А. Роджер Экерч - На исходе дня. История ночи

48. Schindler, Rebellion, 210; Matthiessen, Natten, 137; Rudolf Braun, Industrialization and Everyday Life, trans. Sarah Hanbury Tension (Cambridge, 1990), 84; Minutes of the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia, 1704–1776 (Philadelphia, 1847), 405; J. R. Ward, "A Planter and His Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica," in T. C. Smout, ed., The Search for Wealth and Stability: Essays in Economic and Social History Presented to M. W. Flinn (London, 1979), 19.

49. HMM and GA, Mar. 10, 1752; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 760; Pitou, "Coureurs de Nuit," 72, 82–84; Elisabeth Crouzet-Pavan, "Potere Politico e Spazio Sociale," in Mario Sbriccoli, ed., La Notte: Ordine, Sicurezza e Disciplinamcnto in Età Moderna (Florence, 1991), 61; Maurice Andrieux, Daily Life in Venice in the Time of Casanova, trans. Mary Fitton (London, 1972), 29; Elizabeth S. Cohen, "Honor and Gender in the Streets of Early Rome," JIH 22 (1992), 597–625; Matthiessen, Natten, 129; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 258–260; Auguste Philippe Herlaut, "L'Éclairage des Rues à Paris à la Fin du XVIIe Siècle et au XVIIIe Siècle," Mémoire de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France 43 (1916), 221–222,226.

50. Iona Opie and Moira Tätern, eds., A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford, 1989), 142; Washington Irving, History, Tales and Sketches, ed. James W. Tuttleton (New York, 1983), 1071–1072; Darryl Ogier, "Night Revels and Werewolfery in Calvinist Guernsey," Folklore 109 (1998), 56–57; Lavater, Spirites, 21–22; A. Voisin, "Notes sur la Vie Urbaine au XV Siècle: Dijon la Nuit," Annales de Bourgogne 9 (1937), 271.

51. D. M. Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (Rochester, N. Y., 1996), 137; Apr. 30, 1673, Isham, Diary, 207; Pavan, "Nuit Vénitienne," 345; Muchembled, Violence, 124.

52. Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 275; Evelyn, Diary, И, 472; Mar. 25,1668, Pepys, Diary, IX, 133.

53. Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 373; Hannah Miurk [?], Feb. 28,1677, Suffolk Court Files № 1549, Suffolk County Court House, Boston; Janekovick-Römer, "Dubrovniks," 103; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 755; Jacques Rossiaud, "Prostitution, Youth, and Society," in Robert Forster and Orest Ranum, eds., Deviants and the Abandoned in French Society: Selections from the Annales Economics, Sociétés, Civilisations, trans. Elborg Forster and Patricia Ranum (Baltimore, 1978), 12–13; Aug. 16,1624, Beck, Diary, 152; T. Platter, Journal, 249; George Huppert, After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe (Bloomington, Ind., 1986), 38.

54. Fabre, "Families," 547; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 261; Dec. 26, 1718, Lewis, Diary; James R. Farr, Hands of Honor: Artisans and Their World in Dijon, 1550–1650 (Ithaca, N. Y., 1988), 211; Muchembled, Violence, 124; Pitou, "Coureurs de Nuit," 73–74. См. также: Nov. 20, 1680, Heywood, Diary, 1,276.

55. Eli Faber, "The Evil That Men Do: Crime and Transgression in Colonial Massachusetts" (Ph. D. diss., Columbia Univ., 1974), 168; VG, Aug. 28,1752; Boston Gazette, Jan. 8,1754; Sept. 6,1774, The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell (New York, 1924), 35; NYWJ, May 22,1738; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 394–398.

56. James C. Scott, "Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance," in James C. Scott and Benedict J. Kerkvliet, eds., Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance in South-east Asia (London, 1986), 6. Эго не значит, что празднование Масленичного карнавала не приводило порой к непредвиденным беспорядкам, особенно после наступления ночи. См.: Davis, Society and Culture, 103–104, 117–119, 122–123; Mikhail Baktin, Rabelais and His World, trans. Helene Iswoldky (Cambridge, Mass., 1968).

57. M. Dorothy George, London Life in the XVIIIth Century (London, 1925), 280; Joe Thompson, The Life and Adventures… (London, 1788), 1,93; "Advice to Apprentices," Walker's Hibernian Magazine (1791), 151; Awnsham Churchill, comp., A Collection of Voyages and Travels… (London, 1746), VI, 542; Philip D. Morgan, "Black Life in Eighteenth-Century Charleston," Perspectives in American History, New Ser., 1 (1984), 324–325; Fabre, "Families," 550, 548.

58. Pitou, "Coureurs de Nuit," 88; A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Selectmen's Minutes from 1764 to 1768 (Boston, 1889), 100; OED, s. V. "scour"; Bume, ed., Staffordshire Quarter Sessions, V, 238. См. также: Matthiessen, Natten, 137–139; "John Blunt," G and NDA, Oct. 31,1765.

59. George, London Life, 400, n. 101; OBP, Sept. 7,1737,187,190.

60. Defoe, Tour, I, 123; Robert Semple, Observations on a Journey through Spain and Italy to Naples… (London, 1807), II, 218.

61. F. G. Emmison, Elizabethan Life: Disorder (Chelmsford, Eng., 1970), 245; Ann Kussmaul, ed., The Autobiography of Joseph Mayett of Quainton (1783–1839) (London, 1979), 14–15.

62. V. S. Naipaul, The Loss of El Dorado: A History (London, 1969), 251–257; Davis, Society and Culture, 97—123; Bernard Capp, "English Youth Groups and 'The Pinder of Wakefield/" PP 76 (1977), 128–129; Giffiths, Youth, 169–175; Janekovick-Römer, "Dubrovniks," 110; liana Krausman Ben-Amos, Adolescence and Youth in Early Modern England (New Haven, 1994), 176–177. Касательно концепции «налагающихся друг на друга субкультур» см.: Bob Scribner, "Is a History of Popular Culture Possible?" History of European Ideas 10 (1989), 184–185; David Underdown, "Regional Cultures? Local Variations in Popular Culture during the Early Modern Period," in Tim Harris, ed., Popular Culture in England, c. 1500–1800 (New York, 1995), 29.

63. Jütte, Poverty, 180–185; Schindler, Rebellion, 275; The Honour of London Apprentices: Exemplified, in a Brief Historicall Narration (London, 1647); Richard Mowery Andrews, Law, Magistracy, and Crime in Old Regime Paris, 1735–1789 (Cambridge, 1994), 521–535; "A Constant Correspondent," PA, Apr. 22, 1763; Dekker, Writings, 187–191; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 248–249; A L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England, 1560–1640 (London, 1985), 125–126.

64. Tornano, Proverbi Italiani, 34; Robert W. Malcolmson, Popular Recreations in English Society, 1700–1850 (Cambridge, 1973), 75.

65. Marston, The Malcontent, ed. M. L. Wine (Lincoln, Neb., 1964), 64.

66. Griffiths, Youth, 151–152; Davis, Society and Culture, 104–123; Fabre, "Families," 533–556, passim; Thompson, Customs in Common, 467–533; Burke, Popular Culture, 199–201.

67. Fabre, "Families," 555–566; The Libertine's Choice… (London, 1704), 14–15; F. Platter, Journal, 172; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 252–253; Giffiths, Youth, 397.

68. American Weekly Mercury (Philadelphia), Oct. 21, 1736; John Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics at the Accession of George III (Cambridge, 1976), 186–188; Stanley H. Palmer, Police and Protest in England and Ireland, 1780–1850 (Cambridge, 1988), 129–130.

69. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, I3th-18th Centuries, trans. Eric Nicholson (New York, 1990), 128; Muchembled, Violence, 241; Malcolmson, Recreations, 60–61, 75–76, 81–84; Burke, Popular Culture, 190, 201–203.

70. Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 229–230; Henry Fielding, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers and Related Writings, ed. Malvin R. Zirker (Middletown, Ct., 1988), 81; Stephen Duck, Poems on Several Occasions (London, 1736), 27.

71. Parkinson, Farmer's Tour, 440; G and NDA, Sept. 15,1767; Paul S. Seaver, "Declining Status in an Aspiring Age: The Problem of the Gentle Apprentice in Seventeenth-Century London," in Bonnelyn Young Kunze and Dwight D. Bräutigam, eds., Court, Country and Culture: Essays on Early Modern British History in Honor of Perez Zagorin (Rochester, N. Y, 1992), 139–140; Dekker, Writings, 173.

72. Oct. 13,1703, May 20, 21, 1704, Jan. 27,1707, Cowper, Diary; Oct. 15,1780, Nov. 25, 1782, Woodforde, Diary, I, 293, II, 45; Carter, Diary, I, 359; Henry Wakefield, Aug. 4, 1729, Assi 45/18/7/1; Eric Robinson, ed., John Clare's Autobiographical Writings (Oxford, 1983), 62.

73. Robinson, ed., Clare's Autobiographical Writings, 167; OBP, Oct. 16,1723, 7; May 24, 1711, Cowper, Diary; Marybeth Carlson, "Domestic Service in a Changing City Economy; Rotterdam, 1680–1780" (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of Wisconsin, 1993), 132; Fairchilds, Domestic Enemies, 209; Patricia S. Seleski, "The Women of the Laboring Poor: Love, Work and Poverty in London, 1750–1820" (Ph. D. diss., Stanford Univ., 1989), 89.

74. Jan. 24, 1770, Carter, Diary, I, 348; Fitzpatrick, ed., Washington Writings, XXXII, 246, XXXIII, 369, 444; Gladys-Marie Fry, Night Riders in Black Folk History (Knoxville, Term., 1975), 60–73; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 524–526.

75. Griffiths, Youth, 78; Manning, Village Revolts, 72–73, 97, 197, 207; Mihoko Suzuki, "The London Apprentice Riots of the 1590s and the Fiction of Thomas Deloney," Criticism 38 (19 %), 181–182; Matthiessen, Natten, 139; Thomas Willard Robisheaux, Rural Society and the Search for Order in Early Modem Germany (Cambridge, 1989), 119; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 759; Martina Orosovâ, "Bratislavski Zobräci V 18. Storoci," Slovenska Archivistika 34 (1999), 95; Faber, "Evil That Men Do," 169–171; William M. Wiecek, "The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America," WMQ, 3rd Ser., 34 (1977), 272; Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625–1742 (Oxford, 1971), 219.

76. WJ, Apr. 20, 1723; Life of Michael Martin, Who Was Executed for Highway Robbery, December 20, 1821 (Boston, 1821), 6–7; Keith Lindley, Fenland Riots and the English Revolution (London, 1982), passim; Manning, Village Revolts, 217–218; G and NDA, Aug. 24, Sept. 9, 13, 1769; J. R. Dinwiddy, "The 'Black Lamp' in Yorkshire, 1801–1802," PP 64 (1974), 118–119; Assi 45/25/2/30; Whitehall Evening-Post (London), Aug. 3, 1749; Andrew Barrett and Christopher Harrison, eds., Crime and Punishment in England: A Sourcebook (London, 1999), 169–170.

77. E. P. Thompson, "The Crime of Anonymity," in Hay et al., eds., Albion's Fatal Tree, 278; Thomas D. Morris, Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619–1860 (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1996), 330–332; Bob Scribner, "The Mordbrenner Fear," in Richard J. Evans, ed., The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History (London, 1988), 29–56; Penny Roberts, "Arson, Conspiracy and Rumor in Early Modem Europe," Continuity and Change 12 (1997), 9—29; André Abbiateci, "Arsonists in Eighteenth-Century France: An Essay in the Typology of Crime," in Forster and Ranum, eds., Deviants and the Abandoned, trans. Forster and Ranum, 157–179; Bernard Capp, "Arson, Threats of Arson, and Incivility in Early Modem England," in Peter Burke et al., eds., Civil Histories: Essays Presented to Sir Keith Thomas (Oxford, 2000), 199–200.