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ЦВЕТНАЯ ВСТАВКА

Иллюстрация 1: © Nicolás Sainz Trápaga.

Иллюстрация 2, вверху: Google Brain Team. «Using Machine Learning to Explore Neural Network Architecture». Google AI Blog (2017). https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/05/using-machine-learning-to-explore.html.

Иллюстрация 2, внизу: Olah, Chris, Alexander Mordvintsev, & Ludwig Schubert. «Feature Visualization». Distill (2017). https://distill.pub/2017/feature-visualization/. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0.

Иллюстрация 3, справа: Guerguiev, Jordan, Timothy P. Lillicrap, & Blake A. Richards. «Towards deep learning with segregated dendrites». ELife , 6, e22901, (2017). https://elife sciences.org/articles/22901.

Иллюстрация 3, слева: MNIST database of handwritten digits. LeCun, Yann, Corinna Cortes, & Christopher J. C. Burges. http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/.

Иллюстрация 4: Kemp, Charles, & Joshua B. Tenenbaum. «The discovery of structural form». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 105(31), 10687–10692 (2008). https://www.pnas.org/content/105/31/10687.short. © 2008 by National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.

Иллюстрация 5, вверху слева: Fei Xu Lab.

Иллюстрация 5, вверху справа: Moira Dillon & Elizabeth Spelke.

Иллюстрация 6, вверху: G. Dehaene-Lambertz & J. Dubois.

Иллюстрация 6, внизу: перерисована на основании данных, опубликованных в статье: Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, Jessica Dubois, Sébastien Mériaux, Alexis Roche, Mariano Sigman, & Stanislas Dehaene. «Functional organization of perisylvian activation during presentation of sentences in preverbal infants». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 103(38), 14240–14245, (2006). https://www.pnas.org/content/103/38/14240. © 2006 by National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.

Иллюстрация 7: воспроизведена в измененном виде с разрешения Леи Крубитцер. Обзор соответствующего исследования см. Krubitzer, Leah. «The Magnificent Compromise: Cortical Field Evolution in Mammals». Neuron , 56(2), 201–208, (2007).

Иллюстрация 8, вверху:воспроизведена в измененном виде с разрешения Алена Шедоталя. См. Belle, Morgane, David Godefroy, Gérard Couly, Samuel A. Malone, Francis Collier, Paolo Giacobini, & Alain Chédotal. «Tridimensional Visualization and Analysis of Early Human Development». Cell , vol. 169(1), 161–173.e12, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.008.

Иллюстрация 8, внизу:G. Dehaene-Lambertz & J. Dubois.

Иллюстрация 9:Amunts, Katrin, Marianne Lenzen, Angela D. Friederici, Axel Schleicher, Patricia Morosan, Nicola Palomero-Gallagher, & Karl Zilles. «Broca’s Region: Novel Organizational Principles and Multiple Receptor Mapping». PLoS Biology , 8(9). e1000489, (2010). https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000489.

Иллюстрация 10, вверху справа: David Hablützel (Pexels).

Иллюстрация 10, внизу: перепечатана с разрешения Springer Nature. Nature . Hafting, Torkel, Marianne Fyhn, Sturla Molden, May Britt Moser, & Edvard I. Moser. «Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex». © 2005.

Иллюстрация 10, вверху слева и в центре: © Stanislas Dehaene.

Иллюстрация 11:Muckli, Lars, Marcus J. Naumer, & Wolf Singer. «Bilateral visual field maps in a patient with only one hemisphere». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 106(31), 13034–13039, (2009). https://www.pnas.org/content/106/31/13034.

Иллюстрация 12:Amalric, Marie, & Stanislas Dehaene. «Origins of the brain networks for advanced mathematics in expert mathematicians». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 113 (18) 4909-4917, (2016). https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/04/06/1603205113. (Воспроизведена частично.)

Иллюстрация 13, внизу: Amalric, Marie, Isabelle Denghien, & Stanislas Dehaene. «On the role of visual experience in mathematical development: Evidence from blind mathematicians». Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience , vol. 30 pg. 314-323 (2018). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929316302201?via%3Dihub. (Воспроизведена частично.)

Иллюстрация 14: создана автором на основе данных, опубликованных в статье: Dehaene, Stanislas, Felipe Pegado, Lucia W. Braga, Paulo Ventura, Gilberto Nunes Filho, Antionette Jobert, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Régine Kolinsky, José Morais, & Laurent Cohen. «How Learning to Read Changes the Cortical Networks for Vision and Language». Science , vol. 330, issue 6009, pg. 1359–1364, (2010). https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6009/1359.

Иллюстрация 15, вверху:G. Dehaene-Lambertz.

Иллюстрация 15, внизу:создана автором на основе еще не опубликованных данных, а также данных, приведенных в статье: Monzalvo, Karla, Joel Fluss, Catherine Billard, Stanislas Dehaene, & Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. «Cortical networks for vision and language in dyslexic and normal children of variable socio-economic status». Neuroimage , vol. 61(1), pg. 258–274, (2012). https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.035.

Иллюстрация 16, вверху: Bruce Blaus, Blausen.com staff. «Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014». WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2), (2014). doi: 10.15347/wjm/2014.010. (Воспроизведена частично.)

Иллюстрация 16, внизу: Kilgard, Michael P., & Michael M. Merzenich. «Cortical Map Reorganization Enabled by Nucleus Basalis Activity». Science , vol. 279, issue 5357, (1998), pg. 1714–8. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.

Иллюстрация 17:создана автором на основе данных, опубликованных в статьях: Bekinschtein, Tristan A., Stanislas Dehaene, Benjamin Rohaut, François Tadel, Laurent Cohen, & Lionel Naccache. «Neural signature of the conscious processing of auditory regularities». Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A ., vol. 106(5), pg. 1672–1677, (2009). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809667106; и Strauss, Melanie, Jacobo D. Sitt, Jean-Remi King, Maxime Elbaz, Leila Azizi, Marco Buiatti, Lionel Naccache, Virginia van Wassenhove, & Stanislas Dehaene. «Disruption of hierarchical predictive coding during sleep». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 112(11), E1353-1362, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501026112.

Иллюстрация 18, слева: Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine, Karla Monzalvo, & Stanislas Dehaene. «The emergence of the visual word form: Longitudinal evolution of category-specific ventral visual areas during reading acquisition». PLoS Biology , 16(3), e2004103, (2018). https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2004103. (Воспроизведена час– тично.)

Иллюстрация 18, справа: перерисована из статьи: Zoccolotti, Pierluigi, Maria De Luca, Enrico Di Pace, Filippo Gasperini, Anna Judica, & Donatella Spinelli. «Word length effect in early reading and in developmental dyslexia». Brain and Language , vol. 93(3), pg. 369–373, (2005). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093934X04002792?via%3Dihub.