Сара Драй - Воды мира. Как были разгаданы тайны океанов, атмосферы, ледников и климата нашей планеты

Herbert Riehl, «Preface,» Tropical Meteorology (New York: McGrawHill, 1954).

Alfred Woodcock and J. Wyman, «Convective Motion in Air over the Sea,» Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 48 (1947): 749–776.

Michael Garstang and David Fitzjarrald, Observations of Surface to Atmosphere Interactions in the Tropics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 58.

«Interview with Joanne Simpson,» in The Bulletin Interviews , ed. Hessam Taba (Geneva: WMO, 1988), 271.

Blanchard, «Woodcock,» 460; «American Meteorological Society, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Tape Recorded Interview Project, Interview of Joanne Simpson, 6 September 1989, Interviewer Margaret LeMone» (hereafter Simpson Oral History), 21, in Papers of Joanne Simpson, 1890–2010, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute (hereafter Simpson Papers).

Simpson Papers, MC 779, Simpson 1.13, Family History Overview, Childhood, 2.

Simpson Oral History, 21.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, Simpson 1.8, Notes between Simpson and lover C, 1950s.

J. S. Malkus, «Some Results of a TradeCumulus Cloud Investigation,» Journal of Meteorology 11 (1954): 220–237.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, 1.4, Simpson letter re: self-hypnosis for migraines, January 1996.

Ibid., Journal re: Simpson and lover "C" 1952–1954, 1 of 2. Entry dated 16 October 1952.

Ibid., Simpson 2.10, Beginnings of a research career, 1953–1964.

J. S. Malkus, «Some Results,» 220–237.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, 2.10, Summary of the Meteorological Activities of Joanne S. Malkus year 1954–55, Clippings, Beginnings of a research career.

Blanchard, «Woodcock,» 460.

Henry Stommel, «Entrainment of Air into a Cumulus Cloud,» Journal of Meteorology 4 (June 1947): 91–94.

Deborah Coen, «Big Is a Thing of the Past: Climate Change and Methodology in the History of Ideas,» Journal of the History of Ideas (April 2016): 305–321.

Victor Starr, «The Physical Basis for the General Circulation,» in Compendium of Meteorology , ed. Thomas Malone (American Meteorological Society, 1951), 541.

Robert Serafin, «The Evolution of Atmospheric Measurement Systems,» in Historical Essays on Meteorology, 1919–1995 . Во время войны по всей территории США запускалось около 80 радиозондов, и после войны это количество продолжало расти.

Carl-Gustaf Rossby, «The Scientific Basis of Modern Meteorology,» in Climate and Man, Yearbook of Agriculture (Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1941), 599–655.

. New York Times , 11 January 1946, 12.

Philip Thompson, «The Maturing of the Science,» Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 68, no. 6 (June 1987): 631–637.

«Если такой суперкалькулятор будет создан, считают эксперты, его грамотное использование позволит не только сдернуть завесу тайны с неразгаданных загадок, связанных с наукой прогнозирования погоды». New York Times , 11 January 1946, 12.

«Weather to Order,» New York Times , 1 February 1947.

John von Neumann, «Can We Survive Technology?» in Fabulous Future: America in 1980 (New York: Dutton, 1956), 152.

Von Neumann, «Can We,» 108, 152.

«Weather to Order.»

«Making Weather to Order,» New York Times , 20 July 1947.

«Weather to Order.»

Nebeker, Calculating the Weather , chapter 12, «The Unification of Meteorology».

«Making Weather to Order.»

Jule Charney, «Impact of Computers on Meteorology,» Computer Physics Communications 3 (1972 Suppl.): 124.

David Atlas and Margaret LeMone, «Joanne Simpson 1923–2010,» Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering 15 (2011): 368375; W. – K. Tao et al., «Research,» 4.

Nebeker, Calculating the Weather , 124; Jacob Bjerknes, «Practical Application of H. Jeffrey's Theory of the General Circulation,» Résumé des Mémoires Réunion d'Oslo (1948): 13–14; Victor Starr, «An Essay on the General Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere,» Journal of Meteorology 5 (1948): 39–43.

Herbert Riehl and Joanne Malkus, «On the Heat Balance in the Equatorial Trough Zone,» Geophysica 6, no. 3–4 (1958): 534.

Они призывали читателей помнить о том, что «многие количественные параметры были рассчитаны как остаточные величины, а не основаны на независимых измерениях, поэтому могут быть подвержены значительным погрешностям». «On the Heat Balance,» 505.

Simpson Papers, MC779, Simpson 3.10, Joanne Simpson Notebooks on Research II: Second Set April 1957July 1959, Evolution of hot towers hypothesis, 1.

Malkus, «Large-Scale Intentions,» 95.

«Пробелы, по крайней мере, в сырой фактической информации в настоящее время быстро устраняются». Starr, «Physical Basis,» 541.

Malkus, «Some Results»; Joanne Starr Malkus and Claude Ronne, «On the Structure of Some Cumulonimbus Clouds Which Penetrated the High Tropical Atmosphere,» Tellus 6 (1954): 351–366; Joanne Starr Malkus, «On the Structure of the Trade-Wind Moist Layer,» Papers in Physical Oceanography and Meteorology 12, no. 2 (1958): 47.

См., напр.: Herbert Riehl, «On the Role of the Tropics in the General Circulation,» Tellus 2 (1951): 1–17; Herbert Riehl, Tropical Meteorology (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954), chapters 3 and 12; Herbert Riehl, «General Atmospheric Circulation of the Tropics,» Science 135 (1962): 13–22; Riehl and Malkus, «On the Heat Balance.»

Starr, «Physical Basis,» 549.

Один из ранних отчетов об этой работе см.: Herbert Riehl and Dave Fultz, «Jet Stream and Long Waves in a Steady Rotating-Dishpan Experiment: Structure of the Circulation,» Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (April 1957): 215–231; Oral History Interview with Dave Fultz, http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7ks6pzf

H. E. Willoughby, D. P. Jorgensen, R. A. Black, and S. L. Rosenthal, «Project Stormfury: A Scientific Chronicle, 1962–1983,» Bulletin American Meteorological Society 66, no. 5 (May 1985): 505.

Roger Revelle and Hans Suess, «Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 during the Past Decades,» Tellus 9, no. 1 (February 1957): 18–27.

Revelle and Suess, «Carbon Dioxide,» 20.

Richard Anthes, «Hot Towers and Hurricanes: Early Observations, Theories and Models,» in Wei-Kuo Tao, ed., Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM): A Tribute to Joanne Simpson (Boston: American Meteorological Society, 2003), 139.

Simpson Oral History, 14.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, Simpson 3.10, MalkusRiehl collaboration and Note-books, 8–10, 10.

Joanne Malkus and Herbert Riehl, «On the Dynamics and Energy Transformations in Steady-State Hurricanes,» Tellus 12, no. 1 (1960): 1–20; Herbert Riehl and Joanne Malkus, «Some Aspects of Hurricane Daisy, 1958,» Tellus B 12, no. 2 (May 1961): 181–213.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, Simpson 2.8, Scrapbook on clips, 1947–1973, «Head in clouds, mind on weather,» LA Times , 1961.

Simpson Oral History, 11.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, Simpson 3.12, Narrative The Miami Years, 1967–1974, 7; and Simpson Oral History, 15.

Ibid., Stormfury Cumulus Seeding Experiments – Joanne's model tests, Narrative The Miami Years, 1967–1974.

Ibid., Decade of Weather Modification Experiments, 1964–1974, 8.

Ibid., Narrative The Miami Years, 1967–1974.

Ibid., Stormfury Cumulus Seeding Experiments – Joanne's model tests, Narrative The Miami Years, 1967–1974, 9.

«Теперь мы можем проводить реальные эксперименты в полномасштабной атмосферной лаборатории для разработки и проверки различных гипотез искусственного воздействия». Robert Simpson and Joanne Malkus, «Experiments in Hurricane Modification,» Scientific American, 211, no. 6 (1964): 37; «Seeded Clouds 'Explode,'» Science News-Letter 86, no. 8 (1964): 115.

Simpson and Malkus, «Experiments,» 35.

John Walsh, «Weather Modification: NAS Panel Report and New Program Approved by Congress Reveal Split on Policy,» Science 147, no. 3655 (15 January 1965): 276; «Weather and Climate Modification: Report of the Special Commission on Weather Modification,» National Science Foundation and Advisory Committee on Weather Control, Final Report I, 1957.

Цит. в: Arthur Schlesinger, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002), 910.

Simpson Papers, MC 779, Simpson 3.12, Stormfury Cumulus Seeding Experiments – Joanne's model tests, Narrative The Miami Years, 1967–1974, 9.

NAS Report on Weather and Climate Modification – Problems and Prospects, NASNRC 1350 (Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council, 1966), 6.