Марк Холлингсуорт - Лондонград. Из России с наличными. Истории олигархов из первых рук

32. Naomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, Allen Lane, 2007, p. 249.

33. Interviewed in Counterpunch, 27 February 2004.

34. ‘Question Time’, BBC Television, 7 June 2007.

35. M. E. de Boyrie, S. J. Pak and J. S. Zdanowicz, ‘Estimating the Magnitude of Capital Flight Due to Abnormal Pricing in International Trade. The Russia-US Case’, CIBER Working Paper, Florida International University, 2004.

36. Michael Freedman, ‘Welcome to Londongrad’, Forbes Global, 23 May 2005; see R. Skidelsky, St Petersburg Times, 4 January 2003; David Satter, Darkness at Dawn: The Rise of the Russian Criminal State, Yale University Press, 2003, p. 55.

37. Thomas L. Friedman, New York Times, 19 April 2000.

38. Nick Kochan, The Washing Machine, Duckworth, 2005, p. 17.

39. C. Freeland, Sale of the Century, Abacus, 2005, p. 180.

40. S. F. Cohen, Failed Crusade, Norton, 2000, p. 122.

41. ‘Why I Became a Russian Oligarch’, Financial Times, 29 June 2000.

42. Quoted in Observer, 30 August 1998.

1. A. Goldfarb with M. Litvinenko, Death of a Dissident, Simon & Schuster, 2007, p. 206.

2. Vladimir Voinovich, ‘Russia’s Blank Slate’, Neco York Times, 30 March 2000.

3. D. Midgley and C. Hutchins, Abramovich: The Billionaire from Nowhere, HarperCollins, 2004, p. 114.

4. East Constitutional Review, vol. 19, no. 4, Fall 2000.

5. Moscow Times, 7 October 2003. Notes

6. Goldfarb with Litvinenko, op. cit., p. 183.

7. Adi Ignattius, ‘A Tsar is Born’, Time, vol. 170, no. 27, 31 December 2007.

8. J. Laughland, ‘Putin Has Been Vilified by the West — but He is Still a Great Leader’, Daily Mail, 22 September 2007.

9. Vladimir Isachenkov, ‘New Putin Biography on Shelves’, Associated Press, 17 January 2002.

10. R. Polonsky, ‘The Spy Who Came in from the Cold’, New Statesman, 15 March 2004.

11. Speaking to the Frontline Club, 6 June 2007.

12. Ignattius, op. cit.

13. Goldfarb with Litvinenko, op. cit., p. 135.

14. ‘Leaders: Putin’s People, Russia’s Government’, The Economist, 25 August 2007.

15. Labour Minister Sergey Kalashnikov, news conference, 27 October 1999.

16. Interview with Anatoly Chubais, Der Spiegel, 25 September 2007.

17. Speaking on ‘Rich in Russia’, Frontline, PBS, October 2003.

18. ‘Aeroflot, an Oligarch and a Complex Business Deal’, Financial Times, 28 July 2000.

19. P. Klebnikov, Godfather of the Kremlin, Harcourt, 2000, pp. 286-7.

20. Goldfarb with Litvinenko, op. cit., p. 181.

21. Ibid., p. 182.

22. David E. Hoffman, The Oligarchs, Public Affairs, 2002, p. 487.

23. Goldfarb with Litvinenko, op. cit., p. 206.

24. Klebnikov, op. cit., p. 16.

25. Simon Bell, ‘Russian Billionaires Beware’, Daily Telegraph, 27 July 2003.

26. ‘Particulars of Claim: Boris Berezovsky v Roman Abramovich’, Commercial Court, High Court, 8 January 2008.

27. G. York, ‘Kremlin Tightens Muzzle on Media’, Toronto Globe & Mail, 21 November 2000.

28. Vanity Fair,Ju\y 2000.

1. Jamestown news service, Eurasian Monitor, vol. 6, issue 214,15 November 2000.

2. A. Goldfarb with M. Litvinenko, Death of a Dissident, Simon & Schuster, 2007, p. 237.

3. R. Kay, Daily Mail, 4 September 2008.

4. Patrick E. Tyler, ‘Russian Says Kremlin Faked “Terror Attacks’ ”, New York Times, 1 February 2002.

5. Ibid.

1. Keith Dovkants, Evening Standard, 3 March 2008.

2. G. Tett, ‘Russian Money Aids a Bear Market’, Financial Times, 7 February 1994.

З, C. Freeland, Sale of the Century, Abacus, 2005, p. 158.

4. Quoted in R Lashmar, et al., ‘Russians in London’, Independent on Sunday, 12 September 1999.

5. Evening Standard, 11 March 2002.

6. Blavatnik was born in Russia but is now an American citizen.

7. Knight Frank and Citi Bank, Annual Wealth Report, 2007; the rise in the relative prices in London compared to New York partly reflects the heavy depreciation in the dollar in the last three years. Had the dollar remained stable, New York would now be worth around a quarter more in pounds per square foot.

8. Knight Frank, Country Review, 2007.

1. Quoted in Sun, 6 August 2007.

2. Quoted in Financial Times, 27 November 2004.

3. D. Midgley and C. Hutchins, Abramovich: The Billionaire from Nowhere, HarperCollins, 2004, p. 13.

4. Quoted in G. Rayner and O. Koster, ‘Putin “Told Roman to Clean Up His Act’”, Daily Mail, 15 March 2007.

5. Dominic Midgley, Spectator, 8 October 2005.

6. Observer, 24 December 2006.

7. T. Walker and R. Eden, ‘Roman’s Candle’, Sunday Telegraph, 29 October 2006.

8. Quoted in A. Blundy, ‘Cash and Caviar’, Guardian, 8 September 1994.

9. Quoted in L. Thomas, ‘Rich Russians Go on London Spending Spree’, Sunday Times, 13 February 1994.

10. Quoted in C. Toomey, ‘The Tsars Come Out to Play’, Sunday Times, 23 April 2006.

11. Quoted in Stefanie Marsh, The Times, 13 July 2006.

12. Quoted in K. Murphy, ‘Ruble Rousers’, New Republic, 4 February 2007.

13. A. Akbar and A. Osborne, ‘Harvey Nichols Goes East, Independent, 16 April 2005.

14. Quoted in Thomas, op. cit.

15. Ibid.

16. Quoted in V. Groskop, ‘Tsar Attractions’, Guardian, 19 August 2005.

17. Vogue, November 2006.

18. Financial Times, 8 October 2005.

1. International Herald Tribune, 10 March 2007.

2. Quoted in M. Taylor, ‘Salesroom Records Tumbled in a Frenetic Week’, Guardian, 23 June 2007.

3. G. Barker, ‘Party Could Run and Run’, Evening Standard, 9 February 2007.

4. Abigail Asher, Spear’s Wealth Management Survey, Art and Collecting Special, Spring 2007.

5. The Times, 22 August 2006.

6. Asher, op. cit.

7. Express on Sunday, 24 June 2007.

8. Quoted in The Times, 9 June 2007.

9. Ibid.

10. William Hazlitt, Political Essays, 1819.

11. Mike Von Joel, ‘After the Second Home, Mistress and Boat — an Art Collection, That’s the Thing’, State of Art, Spring 2007.

12. Ibid.

13. 'The Great Russian Art Boom’, Channel 4, 28 September 2008.

14. Ibid.

15. The Times, 22 August 2006.

16. Ian Cobain, ’Usmanov’s responses to Guardian questions’, www.guardian.co.uk, 19 November 2007.

17. See note 1.

18. Andrew Osborn, Independent on Sunday , 11 June 2006.

19. Vogue, November 2006.

20. Stefanie Marsh, The Times, 13 July 2006.

21. Mail on Sunday, 18 March 2007.

22. Quoted in Sunday Times, 13 July 2008.

23. Anna Politkovskaya, A Russian Diary, Harvill Seeker, 2007, p. 43.

24. Guardian, 27 February 2003.

25. Mineweb, 15 January 2007.

1. Michael Gillard, ‘From the Kremlin to Knightsbridge’, BBC Radio 4, November 2006.

2. Alan Cowell, The Terminal Spy, Doubleday, 2008, p. 174.

3. Russian money-laundering: hearings before the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, US House of Representatives, 21–22 September 1999, p. 191. Notes

4. Khodorkovsky owned 28 per cent of Menatep, which, in turn, owned most of Yukos.

5. Thomas Catan, Financial Times, 16 May 2004.

6. Lucy Komisar, ‘Yukos Kingpin on Trial’, CorpWatch, 10 May 2005.

7. Gillard, op. cit.

8. Quoted in Mail on Sunday, 23 November 2003.

9. Gillard, op. cit.

10. Trade was another widely used means of siphoning off large volumes of money and defrauding Russia. Exporters would report selling at a price well below the actual price received and the difference would be stashed away in foreign bank accounts. Maria E. de Boyrie, Simon J. Pak and John S. Zdanowicz, ‘Estimating the Magnitude of Capital Flight due to Abnormal Pricing in International Trade: the Russia-USA Case’, Center for International Business and Educational Research Working Paper, Florida University, 2004.

11. Lucy Komisar, “While Washington Denies Any Problem, Swiss Probe “Missing” $4.8 Billion Loan to Russia’, Pacific News Service, 16 October 2000.

12. Simon Pirani, ‘Oligarch? No, I’m Just an Oil Magnate’, Observer, 4 June 2000.

13. Guardian, 15 December 2001.

14. ‘The Tycoon and the President’, The Economist, 21 May 2005.

15. Valentine Low, ‘Russian Oil Baron Builds JlOm Bridge with West’, Evening Standard, 11 December 2001.

16. Guardian, 15 December 2001.

17. Lucy Komisar, ‘Yukos Kingpin on Trial’, CorpWatch, 10 May 2005.

18. Rachel Campbell-Johnston, ‘Walpole’s Coming Home’, The Times, 2 October 2002.

19. Rob Blackhurst, New Statesman, 31 January 2005.

20. Andrew Jack, Inside Putin’s Russia, Granta, 2005, p. 213. Londongrad

21. Jack, op. rit, p. 310.

22. Quoted in Financial Times, 13 November 2003.

23. Quoted in Marshall Goldman, ‘The Rule of Outlaws Is Over’, Transition Newsletter, Vol. 14/15, 2004.

24. Kim Sengupta, Independent, 20 July 2004.

25. Spectator, 8 October 2005.

26. Sengupta, op. cit.

27. Quoted in A. Higgins and S. Liesman, ‘Markets Under Siege’, Wall Street Journal Europe, 24 September 1998.

28. Quoted in Nick Kochan, ‘Mammon: Russia’s Unorthodox Exile’, Observer, 26 March 2006.

29. Standard Schaefer, ‘Russia: Reforming the Reformers,’ Counterpunch, 27 February 2004.

30. Pirani, op. cit.

31. Schaefer, op. cit.

32. Paul Starobin, ‘A Russian’s Plea to Back America’, Business Week, 14 March 2003.

33. Quoted in Independent, 12 January 2007.

34. Paul Klebnikov, Wall Street Journal, 17 November 2003.

35. See note 1.

36. Quoted in Peter Baker and Susan Glasser, ‘How Democracy Was Rolled Back in Russia’, Wall Street Journal, 8 June 2005.

37. ‘Key Shareholder in YUKOS Granted Israeli Citizenship’, Haaretz, 5 November 2003.

1. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand, Random House, 2003, p. 207.

2. Quoted in ‘Worldbeaters’, New Internationalist, December 2003.

3. The Russian Godfathers: The Fugitive, Oxford Productions, BBC2, 8 December 2005.

4. David Charter and Philip Webster, 'Groucho Trips up the G8 Spin Doctors’, The Times, 13 July 2006.

5. New Perspective Quarterly, September 2004.