Яков Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс

paid for it. This problem is not worth our attention. This job is not worth the time we've spent on it.;

worth doing smth., е.g. This film is worth seeing. Books of that kind are not worth reading. This

problem isn't worth discussing. His illness is hardly worth troubling about.; worth while, е.g. It isn't

worth while seeing the film. It isn't worth while sitting here till 5 o'clock. It is worth while trying to

catch the train, I think it's worth while speaking to him about it. Cf .: This book is worth reading. — It

is worth while reading this book.

worthy adj достойный, е.g. She is a very worthy woman.; to be worthy of smth.,smb., е.g.

His behaviour is worthy of great praise.

unworthy adj недостойный

3. masterpiece n шедевр

piece n 1. кусок, ps a piece of chalk (wood, paper, etc.)

Syn. lump, slice. A slice is a thin, flat piece cut off from anything, as a slice of bread (cheese,

lemon, ham, etc.). A lumpis a small specially shaped or shapeless piece, as a lump of sugar (butter,

etc.).

to piecesна куски, е.g. The cup fell and was broken to pieces.

2. отдельный предмет, часть, е.g. a piece of furniture; a, piece of poetry (стихотворение); a

piece of painting (картина); a piece of advice (совет); apiece of news (новость);

3. монета, е.g. a two-shilling piece, a gold (silver) piece

Syn. coin(used more often than piece)

4. human adj человеческий, свойственный человеку, е.g. a human nature, the human

body, human affairs, a human being (человек); hu'mane adj гуманный, человечный

Ant. cruel

inhuman adj бесчеловечный, as inhuman treatment

humanity n ( uncountable) 1. человечество, as a crime against humanity

Syn. man'kind n (uncounfable). But 'mankindмужчины, мужской пол

2. гуманность, человечность, as to treat people with humanity

the Humanitiesгуманитарные науки; syn. the Arts, е.g. Are you interested in the

Humanities (the Arts) or in the Exact Sciences (естественные науки) ?

5. to strike (struck, struck) υt 1. ударяться, бить; to strike smb., to strike smb. (smth.)

on smth. е.g. He struck the boy a violent blow. The man struck Lanny on the face. He struck his fist

on the table.

Syn. to hit (hit, hit), е.g. Why did he hit the boy?; to hit one's hand (foot, head, etc.) on

smth., е.g. I hit my head on the low shelf.

Note: strikeand hitmay be used in the same sense — to strike or to hit smb.— but care

should be taken to use the proper verb m traditional word combinations such as to strike a match

чиркнуть спичкой, e, д. Somebody struck a match so that we couid see each other.

2. бить (о часах), е.g. It has just struck half past four. This tower clock strikes the hours.

3. поражать, удивлять, а д. We were struck by bis strange behaviour. It struck me that he

had grown so old. Many things might strike us as unusual in a foreign country.

Syn. to surprise, to astonish, to puzzle

Nоte: to be struck means"to be filled suddenly with a strong feeling of surprise". That

distinguishes the verb to strike from its synonyms to astonishand to surprise; to astonishis

stronger in meaning than to surprise, е.g. I shouldn't be surprised if it rained. I'm not surprised at

seeing you here, I've been told about your arrival. I was astonished at seeing him so changed. I was

struck by his sudden death.; to puzzlemeans "to make a person think hard before finding an

answer", e.g. His letter puzzled me. (= I didn't know why he had written it)

striking adj, as striking likeness (news, contrast) stricken pp. terror-stricken; horror-

stricken; panic-stricken

Note: the verb to strike has homonyms: a) strike υi бастовать, b) strike n забастовка, е.g.

All the railway workers joined the strike.; to go on strikeобъявлять забастовку

6. circular adj круглый, круговой, е.g. There is a circular railway running round Moscow.

A circular staircase led to the top of the tower.

circulate υ 1. циркулировать, е.g. Blood circulates in the body.; 2. передаваться,

распространяться, е.g. Bad news circulates quickly.

circulation n 1. циркуляция, е.g. The circulation of air is rather bad here, that's why it is

stuffy.; 2. распространение, обращение ( денежное), е.g. Only silver and copper coins are in

circulation now.

blood-circulation n кровообращение

circle n 1. круг, окружность, е.g. It's almost impossible to draw a circle without a pair of

compasses (без циркуля).; 2. группа, круг людей, е.g. Не belonged to the business circle of the

town.

NOTES ON HOMONYMS

Homonymsare words that coincide in form, but have different meanings and. may (or may

not) belong to different categories or parts of speech. Homonyms may coincide both in phonetic and

in graphic form, as ball, n (мяч) and ball, n (бал) or fair, adj (светлый, справедливый и др. знач.)

and fair, n (ярмарка). They may coincide only in pronunciation, but have different graphic forms, as

sea, n and to see, v. They may coincide in spelling, but be differently pronounced, as lead [led] n

(свинец) and to lead [li:d] υ (вести).

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)

Words

ancient adj

finance n

piece n

astonish υ

flood n

possibility n

built-up adj

historic adj

pound n

circle n

historical adj

puzzle υ

circular adj

human adj

sea level

circulation n

humanity n

settlement n

coin n

(the) Humanities

slice n

commerce n

lump n

stretch υ

currency n

mankind n

strike υ

double-decker n

masterpiece n

striking adj

entertainment n

Parliament n

traffic n

exhibit υ

parliamentary adj

worth n, adj

worthy adj

Word Combinations

to break to pieces

to go on a tour

to turn smth. into

smth.

a panorama (view) of

to have a possibility for

to be a surprise to

to stand for smth.

to strike a match

to be worthy of

smth.

to strike a blow

a piece of advice

to go on strike

fine and applied arts

to be a surprise to smb.

to take a trip

Proper Names

Roman

the Victoria and Albeit Museum

the Thames

Constable

Londinium

the Natural History Museum

Westminster

the Science Museum

Whitehall

the Museum of London

Downing Street

Hyde Park

Fleet Street

the Serpentine

St. Paul's Cathedral

Marble Arch

South Kensington

Kensington Gardens

Regent's Park

EXERCISES

1. Read the text and talk as the following points (A. Grammar, B. Word usage,

С. Word-formation):

A. 1. What tense group is mainly used in the text and why?

2. Find passive voice constructions and translate the sentences with them.

B. Translate the sentences beginning with just as ... sointo Russian.

C. Search the text for compounds, comment on their structure. Find derivatives with the

suffixes -ment, -er, -lyand classify them according to the category of speech.

II. a) Search tee text and the footnotes for the English equivalents of the

sentences and phrases listed below:

A.1. превратить маленькое кельтское поселение в крупный торговый город; 2. иметь

возможности для развлечений и занятий спортом; 3. музей стоит осмотреть; 4. великолепное

собрание произведений изобразительного и прикладного искусства; 5. совершить прогулку на

речном трамвае по Темзе; 6. обозначать, подразумевать; 7. открывается панорама города.

B.1. солидные, «серьезные» газеты; 2. сообщения о событиях внутри страны и за

рубежом; 3. спортивные новости; 4. сплетни, не представляющие интереса; 5. перейти на

десятичную денежную систему; б. монета в 50 пенсов.

b) Use them in sentences of your own.

III. a) Spell and give the four forms of the following verbs:

[grEu], [bIld], [q'trxkt], [send], [dI'spleI], [flEu], [laI], ['hArI], [straIk], [pAzl].

b) Transcribe the following words:

Celtic, settlement, commerce, finance, explore, kilometre, parliamentary, magnificent,

ceramics, metalwork, photography, atomic, royal, canal, sunbather, major, barrier, panorama, double-

decker, disaster.

c) Write the degrees of comparison of:

narrow, small, great, old, quiet, worthy, busy, easy.

d) Find homonyms in Text of Unit Three.

IV. a) Analyse the morphological structure of the word sizable, explain its