Светлана Дмитриева - Английский язык для студентов сельскохозяйственных вузов

1) I get up at … 2) I have breakfast at … 3) Classes start at … 4) I come home at … 5) My friend comes for me at … 6) In the evening I … 7) I go to bed at …

Students’ participation in research is one of the most effective methods for training highly-qualified specialists capable of taking part in the rapidly developing scientific and technological revolution.

Students are encouraged to participate widely in research while still at college. The program of studies is designed in such a way as to draw students ever deeper into scientific research.

Research enables the students to improve their knowledge and put to practical use the things which have been learnt at lectures, seminars and laboratories. Thanks to the research the practical value of knowledge is being realized, the basic experimental techniques are being mastered, handling modern equipment is being learnt and the results of the experiments are being analyzed during the whole period of study.

Such students graduate as highly-skilled specialists. And this is one of the most important tasks facing the college.

There are students research societies at every university and institute. Contests, competitions and exhibitions are based on students’ research. They have become an established tradition.

Every year a country-wide student contest is held for the best research project. The winners are awarded special medals and diplomas.

Students are engaged in research under guidance of professors, instructors, engineers and post-graduates. As a rule, term papers and graduation thesis are written on the problems of the students’ research work. Experimental and industrial installations are performed, theoretical investigations are conducted, and scientific literature on the specialty is studied.

Quite a number of term papers and graduation theses include elements of research which have been done at some higher school department on contact with farm or industrial enterprises. Term papers, research work, graduation theses of practical importance are regarded as the stages of turning students into skilled specialists.

participation – участие

to encourage – поощрять

to design – составлять, разрабатывать, проектировать

to draw (drew, drawn) into research – вовлекать в исследования

to enable – давать возможность

value – ценность

to graduate from – окончить вуз

contest – конкурс

to award – награждать

to maintain – поддерживать

to involve – включать, вовлекать

Exercise 1. Scan the text.

Exercise 2. Match English equivalents with the phrases:

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1) What is one of the most effective methods for training highly qualified specialists?

2) When are students encouraged to participate in research?

3) What does research enable the students to improve?

4) Under whose guidance are students engaged in research?

5) How are graduation theses of practical importance regarded?

Exercise 4. Express your thoughts to develop the idea: “University work is a process of self-education”.

State higher education in the Russian Federation comprises 522 higher education institutions, not including military institutions.

The non-state sector with more than 330 higher education institutions has evolved over recent years. There are also 24 preparatory departments available to foreign students.

The levels of studies are:

Level 1lasts 2 years. Students study for a Bachelor’s or specialist intermediate diploma.

Level 2marks the continuation of studies for an additional two years leading to a Bachelor’s degree.

Level 3represents an educational level common to both the Master’s Diploma and the Specialist diploma.

The academic year lasts from September to June. There are two semesters.

The number of students who study free of charge (those who don’t pay for their education) is limited by the number of scholarships. All applicants are to present a school leaving certificate and a medical cerificate confirming their good state of health.

Every institute selects its students mainly on the results of entrance examinations.

preparatory departments – подготовительные отделения

school leaving certificate – аттестат зрелости

medical certificate confirming their good state of health – справка о состоянии их здоровья

Exercise 1. Scan the text and suggest a title for it.

Exercise 2. Find sentences about:

a) the number of institutions of higher education in Russia;

b) the preparatory department for foreign students;

c) the levels of studies;

d) the main documents for presentation before entrance examinations

What date is it today? – Какое сегодня число?

What day is it today? – Какой день недели?

Today is … – Сегодня …

What was your home task for today? – Что вам задано на сегодня?

We were to (read, translate, retell …) – Нам нужно было ( прочитать…)

What is your opinion of the text? – Ваше мнение о тексте?

To my mind it is (difficult, interesting, boring) – По-моему, текст трудный, (интересный, скучный)

How much time did it take you to read and translate it? – Сколько времени у Вас ушло на его перевод?

It took me (about) … – у меня ушло …

Your mark is … – Ваша оценка …

Четвертый тип слога (гласн. + r + e или другой гласн.)

!!! Remember[εə] where, there; [a: ] are; [ə:] were; [uə] sure Exercise 1. Read the words correctly.

a) aware, rare, rarely, spare, declare, fare, stare, dare, prepare, compare, bare, parent, share, care, square, hare, Mary, vary, glare.

b) shore, store, adore, more, sore, before, score, ignore, story, core, explore, restore, forest, pore, wore.

c) during, pure, obscure, secure, endure, furious, curiosity, purify, purification, mature, injury.

d) tired, retired, wire, admire, sire, fire, fire-place, desire, iron, dire, tyre, require, requirement.

Чтение буквосочетаний “eigh”, “igh”, “ough”

!!! Remember[ai] height

Exercise 2. Read the words correctly.

Weight, might, fight, thought, eight, weigh, high, night, knight, flight, bought, fought, brought, light, delightful, sight, mighty, bright, slight, slightest.

“th” Звуки, данного буквосочетания не типичны для русской речи. Чтобы произнести их правильно, нужно поместить кончик языка между зубами. При этом губы растянуты. Буквосочетание произносится, как звук [ð] (звонкий), в служебных словах ( артикли, союзы и т. д. ), местоимениях и между двумя гласными. E.g. this, the, that, weather. В остальных случаях это сочетание даёт глухой звук [θ] E.g. third, think, breath.

Exercise 3. Read the words correctly.

With, without, then, than, this, these, thus, they, that, those, there, their, them, bathe, lathe, other, another, mother, further, father, gather, together, weather, whether, leather, feather, though, brother, bother, path, south, breath.

Слово it многофункционально. От его функций зависит перевод.

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences.

1) It is my bag. It is new. I like it. It is red. 2) It is winter now. It is cold and frosty. 3) It is Mike who knows English well. 4) It is me who is to do the experiment. 5) It is your mistake. 6) It is late. 7) It is 7 o’clock now. 8) It’s no use arguing with him.

Существительное-это часть речи, отвечающая на вопросы: кто? что? и обозначающая лицо, предмет или явление. Существительные могут быть исчисляемыми ( для которых применим счёт, а потому имеют форму множественного числа a tree – trees; a book – books ) и неисчисляемыми ( которые нельзя посчитать 1, 2, 3… и не имеют формы множественного числа gold, time, blood, food ).

В английском языке имя существительное обладает следующими категориями:

1) Род (gender) 2 2 Рода, как грамматической категории, в английском языке у существительных нет. Род может передаваться в лексическом значении слова, а морфологических показателей нет, за некоторым исключением: poet – poetess, lion – lioness, wait – waitress etc.

2) Число (number)

3) Падеж (case)

В современном английском языке род представляет собой понятие смысловое: все существительные, обозначающие людей, принадлежат к мужскому роду ( если относятся к мужскому полу) и могут заменяться местоимением he ; а также, к женскому роду ( если относятся к женскому полу) и заменяются местоимением she. Все неодушевлённые предметы, явления и процессы относятся к среднему роду и могут заменяться местоимением it. Помимо названий предметов, к среднему роду в английском языке относят и категорию животных, но в современной устной практике местоимение it часто заменяют местоимениями he или she ( если животное вам хорошо известно или является героем сказки, либо текст относится к теме животноводства ).