Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 3 курс [calibre 2.43.0]

house to ... house to collect... dead, accompanied by ... man crying: "Bring out your dead!" ... rich who could afford to do so

left ... town and fled to ... country, while ... poor remained and died in great numbers.

... next year ... second misfortune came upon ... unfortunate city, namely, great fire. Out of... blue it started in ... baker's shop,

and aided by ... east wind, rapidly consumed ... wooden houses of which ... large portion of ... town was built, raging for ...

few days. Even ... great cathedral of St. Paul's was destroyed by. . fire, which, leaping across ... narrow streets reached right to

... banks of ... Thames. But ... disaster did much ... good. It destroyed many of ... dirty, unhealthy streets, and swept away ...

homes of disease, enabling ... better houses to be erected in their place.

II. ... Sir Ralph the Rover was ... wicked pirate who sailed about from ... sea to ... sea attacking ... innocent merchant ships

and robbing them of... cargo. One day he came to ... coast of Scotland and saw ... dangerous rock on which ... bell had been

placed to warn ... sailors of... presence of ... danger. Sir Ralph thought that if he removed ... bell,... merchant ships would be

wrecked upon it, and then he could easily rob them.... great pirate rowed to ... rock in ... small boat with ... party of... sailors

and cut off... bell, which sank down into ... deep water. He then sailed away across ... sea and enriched himself in ... various

parts of... world.

After about... year he returned and reached ... neighbourhood of ... famous rock.... thick fog came on, and he could not tell

where he was, though he feared he must be somewhere near ... dangerous place. How strongly he wished now that he had not

cut off ... bell from ... rock! Blindly ... ship drifted along ... shore at... mercy of... tide. All o f . . . sudden, there was ... crash;...

ship had struck ... rock! In ... few minutes ... ship filled with ... water and sank to ... bottom of ... sea with all on ... board.

86. Translate into English.

1. Они укоряли себя за то, что подвели его. Ведь он был на волосок от смерти. Его спасло чудо.

2. Курение опасно для здоровья. Это настоятельная необходимость для молодых и старых отказаться от курения.

3. Каждый день она плавала и загорала сколько ее душе было угодно, не вспоминая о прошлом и не думая о будущем.

4. У него украли машину на прошлой неделе. Полиция еще не нашла ее, но она делает все возможное.

5. Не возражаете прийти в следующий вторник? Один из приятелей Томаса собирается прочитать нам следующую главу своего

последнего романа.

6. Никогда я не смогу угадать, что происходит в этой твоей хорошенькой головке!

7. Никогда больше не надену я это платье!

8. Я люблю тебя навсегда, потому что ты — это ты.

9. Сегодня Вы спасли мою жизнь во второй раз. Вы действительно один из смелых!

10. В кемпинге мы встретили много иностранцев: одного швейцарца, двух голландцев, нескольких датчан, одного испанца и трех

португальцев.

11. — Это Айвазовский или Репин? — Это же картина "Пушкин у моря" — работа кисти Айвазовского и Репина.

12. Коровы, лошади, овцы, быки — домашний скот. Скот дает нам много продуктов питания, а также кожу и шерсть.

13. Услышав новости, которые были печальными, она не могла не расплакаться.

14. Не настаивайте, чтобы я ушла. Я пришла сюда ради своих детей.

15. Профессор, только что прочитавший лекцию, отвечал на вопросы студентов.

16. Не упорствуйте в том, чтобы вам заплатили эти деньги! Они не ваши, вы их не заработали.

17. Президент сказал, что его задача — сделать бедных богатыми, а богатых еще богаче.

18. Не зная правил игры, они ушли, не приняв в ней участия.

19. —Да знаю я его секрет!—И я тоже.

20. — Число людей, изучающих английский язык, становится все больше с каждым годом. — Да, это настоятельная необходимость

для культурных и образованных (людей).

APPENDIX

TACTIC SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS ON WRITING SUMMARY AND ESSAYS

Summary

A summary is a clear concise orderly retelling of the contents of a passage or a text and is ordinarily about 1/3 or 1/4 as

long as the original.

The student who is in the habit of searching for the main points, understanding them, learning them, and reviewing them is

educating himself. The ability to get at the essence of a matter is important. The first and most important step in making a

summary is reading the passage thoroughly. After it write out clearly in your own words the main points of the selection.

Subordinate or eliminate minor points. Retain the paragraphing of the original, unless the summary is extremely short.

Preserve the proportion of the original.

Change direct narration to indirect whenever it is possible, use words instead of word combinations and word combinations

instead of sentences. Omit figures of speech, repetitions, and most examples. Don't use personal pronouns, use proper names.

Do not introduce any extra material by way of opinion, interpretation or appreciation.

Read the selection again and criticize and revise your words.

Narrative Essay

In narrative essays you are required to tell a story or write about an event.

Instructions

1. You must do all you can to make your essay interesting. To achieve this it is necessary to include incident and details

which are drawn from everyday life or which you have imagined. Once you've found something definite to say your essay

will be interesting to read.

2. Unity. Just as it is important to connect your sentences within a paragraph, you should make sure that your paragraphs lead

on naturally to each other. Do not repeat yourself. Make sure that every paragraph adds something new to the essay.

3. Balance and proportion. The length of a paragraph will depend on what you want to say. However, do not let yourself be car-

ried away by fascinating but unimportant details. Never attempt to write an essay in a single paragraph.

4. Do not address the teacher or make comments on what you want to say like "I do not like the subject and do not know how to

begin ..." or "...and now it is time to finish my essay", etc.

5. It is absolutely necessary to read your work through when you have finished writing. While doing so keep a sharp look out

for grammatical mistakes.

6.

After you've finished your essay choose a suitable short tail. Make sure that it has to do with the subject, but it shouldn't give the

reader too much information.

Planning

It is always best to tell things the way in which they happened. Your first paragraph should set the scene. The most exciting

part of your story should come at the end, on the way you'll keep the reader in suspense.

The general outline for stories should be as follows:

Before the Event.

The Event.

After the Event.

Before working on your plan try to decide what the main event will be so that you can build up your story round it. It is not

always necessary to make out a full detailed plan. But it is wise to note a few ideas under each heading so that you have a fairly

clear picture of what you are going to say before you begin writing. Remember that a plan is only a guide.

Examine carefully the following plan:

Title: The Stranger on the Bridge.

Main Event: Late at night a man climbs over a wall surrounding a big house.

Plan:

Before the Event:

1.Midnight: bridge — cold — dark.

2.

Frank on bridge. Someone approaching. Effect on him.

3.

Steps come nearer. Frank turns to look.

4.

Pretends to stop — sees stranger: description. The Event:

5.

Conversation: man wants information.

6.

Frank suspicious: why? Follows. Outside the house. Lights, man over wall.

After the Event:

7.

Frank now sure — telephone box.

Note: 1—7 — numbers of paragraphs in the essay.

Descriptive Essay

Planning.In descriptive essay there is no underlying "story" to hold your composition together so it is necessary to think of

a central idea to which everything you describe can be related.

In descriptive writing there is no single event which will keep the reader in suspense as there is in a story. Whether or not

your essay will be exciting to read will depend entirely on the interesting details you include. In your first paragraph you

should consider the subject in general and deal with details in the paragraphs that follow. Your description may take the form

of a personal impression or may be purely imaginary.

The general outline for descriptive essay should be as follows:

Introduction.

Development.

Conclusion.

It is absolutely necessary to make out a plan noting but a few ideas under each heading. In this way you will avoid

repeating yourself.

Examine carefully the plan below:

Title: A Walk on Sunday Morning.

Central Idea: A day spent in the city can be quite so interesting as one in the country.

Plan:

Introduction.

1. Decision to spend day in the city: square — gardens.

First impressions.

Development.

2. Arrival at square: people — pigeons — statue. Incident: boy and pigeons.

3. Leave square. Public Gardens: different atmosphere.

4. Pond most interesting. Various boats.

5. Rest. Join crowd-man-model of ship. Conclusion.

6. Midday. Leave for home. Surprise that city could be so pleasant.

Write an essay on one of the following subjects (write a plan, for your teacher to refer to it if necessary):

The Conquest of Space.

An Imaginary Journey in a Balloon.

The Man or Woman you Would Like to Marry.

Sleeping in the Open.

The Crowd outside a Cinema.

A Thunderstorm.

The Indoor Game you Like Best.

A Trip down a Big River by Boat.

CONVERSATIONAL FORMULAS

Expressing and reacting to opinions

True ... but...