Питер Франкопан - Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий
- Название:Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий
- Автор:
- Жанр:
- Издательство:Литагент 5 редакция
- Год:2017
- Город:Москва
- ISBN:978-5-699-95706-4
- Рейтинг:
- Избранное:Добавить в избранное
-
Отзывы:
-
Ваша оценка:
Питер Франкопан - Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий краткое содержание
Вы увидите, что история развивалась совсем не так, как мы привыкли изучать в школе. Так, столетия назад интеллектуальные центры мира, «Оксфорды» и «Кембриджи», «Гарварды» и «Йели», находились не в Европе, а в городах Средней Азии, куда и съезжалась вся просвещенная молодежь в поисках успеха.
Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий - читать онлайн бесплатно ознакомительный отрывок
Интервал:
Закладка:
2061
‘Afghanistan: Reaction to US Strikes Follows Predictable Lines: Taliban Angry, their Opponents Support US’, US Embassy (Islamabad) cable, 21 August 1998, National Security Archive.
2062
‘Bin Ladin’s Jihad: Political Context’, US Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Intelligence Assessment, 28 August 1998, National Security Archive.
2063
‘Afghanistan: Taliban’s Mullah Omar’s 8/22 Contact with State Department’, US Department of State cable, 23 August 1998, National Security Archive.
2064
‘Osama bin Laden: Taliban Spokesman Seeks New Proposal for Resolving bin Laden Problem’, US Department of State cable, 28 November 1998, National Security Archive.
2065
Там же.
2066
‘Afghanistan: Taliban’s Mullah Omar’s 8/22 Contact with State Department’, US Department of State cable, 23 August 1998, National Security Archive.
2067
Там же.
2068
Например, ‘Afghanistan: Tensions Reportedly Mount within Taliban as Ties with Saudi Arabia Deteriorate over Bin Ladin’, US Embassy (Islamabad) cable, 28 October 1998; ‘Usama bin Ladin: Coordinating our Efforts and Sharpening our Message on Bin Ladin’, US Embassy (Islamabad) cable, 19 October 1998; ‘Usama bin Ladin: Saudi Government Reportedly Turning the Screws on the Taliban on Visas’, US Embassy (Islamabad) cable, 22 December 1998, National Security Archive.
2069
Osama bin Laden: A Case Study , Sandia Research Laboratories, 1999, National Security Archive.
2070
‘Afghanistan: Taleban External Ambitions’, US Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, 28 October 1998, National Security Archive.
2071
A. Rashid, Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond (rev. edn, London, 2008).
2072
Osama bin Laden: A Case Study , р. 13.
2073
‘Bin Ladin Determined to Strike in US’, 6 August 2001, National Security Archive.
2074
‘Searching for the Taliban’s Hidden Message’, US Embassy (Islamabad) cable, 19 September 2000, National Security Archive.
2075
The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (New York, 2004), р. 19.
2076
Там же, в разных местах.
2077
President George W. Bush, Address to the Nation on the Terrorist Attacks, 11 September 2001, PPPUS: George W. Bush, 2001 , рр. 1099–1100.
2078
‘Arafat Horrified by Attacks, But Thousands of Palestinians Celebrate; Rest of World Outraged’, Fox News, 12 September 2001.
2079
Statement of Abdul Salam Zaeef, Taliban ambassador to Pakistan, 12 September 2001, National Security Archive.
2080
Al-Jazeera, 12 September 2001.
2081
‘Action Plan as of 9/13/2001, 7:55am’, US Department of State, 13 September 2001, National Security Archive.
2082
‘Deputy Secretary Armitage’s Meeting with Pakistani Intel Chief Mahmud: You’re Either with Us or You’re Not’, US Department of State, 13 September 2001, National Security Archive.
2083
‘Message to Taliban’, US Department of State cable, 7 October 2001, National Security Archive.
2084
‘Memorandum for President Bush: Strategic Thoughts’, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 30 September 2001, National Security Archive.
2085
President Bush, State of the Union address, 29 January 2002, PPPUS: Bush, 2002 , р. 131.
2086
‘US Strategy in Afghanistan: Draft for Discussion’, National Security Council Memorandum, 16 October 2001, National Security Archive.
2087
‘Information Memorandum. Origins of the Iraq Regime Change Policy’, US Department of State, 23 January 2001, National Security Archive.
2088
‘Untitled’, Donald Rumsfeld notes, 27 November 2001, National Security Archive.
2089
Там же.
2090
‘Europe: Key Views on Iraqi Threat and Next Steps’, 18 December 2001; ‘Problems and Prospects of “Justifying” War with Iraq’, 29 August 2002. Оба выпущены US Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research Intelligence Assessment, National Security Archive. Lord Goldsmith to Prime Minister, ‘Iraq’, 30 July 2002; ‘Iraq: Interpretation of Resolution 1441’, Draft, 14 January 2003; ‘Iraq: Interpretation of Resolution 1441’, Draft, 12 February 2003, The Iraq Enquiry Archive.
2091
‘To Ousted Boss, Arms Watchdog Was Seen as an Obstacle in Iraq’, New York Times , 13 October 2013.
2092
‘Remarks to the United Nations Security Council’, 5 February 2003, National Security Archive.
2093
‘The Status of Nuclear Weapons in Iraq’, 27 January 2003, IAEA, National Security Archive.
2094
‘An Update on Inspection’, 27 January 2003, UNMOVIC, National Security Archive.
2095
Woods and Stout, ‘New Sources for the Study of Iraqi Intelligence’, esр. рр. 548–552.
2096
‘Remarks to the United Nations Security Council’, 5 February 2003; cf. ‘Iraqi Mobile Biological Warfare Agent Production Plants’, CIA report, 28 May 2003, National Security Archive.
2097
‘The Future of the Iraq Project’, State Department, 20 April 2003, National Security Archive.
2098
Ari Fleischer, Press Briefing, 18 February 2003; Paul Wolfowitz, ‘Testimony before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense’, 27 March 2003.
2099
‘US Strategy in Afghanistan: Draft for Discussion’, National Security Council Memorandum, 16 October 2001, National Security Archive.
2100
Planning Group Polo Step, US Central Command Slide Compilation, c. 15 August 2002, National Security Archive.
2101
H. Fischer, ‘US Military Casualty Statistics: Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom’, Congressional Research Service , RS22452 (Washington, DC, 2014).
2102
Оценки числа жертв среди гражданского населения в Ираке и Афганистане в период между 2001 и 2014 годами регулярно распределяются в пределах 170 000–220 000 человек. См., например, www.costsofwar.org.
2103
L. Bilmes, ‘The Financial Legacy of Iraq and Afghanistan: How Wartime Spending Decisions Will Constrain Future National Security Budgets’, Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series , March 2013.
2104
R. Gates, Memoirs of a Secretary at War (New York, 2014), р. 577.
2105
‘How is Hamid Karzai Still Standing?’, New York Times , 20 November 2013.
2106
‘Memorandum for President Bush: Strategic Thoughts’, National Security Archive.
2107
‘“Rapid Reaction Media Team” Concept’, US Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict, 16 January 2003, National Security Archive.
2108
M. Phillips, ‘Cheney Says He was Proponent for Military Action against Iran’, Wall Street Journal , 30 August 2009.
2109
‘Kerry presses Iran to prove its nuclear program peaceful’, Reuters, 19 November 2013.
2110
‘Full Text: Al-Arabiya Interview with John Kerry’, 23 January 2014. – www.alara-biya.com.
2111
President Obama, ‘Remarks by the President at AIPAC Policy Conference’, 4 March 2012, White House.
2112
D. Sanger, ‘Obama Order Sped Up Wave of Cyber-Attacks against Iran’, New York Times , 1 June 2012; D. Sanger, Confront and Conceal: Obama’s Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power (New York, 2012).
2113
B. Gelb, Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects (2006); BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2006 ; PennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal , 19 December 2005; Energy Information Administration, Caspian Sea Region: Survey of Key Oil and Gas Statistics and Forecasts , July 2006; ‘National Oil & Gas Assessment’, US Geological Survey (2005).
2114
T. Klett, C. Schenk, R. Charpentier, M. Brownfield, J. Pitman, T. Cook and M. Tennyson, ‘Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Volga-Ural Region Province, Russia and Kazakhstan’, US Geological Service (2010), рр. 3095–3096.
2115
Зеленый фронт. Вывоз чернозема в Песочине: браконьеры задержаны. Пресс Релиз. – Харьков, 12 июня 2011.
2116
World Bank, World Price Watch (Washington, DC, 2012).
2117
Афганистан отвечает за 74 процента мирового производства опиума, в 2007 году этот показатель составлял 92 процента, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime – World Drug Report 2011 (Vienna, 2011), р. 20. Как ни странно, как показывают местные цены на опий, чем более эффективна кампания по сокращению производства опиума, тем выше цены и, следовательно, более прибыльным становится выращивание и торговля. Точные цифры см. Afghanistan Opium Price Monitoring: Monthly Report (Ministry of Counter Narcotics, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Kabul, and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Kabul, March 2010).
2118
‘Lifestyles of the Kazakhstani leadership’, US diplomatic cable, EO 12958, 17 April 2008, WikiLeaks.
2119
Guardian , 20 April 2015
2120
‘President Ilham Aliyev – Michael (Corleone) on the Outside, Sonny on the Inside’, US diplomatic cable, 18 September 2009, WikiLeaks EO 12958; for Aliyev’s property holding in Dubai, Washington Post , 5 March 2010.
2121
Цитируется в ‘HIV created by West to enfeeble third world, claims Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’, Daily Telegraph , 18 January 2012.
Читать дальшеИнтервал:
Закладка:
