Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' loc. cit. p. 224.

Franke, Geschichte iv p. 290.

Franke, Geschichte v p. 137; JR II p. 1139.

Barfield, Perilous Frontier p. 198.

Grousset, Empire p. 259.

У автора — Коден . — Прим. пер .

Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' loc. cit. pp. 226–230.

Franke, Geschichte iv pp. 291–303, 350; d'Ohsson, Histoire II pp. 78–84.

Henthorn, Korea, p. 53; Kuno, Japanese Expansion ii. pp. 387–393; Hazard, Japanese Marauders.

Henthorn, Korea, pp. 61–68, 93–94; G. Ledyard, 'The Mongol Campaign in Korea and the dating of the Secret History of the Mongols,' Central Asiatic Journal 9 (1964) pp. 1–22.

Yule & Cordier, Marco Polo, II. pp. 180–181.

Henthorn, Korea pp. 68–75, 93–99; Louis Hambis, 'Notes sur l'histoire de Coree a l'epoque mongole,' T'oung Pao 45 (1957) рр. 151–218.

Hans Sagaster, 'The History of Buddhism among the Mongols,' in Heirman & Bumbacher, Spread of Buddhism pp. 379–432; Paul Ratchnevsky, 'Die Mongolische Grosskhane und die buddhistische Kirche,' Asiatica: Festchrift F. Weller (1954) pp. 489–504.

Allsen, Royal Hunt p. 23.

Henthorn, Korea pp. 92–101.

Allsen, Culture and Conquest p. 53; Atwood, Encyclopedia p. 319.

Turrel J. Wylie, 'The First Mongol Conquest of Tibet Reinterpreted,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 37 (1977) pp. 103–133 (at pp. 103–106).

Са-пан. — Прим. пер .

Turrel J. Wylie, 'The First Mongol Conquest of Tibet Reinterpreted,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 37 (1977) p. 112.

SHR pp. 209–213; W Abramowski, 'Die chinesischen Annalen von Ogodei und Giiyuk,' loc. cit. pp. 117–167 (at p. 152); Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck pp. 33–39. According to Yarshater, Encyclopedia Iranica viii pp. 366–367, the Eljigidei employed by Ogodei is not the same as the one employed by Genghis to execute Jamuga and the one who destroyed Herat in 1222, but this theory of 'two Eljigideis' does not command universal assent.

Buell, Dictionary p. 202.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 95–112.

Также Балджун, Балджунский договор. — Прим. пер .

Paul D. Buell, 'Chinqai (1169–1252), Architect of Mongolian Empire,' in Kaplan & Whisenhunt, Opuscula Altaica pp. 168–186.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 373; Waley, Travels of an Alchemist p. 92; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 70.

Francis Woodman Cleaves, 'A Chancellery Practice of the Mongols in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 14 (1951) pp. 493–526; Istvan Vasary, 'The Origins of the Institution of Basqaqs,' Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 32 (1978) pp. 201–206; Vasary, 'The Golden Horde Term Daruga and its Survival in Russia,' Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 30 (1976) pp. 187–196; Barthold, Turkestan pp. 468–469.

Introductory remarks are found at Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan, p. 138 and d'Ohsson, Histoire iv pp. 381–405. Deeper analysis is provided in Vasary, 'The Origin of the Institution of Basqaqs,' loc. cit. p. 323; Spuler, Mongolen in Iran pp. 40–42; Spuler, Goldene Horde p. 338; Doerfer, Turkische und mongolische Elemente iv p. 242. The institution of daruqachi was one of Genghis's innovations that survived into the Yuan empire of China. For a detailed study see Endicott-West, Mongolian Rule.

For Chinqai's huge importance into the reign of Guyuk in the mid-i24os see Dawson, Mongol Mission pp. 63–67.

Paul D. Buell, 'Sino-Khitan administration in Mongol Bukhara,' Journal of Asian History 13 (1979) pp. 121–151.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 122–128 (esp. p. 123).

SHO p. 254; SHR p. 195; Spuler, Mongolen in Iran pp. 40–42; Lane, Daily Life p. 62; Christian, History of Russia I p. 415.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 124–125.

Two studies of Yelu by Rachewiltz are fundamental: 'Yeh-lii Ch'u-ts'ai (1189–1243): Buddhist Idealist and Confueian Statesman,' in Wright & Twitchett, Confueian Personalities pp. 189–216 and the entry in In the Service, op. cit. pp. 136–175.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. pp. 192–193; Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 139–140.

Rachewiltz, 'The Hsi-Yu-lu by Yeh-Lu Ch'u Ts'ai,' Monumenta Serica 21 (1962) pp. 1–128 (esp. pp. 17–37).

Wittfogel & Feng, Liao pp. 749–751.

Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I pp. 9–10.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. pp. 194–195.

Gumilev, Imaginary Kingdom p. 238. Some scholars have gone the other way and claim that Yelu has been vastly overrated (Buell, Dictionary pp. 287–289).

Allsen, Culture and Conquest pp. 177–179; Buell, Dictionary pp. 133–134.

Grousset, Empire p. 321. The 'horseback' quote is notoriously migratory, having been attributed to a number of sages during Chinese history.

Честных намерений ( лат .).

H. F. Schurmann, 'Mongolian tributary practices of the thirteenth century,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 19 (1956) pp. 304–389.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 202; Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 151–152.

Allsen, Imperialism pp. 144–148.

Быт. 16:12.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. pp. 212–213.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 159; P. Ratchnevsky, 'Sigi-qutuqu,' Central Asiatic Journal 10 (1965) pp. 87–110 (at p. 87).

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 202.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 378.

J. Masson Smith, 'Mongol and nomadic taxation,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 30 (1970) pp. 46–85. For the unsystematic fiscal approach of the Mongols see A. K. S. Lambton, 'Mongol fiscal administration in Persia,' Studia Islamica 44 (1986) pp. 79–99; 45 (1987) pp. 97–123.

Morgan, Mongols pp. 100–103.

Kwanten, Imperial Nomads pp. 128–129.

d'Ohsson, Histoire II p. 63.

Some of the administrative implications of this are teased out in F. W Cleaves, 'A Chancellery Practice of the Mongols in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries,' loc. cit. pp. 493–526.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 205.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 60–69.

Farquhar, Government of China p. 45; Gernet, Daily Life p. 65; Fairbank & Goldman, China pp. 95–107; Elman, Civil Examinations.

Makino Shuji, 'Transformation of the Shih-jen in the late Chin and early Yuan,' Acta Asiatica 45 (1983) pp. 1–26.

Ch'i-ch'ing Hsiao, 'Yen Shih, 1182–1240,' Papers on Far Eastern History 33 (1986) pp. 113–128 (at pp. 119–122).

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 202; Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 151.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 202; Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 165.

Franke & Twichett, Cambridge History p. 377.

On this subject in general and its implications see Nikolay N. Kradin, 'Nomadic Empires: Origin, Rise and Decline,' in Kradin et al, Nomadic Pathways pp. 73–87; Kradin, 'Nomadism, Evolution and World Systems: Pastoral Societies and Theories of Historical Development,' Journal of World-Systems Research 8 (2002) pp. 363–388.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 377.

Thomas T. Allsen, 'Sharing out the Empire: Apportioning Lands under the Empire,' in Khazanov & Wink, Nomads and the Sedentary World pp. 172–190.

Jackson, Mongols and the West p. 291.

JB I pp. 209–210, 213–215.

Rachewiltz In the Service p. 160.

Rachewiltz In the Service p. 160.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 377.

Abel-Remusat, Nouveaux melanges II pp. 64–68.

For Shih-mo Hsien-te-pu see Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 147–148, 160; Waley, Travels of an Alchemist p. 53. For Buyruq Qaya (1197–1265) see In the Service pp. 480–481; Buell, Dictionary p. 128; Buell, A-Z of the Mongol Empire p. 40.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 165.

For the latter phase of Yelu's relationship with Ogodei see Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I pp. 12–24; Tanner, China: A History I pp. 239–280.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 378.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 380.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 208.

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 208.

В российской историографии второй сын Угэдэя — Годан, Кодан, Кудэн. — Прим. пер .

Rachewiltz, 'Yeh-lu… Buddhist Idealist,' loc. cit. p. 215; Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 105–106, 125.

Michael Weiers, Geschichte der Mongolen p. 76.

Gregory G. Guzman, 'European Captives and Craftsmen among the Mongols, 1231–1255,' The Historian 72 (2010) pp. 122–150.