер. Б. Томашевского.

Миля равна ок. 1,6 км.

Your cap put off, / Salute those you meet; / In giving the way / To such as pass by.

September is come, and therefore applie, / In lande that is stronge, to sowe wheat and rie, / Nowe reape up your barlie, least that it be lost, / Youre beanes and your peasome, to quite care and coste, / Remeberinge allwaies, the age of the moon, / So shall you do nothine, to laite or to soone.

Breke egges in bassyn and swing hem some, / Do powder of peper ther to anone / Then grynde tansy, the juce outwring / To blynde with yo egges without lessinge / In pan or skelet thou shalt hit frye / In butter wele skymmet wyterly.

A hundreth good pointes of husbandry, / Maintaineth good household, with huswifry. / Housekeeping and husbandry, if it be good: / Must love one another like cousinnes in blood.

Keepe even your letters at foote, and at heade; / Wyth distance a lyke between letter and letter; / One out of others shows much the better. / Scholer to learne it may do you pleasure, / To rule hym two lynes just of a measure; / Those two lynes between to write verie juste, / Not above or belowe that he must…

Чай в Англии, вероятнее всего, начали активно употреблять столетием позже. Здесь пока речь шла о «перерывах на питье». — Прим. науч. ред.

Пинта равна ок. 0,568 л, бушель — ок. 36 л.

Waterforow thy ground / That rain when it cummeth, may runne away round. / The diches kept skowered, the hedge clad with torne; / Doth well to drain water, and saveth the corne.

Акр равен ок. 4048 кв. м.

But huswives, that learne not to make their owne cheese; / With trusting of others, have this for their fees. / Their milke slapt in corners, their creame all so sost [soured]; / Their milk panes so soltie, that their cheeses be lost.

Come butter come / Come butter come / Peter stands at the gate / Waiting for a buttered cake / Come butter come.

My wyff in dede ys a sylke woman be her occupacion, / And lynen clothe moste cheffly was here greatyste trayd, / And at fearis and merkyttes she solde sale-war that she made, / As sherttes, smockys, partlyttes, hede clotthes, and other thingges, / As sylke threde, and eggynges, shurte banddes, and strings.

Пер. Е. Бируковой.

Пер. Т. Щепкиной-Куперник.

In meadow or pasture, to grow the more fine, / Let campers be camping in any of thine; / Which if ye do suffer when low in the spring, / You gain to yourself a commodious thing.

A time there is for all, my mother often says, / When she, with skirts tucked very high, / With girls at stool ball plays.

Halfe torne Jone, haffe nowe, Jocke! / Well dansyde, be sent Dennye! / And he that breakys the firste stroke, / Sall gyve the pyper a pennye. / In with fut, Robson! Owt with fut, Byllynge! / Here wyll be good daunsynge believe

Good fellows must go to learne to daunce / Thy brydeal is full nere a / There is a brall come out of France, / The tryxt ye harde this yeare a / For I must leape, and thou must hoppe / And we must turne all three a / The fourth must bounce it lyke a toppe, / And so we shall agree a / I praye thee, mynstrall, make no stoppe / For we wyll merye be a.

What shall I call those current traverses, / That on a triple dactyl foot do run / Close by the ground with sliding passages? / Wherein that dancer greatest praise hath won / Which with best order can all order shun; / For everywhere he wantonly must range / And turn and wind with unexpected change.

Пер. В.В. Лунина.

Frumenty, от лат. frumentum — так часто называли любое зерно. — Прим. перев.

Галлон равен ок. 4,54 л.

Английская мера сыпучих тел, равная 8 бушелям. — Прим. перев.

Пер. М.Л. Лозинского.

Long the proud Spaniard advanced to conquer us / Thretening our Country with fire and sworde / Often preparing their nay most sumptuous / With all provision that Spain could afford / Dub, a dub, dub, dub, thus spake our drums / Tan tara, tan tara the Englishman comes…

Now quoth the noble Earl, Courage my souldiers all / Fight and be valiant and spoyle you shall have…

Entering the houses then of the richest men / For gold and treasure we search’d each day / Dub, a dub, dub, dub, thus spake our drums / Tan tara, tan tara the Englishman comes.