Тодд Роуз - Долой среднее! [Новый манифест индивидуальности]

См., например, Bodrova et al., “Nonergodic Dynamics of Force-Free Granular Gases,” arXiv:1501.04173 (2015); Thomas Scheby Kuhlman, The Non-Ergodic Nature of Internal Conversion (Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013); and Sydney Chapman et al., The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970). Отметим, что некоторые идеальные процессы будут эргодическими; см., например, K. L. Volkovysskii and Y. G. Sinai, “Ergodic properties of an ideal gas with an infinite number of degrees of freedom,” Functional Analysis and Its Applications, no. 5 (1971): 185–187. Заметим также, что эмпирически доказано: эргодическая теория верна и для процессов диффузии, см. “Ergodic Theorem Passes the Test,” Physics World, October 20, 2011, http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/oct/20/ergodic-theorem-passes-the-test.

Peter Molenaar, interview, 2014. Also see Peter Molenaar et al., “Consequences of the Ergodic Theorems for Classical Test Theory, Factor Analysis, and the Analysis of Developmental Processes,” in Handbook of Cognitive Aging (Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2008), 90–104.

A. Quetelet, Lettres a S. A. R. Le Duc Régnant de Saxe Cobourg et Gotha, sur la théorie des probabilités, appliquée aux sciences morales et politique (Brussels: Hayez, 1846), 136.

Peter Molenaar, “A Manifesto on Psychology as Idiographic Science: Bringing the Person Back into Scientific Psychology, This Time Forever,” Measurement 2, no. 4 (2004): 201–218.

Molenaar, interview, 2014.

Molenaar, interview, 2014.

Molenaar, interview, 2014.

Molenaar, interview, 2014.

Rose et al., “Science of the Individual,” 152–158.

Paul Van Geert, “The Contribution of Complex Dynamic Systems to Development,” Child Development Perspectives 5, no. 4 (2011): 273–278.

Rose et al., “Science of the Individual,” 152–158.

Anatole S. Dekaban, Neurology of Infancy (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1959), 63.

M. R. Fiorentino, A Basis for Sensorimotor Development — Normal and Abnormal: The Influence of Primitive, Postural Reflexes on the Development and Distribution of Tone (Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1981), 55; R. S. Illingworth, The Development of the Infant and Young Child: Normal and Abnormal, 3rd ed. (London: E. & S. Livingstone, 1966), 88; M. B. McGraw, “Neuromuscular Development of the Human Infant As Exemplified in the Achievement of Erect Locomotion,” Journal of Pediatrics 17 (1940): 747–777; J. H. Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology (Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1980), 249; G. E. Molnar, “Analysis of Motor Disorder in Retarded Infants and Young Children,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency 83 (1978): 213–222; A. Peiper, Cerebral Function in Infancy and Childhood (New York: Consultants Bureau, 1963), 213–215.

Подробно о ее работе см. Karen E. Adolph and Beatrix Vereijken, “Esther Thelen (1941–2004),” American Psychologist 60, no. 9 (2005): 1032.

E. Thelen and D. M. Fisher, “Newborn Stepping: An Explanation for a ‘Disappearing’ Reflex,” Developmental Psychology 18, no. 5 (1982): 760–775.

E. Thelen et al., “The Relationship Between Physical Growth and a Newborn Reflex,” Infant Behavior and Development 7, no. 4 (1984): 479–493.

http://www.f22fighter.com/cockpit.htm.

Robert Levering and Milton Moskowitz, “2007 100 Best Companies to Work for,” Great Place to Work, http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/01/22/8398125/index.htm.

Virginia A. Scott, Google (Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008), 61.

Steve Lohr, “Big Data, Trying to Build Better Workers,” New York Times, April 20, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/technology/big-data-trying-to-build-better-workers.html?src=me&pagewanted=all&_r=1. См. также Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg, How Google Works (New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2014).

George Anders, The Rare Find: How Great Talent Stands Out (New York: Penguin, 2011), 3.

Leslie Kwoh, “‘Rank and Yank’ Retains Vocal Fans,” Wall Street Journal January 21, 2012, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203363504577186970064375222.

Ashley Goodall, interviewed by Todd Rose, April 17, 2015. См. также Marcus Buckingham and Ashley Goodall, “Reinventing Performance Management,” Harvard Business Review, April 2015, https://hbr.org/2015/04/reinventing-performance-management. Примечание: в настоящее время Гудолл занимает пост вице-президента по вопросам лидерства и интеллектуального наполнения групп в компании Cisco Systems.

Kwoh, “ ‘Rank and Yank.’”

Обзор системы принудительного ранжирования см. Richard C. Grote, Forced Ranking: Making Performance Management Work (Cambridge: Harvard Business Press, 2005).

David Auerbach, “Tales of an Ex-Microsoft Manager: Outgoing CEO Steve Ballmer’s Beloved Employee-Ranking System Made Me Secretive, Cynical and Paranoid,” Slate, August 26, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2013/08/microsoft_ceo_steve_ballmer_retires_a_firsthand_account_of_the_company_s.html.

Kwoh, “ ‘Rank and Yank’ ” and Julie Bort, “This Is Why Some Microsoft Employees Still Fear the Controversial ‘Stack Ranking’ Employee Review System,” Business Insider, August 27, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/microsofts-old-employee-review-system-2014–8.

Anders, Rare Find, 3–4. Also see Thomas L. Friedman, “How to Get a Job at Google,” New York Times, February 22, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/opinion/sunday/friedman-how-to-get-a-job-at-google.html?_r=0.

Todd Carlisle, interviewed by Todd Rose, April 21, 2015.

Buckingham and Goodall, “Reinventing Performance Management.”

Ashley Goodall, interviewed by Todd Rose, April 17, 2015.

Kurt Eichenwald, “Microsoft’s Lost Decade,” Vanity Fair, August 2012, http://www.vanityfair.com/news/business/2012/08/microsoft-lost-mojo-steve-ballmer.

Marcus Buckingham, “Trouble with the Curve? Why Microsoft Is Ditching Stack Rankings,” Harvard Business Review, November 19, 2013, https://hbr.org/2013/11/dont-rate-your-employees-on-a-curve/.

Francis Galton, Essays in Eugenics (London: The Eugenics Education Society, 1909), 66

Более подробное обсуждение одномерного мышления см. Paul Churchill, A Neurocomputational Perspective: The Nature of Mind and the Structure of Science (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989), 285–286; and Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1991).

Daniels, The “Average Man”?, 3.

William F. Moroney and Margaret J. Smith, Empirical Reduction in Potential User Population as the Result of Imposed Multivariate Anthropometric Limits (Pensacola, FL: Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, 1972), NAMRL–1164.

David Berri and Martin Schmidt, Stumbling on Wins (Bonus Content Edition) (New York: Pearson Education, 2010), Kindle Edition, chap. 2.

David Berri, “The Sacrifice LeBron James’ Teammates Make to Play Alongside Him,” Time, October 16, 2014, http://time.com/3513970/lebron-james-shot-attempts-scoring-totals/; также см. Henry Abbott, “The Robots Are Coming, and They’re Cranky,” ESPN, March 17, 2010, http://espn.go.com/blog/truehoop/post/_/id/14349/the-robots-are-coming-and-theyre-cranky.

David Berri, “Bad Decision Making Is a Pattern with the New York Knicks,” Huffington Post, May 14, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-berri/bad-decision-making-is-a-b_7283466.html.

Berri and Schmidt, Stumbling on Wins, chap. 2; also see David Berri, “The Sacrifice LeBron James’ Teammates Make to Play Alongside Him,” Time.com , October 16, 2014, http://time.com/3513970/lebron-james-hot-attempts-scoring-totals/.

David Friedman, “Pro Basketball’s ‘Five-Tool’ Players,” 20 Second Timeout, March 25, 2009, http://20secondtimeout.blogspot.com/2009/03/pro-basketballs-five-tool-players_25.html.

Dean Oliver, Basketball on paper: rules and tools for performance analysis (Potomac Books, 2004), 63–64. Об основополагающих идеях, связанных с построением успешной команды, см. Mike Krzyzewski, The Gold Standard: Building a World-Class Team (New York, Business Plus, 2009).

Berri, “Bad Decision Making.”

D. Denis, “The Origins of Correlation and Regression: Francis Galton or Auguste Bravais and the Error Theorists,” History and Philosophy of Psychology Bulletin 13 (2001): 36–44.

Francis Galton, “Co-relations and Their Measurement, Chiefly from Anthropometric Data,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 45, no. 273–279 (1888): 135–145.

С технической точки зрения показатель корреляции может составлять от –1,00 до +1,00, где знак указывает на направление взаимосвязи. Однако поскольку здесь я говорю о выраженности связи, то для ясности ограничился показателями от 0 до 1.

“Five Questions About the Dow That You Always Wanted to Ask,” Dow Jones Indexes, February 2012, https://www.djindexes.com/mdsidx/downloads/brochure_info/Five_Questions_Brochure.pdf.

William F. Moroney and Margaret J. Smith, Empirical Reduction in Potential User Population as the Result of Imposed Multivariate Anthropometric Limits (Pensacola, FL: U.S. Department of the Navy, 1972), NAMRL-1164. Проанализированные данные взяты из исследования E. C. Gifford, Compilation of Anthropometric Measures on US Naval Pilot (Philadelphia: U.S. Department of the Navy, 1960), NAMC-ACEL–437. О том, какое следствие имеет несоответствие на практике, см. George T. Lodge, Pilot Stature in Relation to Cockpit Size: A Hidden Factor in Navy Jet Aircraft Accidents (Norfolk, VA: Naval Safety Center, 1964).