Майкл Шелленбергер - Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред
- Название:Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред
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- Издательство:неизвестно
- Год:2022
- Город:Москва
- ISBN:978-5-17-139017-4, 978-0063-00169-5
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Майкл Шелленбергер - Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред краткое содержание
Любопытно, что люди, которые громче всех паникуют по поводу экологических проблем, также склонны выступать против их очевидных решений. Так что же на самом деле стоит за ростом апокалиптического экологического мышления? Ответ – в книге «Конца света не будет».
В формате PDF A4 сохранен издательский макет книги.
Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред - читать онлайн бесплатно ознакомительный отрывок
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148
Germany’s per capita carbon emissions in 2018 were 10.0 tons per capita as 82.8 million Germans emitted 830 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Brazil’s 211 million people emitted 2000 million tons of CO2 in 2018 including from Amazon deforestation and fires, a rate of 9.5 tonnes per capita. German emission data: German Federal Environmental Agency, “Indicator: Greenhouse gas emissions,” Umwelt Bundesamt, https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/indicator-greenhouse-gas-emissions. Brazil carbon emission data: “Total Emissions,” SEEG Brazil, accessed February 2, 2020, http://plataforma.seeg.eco.br/total_emission.
149
N. Andela, D. C. Morton, L. Giglio et al., “A human-driven decline in global burned area,” Science 356, no. 6345 (June 30, 2017): 1356–1362, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4108. Xiao Peng Song, M. C. Hansen, S. V. Stehman et al., “Global land change from 1982 to 2016,” Nature, no. 560 (August 8, 2018): 639–643, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0411-9.
150
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO, “FAOSTAT Statistical Database,” FAOSTAT, accessed January 15, 2020, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. Between 1995 and 2015, forested area in Europe increased by over 17 million hectares. Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Denmark are a combined 15.6 million hectares.
151
Alex Gray, “Sweden’s forests have doubled in size over the last 100 years,” World Economic Forum, December 13, 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/swedens-forests-have-been-growing-for-100-years.
152
Jing M. Chen, Weimin Ju, Philippe Ciais et al., “Vegetation Structural Change Since 1981 Significantly Enhanced the Terrestrial Carbon Sink,” Nature Communications 10, no. 4259 (October 2019): 1–7, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12257-8.pdf.
153
“The significant reduction in deforestation that has taken place in recent years, despite rising food commodity prices, indicates that policies put in place to curb conversion of native vegetation to agriculture land might be effective. This can improve the prospects for protecting native vegetation by investing in agricultural intensification.” Alberto G. O. P. Barretto, Göran Berndes, Gerd Sparovek, and Stefan Wirsenius, “Agricultural Intensification in Brazil and Its Effects on Land-Use Patterns: An Analysis of the 1975–2006 Period,” Global Change Biology 19, no. 6 (2013): 1804–1815, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12174.
154
Jing M. Chen et al., “Vegetation structural change since 1981 significantly enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink,” Nature Communications 10, no. 4259 (October 2019): 1–7, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12257–8.pdf.
155
Jing M. Chen et al., “Vegetation structural change since 1981 significantly enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink,” Nature Communications 10, no. 4259 (October 2019): 1–7, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12257–8.pdf.
156
Jon Lloyd and Graham D. Farquhar, “Effects of Rising Temperatures and Carbon Dioxide on the Physiology of Tropical Forest Trees,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 363, no. 1498 (February 2008): 1811–1817, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0032.
157
Sean M. McMahon, Geoffrey G. Parker, and Dawn R. Miller, “Evidence for a Recent Increase in Forest Growth,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 8 (February 2010): 3611–3615, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840472.
158
Alex Gray, “Sweden’s Forests Have Doubled in Size over the Last 100 Years,” World Economic Forum, December 13, 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/swedens-forests-have-been-growing-for-100-years.
159
A major study of 111 nations found a negative relationship between temperature and labor productivity that was statistically significant. In fact, researchers found that a nation’s temperature level is the second-most contributing factor to explaining labor productivity overall. The greatest contributing factor was simply already being a highly developed nation. Kemal Yildirim, Cuneyt Koyuncu, and Julide Koyuncu, “Does Temperature Affect Labor Productivity: Cross-Country Evidence,” Applied Econometrics and International Development 9, no. 1 (2009): 29–38, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cuneyt_Koyuncu/publication/227410116_Does_Temperature_Affect_Labor_Productivity_Cross-Country_Evidence/links/0a85e53467d19369e8000000/Does-Temperature-Affect-Labor-Productivity-Cross-Country-Evidence.pdf.
160
Pedro Renaux, “Poverty Grows and Poor Population in 2017 Amounts to 54.8 Million,” Agência IBGE, December 6, 2018, https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/en/agencia-news/2184-news-agency/news/23316-poverty-grows-and-poor-population-in-2017-amounts-to-54-8-million.
161
“Amazon Tribes,” Survival International, accessed January 2, 2020, https://www.survivalinternational.org/about/amazontribes.
162
“Brazilian Indians,” Survival International, accessed January 2, 2020, https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/brazilian.
163
Linda Rabben, “Kayapo Choices: Short-Term Gain vs. Long-Term Damage,” Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine, June 1995, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/kayapo-choices-short-term-gain-vs-long-term-damage.
164
Michael Williams, Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, an Abridgment, Ibid., 21–23.
165
Michael Williams, Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, an Abridgment, Ibid., 19.
166
Christopher Sandom et al., “Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 281, no. 1787 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3254/.
167
Michael Williams, Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, an Abridgment, Ibid., 24–26.
168
Michael Williams, Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, an Abridgment, Ibid., 25-29.
169
J. A. J. Gowlett, “Discovery of Fire by Humans: A Long and Convoluted Process,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 371, no. 1696 (June 2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0164.
170
J. A. J. Gowlett, “Discovery of Fire by Humans: A Long and Convoluted Process,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 371, no. 1696 (June 2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0164.
171
Michael Williams, Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, an Abridgment, 146.
172
Keith Thomas, Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 1500–1800 (Oxford University Press, 1983), 192. Animals in England, writes a historian, “had been divided into the wild, to be tamed or eliminated, the domestic, to be exploited for useful purposes, and the pet, to be cherished for emotional satisfaction.”
173
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad,” Environmental Progress, August 25, 2019, http://environmentalprogress.org/big-news/2019/8/29/an-interview-with-founder-of-earth-innovation-dan-nepstad.
174
“Brazil and the Amazon Forest,” Greenpeace, accessed January 20, 2020, https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/issues/brazil-and-the-amazon-forest. Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad,” Environmental Progress, August 25, 2019, http://environmentalprogress.org/big-news/2019/8/29/an-interview-with-founder-of-earth-innovation-dan-nepstad.
175
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
176
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
177
John Briscoe, “Infrastructure First? Water Policy, Wealth, and Well-Being,” Belfer Center, January 28, 2012, https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/infrastructure-first-water-policy-wealth-and-well-being.
178
John Briscoe, “Invited Opinion Interview: Two Decades at the Center for World Water Policy,” Water Policy 13, no. 2 (February 2011): 151, https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.000.
179
John Briscoe, “Infrastructure First? Water Policy, Wealth, and Well-Being.”
180
Rhett Butler, “Greenpeace Accuses McDonald’s of Destroying the Amazon,” Mongabay, April 7, 2006, https://news.mongabay.com.
181
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
182
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
183
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
184
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
185
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
186
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
187
David P. Edwards et al., “Wildlife-Friendly Oil Palm Plantations Fail to Protect Biodiversity Effectively,” Conservation Letters 3 (2010): 236–42, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00107.x.
188
Michael Shellenberger, “An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.”
189
Dave Keating, “Macron’s Mercosur Veto – Are Amazon Fires Being Used as a Smokescreen for Protectionism?” Forbes, August 23, 2019, https://www.forbes.com.
190
Dave Keating, “Macron’s Mercosur Veto – Are Amazon Fires Being Used as a Smokescreen for Protectionism?” Forbes, August 23, 2019, https://www.forbes.com.
191
Dave Keating, “Macron’s Mercosur Veto – Are Amazon Fires Being Used as a Smokescreen for Protectionism?” Forbes, August 23, 2019, https://www.forbes.com.
192
“Jair Bolsonaro to Merkel: Reforest Germany, Not Amazon,” Deutsche Welle, August 15, 2019, https://www.dw.com/en/jair-bolsonaro-to-merkel-reforest-germany-not-amazon/a-50032213.
193
“Brazil’s Lula Blasts Rich Nations on Climate,” Reuters, February 6, 2007, https://www.reuters.com.
194
“The analyses show that in agriculturally consolidated areas (mainly southern and southeastern Brazil), land-use intensification (both on cropland and pastures) coincided with either contraction of both cropland and pasture areas, or cropland expansion at the expense of pastures, both cases resulting in farmland stability or contraction. In contrast, in agricultural frontier areas (i.e., the deforestation zones in central and northern Brazil), land-use intensification coincided with expansion of agricultural lands. These observations provide support for the thesis that (i) technological improvements create incentives for expansion in agricultural frontier areas; and (ii) farmers are likely to reduce their managed acreage only if land becomes a scarce resource. The spatially explicit examination of land-use transitions since 1960 reveals an expansion and gradual movement of the agricultural frontier toward the interior (center-western Cerrado) of Brazil.” Barretto et al., “Agricultural Intensification in Brazil and Its Effects on Land-Use Patterns: An Analysis of the 1975–2006 Period.”
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