Ричард Грант - Английский язык. Теория и практика. Модальные глаголы

Упражнение 23

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Неужели вам уже надо уходить? 2. Наверное, она потеряла мой адрес. 3. Должно быть, идет дождь. 4. Вы не должны делать заметки в книгах. 5. Она, должно быть, слишком разборчива в еде. 6. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 7. Я должен признать, что я неправ. Что еще я должен сделать? 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, это здесь. 10. Сегодня я должна помогать маме. 11. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи. 12. Вероятно, он все рассказал на суде. 13. Должно быть, он прав. 14. Не беспокойся! Это неважно. – Неважно! Ты, должно быть, шутишь!

Упражнение 24

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must.

Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. – I must have left my textbook in the classroom.

1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape recorder. 3. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 4. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning. 5. He is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 6. Where are the children? – They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having a very good time. 7. Evidently she has left the town. 8. Probably I left my bag in the canteen. 9. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 10. Probably he was taken there by car. 11. It is probably time to go now. 12. He has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 13. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers’ room. 14. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus.

Упражнение 25

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Probably he recognized you by your photo in the papers. 2. Probably they have changed the school curriculum. My granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 3. She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 5. Probably Mary forgot to call me. 6. He is sure to be in at this time. 7. It is probably a very difficult rule. 8. Look! Helen’s windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 9. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 10. Probably mother took my umbrella. 11. Of course, she is trying to help you. 12. I am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 13. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match. 14. Evidently they have solved the problem.

Упражнение 26

Перефразируйте следующие предложения , употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me. 2. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 3. You have probably read books of this author before. 4. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their essay. 5. Probably he was already ill. 6. I feel sure they are preparing a surprise for us. 7. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 8. There is little doubt that the first experiment failed. 9. These old legends were probably made up about a thousand years ago. 10. Evidently the meeting was cancelled. 11. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 12. It is probably nine o’clock now. 13. Evidently he forgot to send her a birthday card. 14. I am sure she is fond of the child. 15. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry.

Упражнение 27

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. She must ( to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her more money. 2. You look fresh! You must ( to have) a good sleep at night. 3. Your mathematics is very poor. You must ( to work) on it in summer. 4. You look very tired. You must ( to have) a good sleep at night. 5. They must ( to be) upset when they heard the news. 6. Не knows mathematics much better than he did last year. He must ( to work) a lot in summer. 7. Where is Peter? – Oh, he must ( to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very difficult exam. 8. You must ( to come) and ( to visit) us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 9. You must ( to study) English for several years already. Your language is excellent. 10. It’s the third time he’s been playing the piano today. He must really ( to enjoy) it. 11. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must ( to snow) at night. 12. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman. It must ( to snow) heavily. 13. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow. It must ( to snow) for several hours already.

Модальные

глаголы

– Have to/Have got to

Модальный глагол have to имеет следующие формы:

Present Indefinite

Утвердительная форма

I have to go. – Я должен идти .

She has to go. – Она должна идти .

Отрицательная форма

I do not have to go. – Я не должен идти.

She does not have to go. – Она не должна идти .

Вопросительная форма

Do I have to go? – Я должен идти?

Does she have to go? – Она должна идти ?

Past Indefinite

Утвердительная форма

I had to go. – Я должен был идти .

She had to go. – Она должна была идти .

Отрицательная форма

I did not have to go. – Я не должен был идти.

She did not have to go. – Она не должна была идти .

Вопросительная форма

Did I have to go? – Я должен был идти?

Did she have to go? – Она должна была идти ?

Future Indefinite

Утвердительная форма

I will have to go. – Я должен буду идти .

She will have to go. – Она должна будет идти .

Отрицательная форма

I will not have to go. – Я не должен буду идти.

She will not have to go. – Она не должна будет идти .

Вопросительная форма

Will I have to go? – Я должен буду идти?

Will she have to go? – Она должна будет идти ?

Модальный глагол have to употребляется для выражения обязанности или необходимости (в утвердительной и вопросительной форме) или отсутствия обязанности и необходимости (в отрицательной форме) в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени.

При этом есть некоторое различие между значениями must и have to в Рrеsent Indefinite: глагол must выражает необходимость или обязанность с точки зрения говорящего без выражения оттенка недовольства этой обязанностью/необходимостью. Глагол have to выражает необходимость, зависящую от внешних условий, часто противоречащую желанию говорящего:

I must learn this роеm, I like it very much. – Я должен выучить это стихотворение, оно мне очень нравится.

I don’t like this poem but I have to learn it. – Мне не нравится это стихотворение, но мне придется его выучить.

В разговорной речи в значении глаголов must и hаvе to часто употребляется модальный глагол hаvе got to, имеющий только форму настоящего времени:

Wе have got to finish this job by three. – Мы должны закончить эту работу к трем часам.

Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.