Рэнди Эпштейн - Возбуждённые: таинственная история эндокринологии. Властные гормоны, которые контролируют всю нашу жизнь (и даже больше)

22. Benjamin Harrow, Glands in Health and Disease (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1922).

23. Charles Benedict Davenport, “Research in Eugenics,” in Charles B. Davenport et al., eds., Scientifi c Papers of the Second International Congress of Eugenics , vol. 1: Eugenics, Genetics, and the Family (1923): 25.

24. William S. Sadler, “Endocrines, Defective Germ-Plasm, and Hereditary Defectiveness”, там же, 349.

25. Buck v. Bell, 274 U. S. 200 (1927), доступно в интернете по адресу: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/274/200/case.html.

26. Berman, The Glands Regulating Personality , 28.

27. Louis Berman, The Religion Called Behaviorism (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1927), 41.

28. Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands”; W. H. Howell, “Crime and Disturbed Endocrine Function,” Science 76, no. 1974 (1932): 8a–9a.

29. Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands.”

30. Frank Berry Sanborn, ed., Basal Metabolism, Its Determination and Application (Boston: Sanborn, 1922), 104.

31. Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands,” 10.

32. “Excerpts from the Psychiatric (“Alienist”) Testimony in the Leopold Loeb Hearing,” http://famous-trials.com/legacyftrials/LEOPLOEB/psychiatrictestimony.

33. Протоколы суда можно найти в Clarence Darrow Digital Collection, University of Minnesota Law Library, http://moses.law.umn.edu/darrow/trials.php?tid=1.

34. Karl Bowman and Harold S. Hulbert, “Nathan Leopold Psychiatric Statement,” доступно в интернете по адресу: http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/leoloeb/leopold_psych_statement.pdf, а также в “Loeb – Leopold Case: Psychiatrists Report for the Defense,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 15, no. 3 (1925): 360–378. “Loeb – Leopold Murder of Franks in Chicago May 21, 1924,” там же, 347–359, дается хронология событий.

35. Gert-Jan Lokhorst, “Descartes and the Pineal Gland,” in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2015), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/; Mark S. Morrisson, “‘Their Pineal Glands Aglow’: Theosophical Physiology in ‘Ulysses’,” James Joyce Quarterly 46, no. 3–4 (2009), 509–527.

36. Edward Tenner, “The Original Natural Born Killers,” Nautilus , September 11, 2014.

37. Higdon, Leopold and Loeb , 164.

38. Вердикт и приговор судьи Кейверли можно найти по адресу: http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/leoploeb/LEO_DEC.HTM.

Информацию о гормональных исследованиях 1920-х годов годов я взяла из Nordlund, “Endocrinology and Expectations in 1930s’ America”, Rechter, “The Glands of Destiny”, и Sengoopta, The Most Secret Quintessence of Life . Информация о жизни Штейнаха взята из Eugen Steinach and Josef Loebel, Sex and Life: Forty Years of Biological Experiments (New York: Viking, 1940) и Chandak Sengoopta, “Tales from the Vienna Labs: The Eugen Steinach – Harry Benjamin Correspondence,” Newsletter of the Friends of the Rare Book Room, New York Academy of Medicine , no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 1–2, 5–9. Более подробную информацию о Джоне Бринкли можно найти в R. Lee Alton, The Bizarre Careers of John R. Brinkley (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002) и Pope Brock, Charlatan: America’s Most Dangerous Huckster, the Man Who Pursued Him, and the Age of Flimfl am (New York: Broadway Books, 2009). Подробнее о Шарле-Эдуаре БроунСекаре читайте в Aminoff, Brown-Séquard.

1. Michael A. Kozminski and David A. Bloom, “A Brief History of Rejuvenation Operations,” Journal of Urology 187, no. 3 (2012): 1130–1134.

2. “Paris Scientist: Tells of Gland Experiments,” Los Angeles Times , June 5, 1923; “New Ponce De Leon Coming,” Baltimore Sun , September 16, 1923; “Gland Treatment Spreads in America,” New York Times , April 8, 1923; “Display Ad 205—No Title,” Los Angeles Times , June 5, 1923.

3. Hans Lisser to Dr. Cushing, July 19, 1921, in Yale University Medical School archives, HC Reprints X, no. 156.

4. См. https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8765.

5. Kozminski and Bloom, “A Brief History of Rejuvenation Operations.” Обоснование процедуры Штейнаха также дается в E. Steinach, “Biological Methods Against the Process of Old Age,” Medical Journal and Record 125, no. 2345 (1927): 78–81, 161–164.

6. Steinach and Loebel, Sex and Life , 49.

7. Там же, 70.

8. “Elixir of Life: The Brown-Séquard Discovery,” Te Aroha and Ohinemu News and Upper Thames Advocate , September 15, 1889.

9. Chandak Sengoopta, “Glandular Politics: Experimental Biology, Clinical Medicine, and Homosexual Emancipationin Fin-de-Siecle Central Europe,” Isis 89 (1998): 445–473; Chandak Sengoopta, “‘Dr Steinach coming to make old young!’: Sex Glands, Vasectomy and the Quest for Rejuvenation in the Roaring Twenties,” Endeavour 27, no. 3 (2003): 122–126.

10. Steinach and Loebel, Sex and Life , 216.

11. Drowne and Huber, The 1920s; Michael Pettit, “Becoming Glandular: Endocrinology, Mass Culture, and Experimental Lives in the Interwar Age,” American Historical Review 118, no. 4 (2013): 1052–1076.

12. Pettit, “Becoming Glandular.”

13. Laura Davidow Hirschbein, “The Glandular Solution: Sex, Masculinity, and Aging in the 1920s,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 9, no. 3 (2000): 277–304.

14. Sengoopta, The Most Secret Quintessence of Life , 57.

15. Steinach and Loebel, Sex and Life , 37.

16. Там же, 16.

17. Там же, 39.

18. Per Sodersten et al., “Eugen Steinach: The First Neuroendocrinologist,” Endocrinology 155, no. 3 (2014).

19. Steinach and Loebel, Sex and Life , 30.

20. Там же, 48.

21. Там же, 89.

22. Штейнах назвал одну из глав книги Sex and Life «Эксперименты по объяснению и эротизации». В ней он писал: «Я изобрел выражение “эротизация центральной нервной системы, или эротизация”» (30).

23. Там же, 89, 94.

24. Christopher Turner, “Vasectomania, and other Cures for Sloth,” Cabinet , Spring 2008.

25. Sengoopta, The Most Secret Quintessence of Life , 80.

26. Kozminski and Bloom, “A Brief History of Rejuvenation Operations.”

27. Stephen Lock, “‘O That I Were Young Again’: Yeats and the Steinach Operation,” British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) 287, no. 6409 (1983): 1964–1968.

28. Steinach and Loebel, Sex and Life , 178.

29. “Gland Treatment Spreads in America,” New York Times , April 8, 1923; “New Ponce De Leon Coming,” Baltimore Sun , September 16, 1923.

30. Van Buren Thorne, “The Craze for Rejuvenation,” New York Times , June 4, 1922.

31. Morris Fishbein, Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults, With Essays on Various Other Peculiar Notions in the Health Field (New York: Covici, Friede, 1932).

32. Angus McLaren, Reproduction by Design (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012), 85–86; Van Buren Thorne, “Dr. Steinach and Rejuvenation,” New York Times , June 26, 1921.

33. McLaren, Reproduction by Design , 86.

34. Sodersten et al., “Eugen Steinach.”

35. E. C. Hamblen, “Clinical Experience with Follicular and Hypophyseal Hormones,” Endocrinology 15, no. 3 (1931): 184–194; Michael J. O’Dowd and Elliot E. Phillips, “Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle,” The History of Obstetrics and Gynecology (New York: Pantheon, 1994), 255–275.

Эта глава написана на основе обширных интервью, взятых у доктора Говарда Джонса-младшего, его детей и коллег, в том числе многолетней ассистентки Джонсов Нэнси Гарсии; Мэри Ф. Дэвис; доктора Эдварда Валлаха, почетного профессора гинекологии и акушерства Медицинской школы Университета Джонса Хопкинса; доктора Алана Дешерни, старшего исследователя по репродуктивной эндокринологии и науке Национального института здравоохранения; доктора Клода Мижона, педиатра-эндокринолога из Школы медицины Джонса Хопкинса; и доктора Роберта Близзарда, почетного профессора педиатрической эндокринологии в Университете штата Вирджиния. Я читала личный архив доктора Джонса, включающий фотографии, переписку, публикации и неизданные мемуары, и консультировалась с записями Артура Хертига, гарвардского профессора патологоанатомии, в лаборатории которого была получена плацента, на которой Джорджанна Джонс совершила свое открытие (доступ к ним был предоставлен его сыном Эндрю Хертигом).

1. Автобиография Говарда Джонсамладшего, архив Джонса.

2. Edgar Allen, ed., Sex and Internal Secretions: A Survey of Recent Research (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1932).

3. Henry W. Louria and Maxwell Rossenzweig, “The Aschheim – Zondek Hormone Test for Pregnancy,” Journal of the American Medical Association 91, no. 25 (1928): 1988; “Aschheim and Zondek’s Test for Pregnancy,” Epitome of Current Medical Literature (1929) 232C; “The Zondek – Aschheim Test for Pregnancy,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 2 (1930): 251–253; George H. Morrison, “Zondek and Aschheim Test for Pregnancy,” Lancet 215, no. 5551 (1930): 161–162.

4. Howard W. Jones, Jr., “Chorionic Gonadotropin: A Narrative of Its Identifi cation and Origin and the Role of Georgeanna Seegar Jones,” Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 62, no. 1 (2007): 1–3.

5. Там же.

6. Michael Rogers, “The Double-Edged Helix,” Rolling Stone , March 25, 1976; Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (New York: Broadway Books, 2011); Jane Mainenschein, Centennial History of the Carnegie Institution of Washington , vol. 5 (Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 143.

7. Andrew Artenstein, ed., Vaccines: A Biography (New York: Springer, 2010), 152.