Тодд Роуз - Долой среднее! [Новый манифест индивидуальности]

Daniel L. Worthley and Barbara A. Leggett, “Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Features and Clinical Opportunities,” Clinical Biochemist Reviews 31, no. 2 (2010): 31.

Kenneth I. Howard et al., “The Dose — Effect Relationship in Psychotherapy,” American Psychologist 41, no. 2 (1986): 159; Wolfgang Lutz et al., “Outcomes Management, Expected Treatment Response, and Severity-Adjusted Provider Profiling in Outpatient Psychotherapy,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 58, no. 10 (2002): 1291–1304.

Jeffrey R. Vittengl et al., “Nomothetic and Idiographic Symptom Change Trajectories in Acute-Phase Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 81, no. 4 (2013): 615.

Три работы, посвященные вопросу эквифинальности: о развитии см. Dante Cicchetti and Fred A. Rogosch, “Equifinality and Multifinality in Developmental Psychopathology,” Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 04 (1996): 597–600; о развитии лидерства см. Marguerite Schneider and Mark Somers, “Organizations as Complex Adaptive Systems: Implications of Complexity Theory for Leadership Research,” Leadership Quarterly 17, no. 4 (2006): 351–365; о гидрологии см. Keith Beven, “A Manifesto for the Equifinality Thesis,” Journal of Hydrology 320, no. 1 (2006): 18–36.

Kurt W. Fischer and Thomas R. Bidell, “Dynamic Development of Action and Thought,” in Handbook of Child Psychology (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2006); and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Jeffrey A. Martin, “Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal 21, no. 10–11 (2000): 1105–1121.

Edward L. Thorndike, “Memory for Paired Associates,” Psychological Review 15, no. 2 (1908): 122.

Edward L. Thorndike, The Human Nature Club: An Introduction to the Study of Mental Life (New York: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1901), chap. 1.

Edward L. Thorndike, “Measurement in Education,” The Teachers College Record 22, no. 5 (1921): 371–379; and Linda Mabry, “Writing to the Rubric: Lingering Effects of Traditional Standardized Testing on Direct Writing Assessment,” Phi Delta Kappan 80, no. 9 (1999): 673.

Raiann Rahman, “The Almost Standardized Aptitude Test: Why Extra Time Shouldn’t Be an Option on Standardized Testing,” Point of View, October 18, 2013, http://www.bbnpov.com/?p=1250.

Сведения о биографии и взглядах Бенджамина Блума, а также о его карьере см. в работе Thomas R. Guskey, Benjamin S. Bloom: Portraits of an Educator (Lanham, MD: R&L Education, 2012); and Elliot W. Eisner, “Benjamin Bloom,” Prospects 30, no. 3 (2000): 387–395.

Benjamin S. Bloom, “Time and Learning,” American Psychologist 29, no. 9 (1974): 682; and Benjamin S. Bloom, Human Characteristics and School Learning (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976).

Идеи по праву принадлежат Блуму, однако следует отметить, что упомянутые важнейшие исследования выполнялись двумя его аспирантами: Джоанной Анания (Joanne Anania, “The Influence of Instructional Conditions on Student Learning and Achievement,” Evaluation in Education 7, no. 1 [1983]: 1–92) и Артуром Берком (Arthur Joseph Burke, “Students’ Potential for Learning Contrasted Under Tutorial and Group Approaches to Instruction” [Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1983]).

В данных исследованиях рассматривается дополнительное условие эксперимента — групповое овладение материалом, однако к нашей теме оно отношения не имеет.

Benjamin S. Bloom, “The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring,” Educational Researcher (1984): 4–16.

Chen-Lin C. Kulik et al., “Effectiveness of Mastery Learning Programs: A Meta-Analysis,” Review of Educational Research 60, no. 2 (1990): 265–299.

Bloom, “2 Sigma Problem,” 4–16.

Khan Academy, https://www.khanacademy.org/; and “Khan Academy,” Wikipedia, June 3, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Academy.

Anya Kamenetz, “A Q&A with Salman Khan, Founder of Khan Academy,” Fast Company, November 21, 2013, http://live.fastcompany.com/Event/A_QA_With_Salman_Khan.

“A Personalized Learning Resource for All Ages,” Khan Academy, https://www.khanacademy.org/about.

“Salman Khan,” TED, https://www.ted.com/speakers/salman_khan.

“Khan,” TED.

Arnold Gesell, “Arnold Gesell,” Psychiatric Research Reports 13 (1960): 1–9.

Arnold Gesell and Catherine Strunk Amatruda, The Embryology of Behavior: The Beginnings of the Human Mind (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1945); Arnold Gesell, The Ontogenesis of Infant Behavior (New York: Wiley & Sons, 1954); Gesell, Mental Growth of the Pre-School Child; Arnold Gesell, Infancy and Human Growth (New York: MacMillan, 1928); Arnold Gesell and Helen Thompson, Infant Behavior: Its Genesis and Growth (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1934); Arnold Gesell, How a Baby Grows (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1945); Thomas C. Dalton, “Arnold Gesell and the Maturation Controversy,” Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science 40, no. 4 (2005): 182–204; and Fredric Weizmann and Ben Harris, “Arnold Gesell: The Maturationist,” in Portraits of Pioneers in Developmental Psychology 7 (New York: Psychology Press, 2012).

Gesell, “Developmental Schedules;” and Gesell and Thompson, “Infant Behavior.”

Gesell, “Developmental Schedules,” as cited in Adolph et al., “Learning to Crawl.” See also Adolph, Karen E., and Sarah E. Berger, “Motor Development,” Handbook of Child Psychology (2006).

Gesell and Thompson, Infant Behavior: Its Genesis and Growth, chap. 3.

Weizmann and Harris, “Gesell: The Maturationist,” 1.

Gesell and Amatruda, Developmental Diagnosis (New York: Harper, 1947).

Gesell and Amatruda, Developmental Diagnosis, 361.

Arnold Gesell, “Reducing the Risks of Child Adoption,” Child Welfare League of America Bulletin 6, no. 3 (1927); and Ellen Herman, “Families Made by Science: Arnold Gesell and the Technologies of Modern Child Adoption,” Isis (2001): 684–715.

Thelen and Adolph, “Gesell: Paradox of Nature and Nurture,” 368–380.

Arlene Eisenberg et al., What to Expect When You’re Expecting (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996); and Heidi Murkoff et al., What to Expect the First Year (New York: Workman Publishing, 2009).

Thomas R. Bidell and Kurt W. Fischer, “Beyond the Stage Debate: Action, Structure, and Variability in Piagetian Theory and Research,” Intellectual Development (1992): 100–140.

Rose et al., “The Science of the Individual,” 152–158; L. Todd Rose and Kurt W. Fischer, “Dynamic Development: A Neo-Piagetian Approach,” in The Cambridge Companion to Piaget (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009): 400; L. Todd Rose and Kurt W. Fischer, “Intelligence in Childhood,” in The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011): 144–173.

“Kurt W. Fischer,” Wikipedia, May 17, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_W._Fischer.

Обзор его работы см. у Kurt W. Fischer and Thomas R. Bidell, “Dynamic Development of Action and Thought,” in Handbook of Child Psychology, 6th ed. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006).

Catharine C. Knight and Kurt W. Fischer, “Learning to Read Words: Individual Differences in Developmental Sequences,” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 13, no. 3 (1992): 377–404.

Kurt Fischer, interviewed by Todd Rose, August 14, 2014.

Knight and Fischer, “Learning to Read Words.”

Knight and Fischer, “Learning to Read Words.”

Fischer, interview, 2014.

Tania Rabesandratana, “Waltz to Excellence,” Science, August 7, 2014, http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2014_08_07/caredit.a1400200.

Rabesandratana, “Waltz to Excellence.”

Постдок — стипендия для молодых научных работников, недавно получивших докторскую степень, для стажировки на протяжении 1–2, а иногда и 3 лет в университете, отличном от того, в котором они получили степень. Прим. ред.

Rabesandratana, “Waltz to Excellence.”

Rabesandratana, “Waltz to Excellence.”

“Characteristics of Remedial Students,” Colorado Community College System, http://highered.colorado.gov/Publications/General/StrategicPlanning/Meetings/Resources/Pipeline/Pipeline_100317_Remedial_Handout.pdf; and “Beyond the Rhetoric: Improving College Readi-ness Through Coherent State Policy,” http://www.highereducation.org/reports/college_readiness/gap.shtml.

CLEP (College Level Examination Program), https://clep.collegeboard.org/.

Victor Lipman, “Surprising, Disturbing Facts from the Mother of All Employment Engagement Surveys,” Forbes, September 23, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2013/09/23/surprising-disturbing-facts-from-the-mother-of-all-employee-engagement-surveys/.

“Glassdoor’s Employee’s Choice Awards 2015: Best Places to Work 2015,” Glassdoor, http://www.glassdoor.com/Best-Places-to-Work-LST_KQ0,19.htm; Rich Duprey, “6 Reasons Costco Wholesale Is the Best Retailer to Work For,” The Motley Fool, December 13, 2014, http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/12/13/6-reasons-costco-wholesale-is-the-best-retailer-to.aspx; and “Top Companies for Compensation & Benefits 2014,” Glassdoor, http://www.glassdoor.com/Top-Companies-or-Compensation-and-Benefits-LST_KQ0,43.htm.

Duprey, “6 Reasons.”