Эмили Остер - Спокойная и уверенная
- Название:Спокойная и уверенная
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- Издательство:Манн, Иванов и Фербер
- Год:2020
- Город:Москва
- ISBN:9785001464495
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44
Фетальные расстройства алкогольного спектра (FASD) — это комплекс физических аномалий и нейроповеденческого дефицита, который может серьезно поражать потомство сильно пьющих матерей. Прим. перев.
45
Когнитивные нарушения — это снижение памяти, умственной работоспособности и других когнитивных функций по сравнению с исходным уровнем (индивидуальной нормой). Прим. науч. ред.
46
C. O’Leary et al., “Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Language Delay in 2-Year-Old Children: The Importance of Dose and Timing on Risk,” Pediatrics 123, no. 2 (February 2009): 547–54.
47
K. Sayal et al., “Binge Pattern of Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy and Childhood Mental Health Outcomes: Longitudinal Population-Based Study,” Pediatrics 123, no. 2 (February 2009): e289–96.
48
Трудно понять, почему это происходит. Поскольку фетальный алкогольный синдром обычно становится результатом запоя, возможно, это связано с тем, что в США больше неравенства в употреблении спиртного. Многие люди вообще не пьют, а кто-то становится запойным алкоголиком — в отличие от других стран, где большинство людей пьют умеренно.
49
E. L. Abel, “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: The ‘American Paradox,’” Alcohol and Alcoholism 33, no. 3 (May — June 1998): 195–201.
50
B. L. Anderson et al., “Knowledge, Opinions, and Practice Obstetrician-Gynecologists Regarding Their Patients’ Use J Addict Med 4, no. 2 (June 2010): 114–21.
51
M. Robinson et al., “Low-Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Risk to Child Behavioural Development: A Prospective Cohort” BJOG 117, no. 9 (August 2010): 1139–50.
52
F. V. O’Callaghan et al., “Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Learning and Intellectual Ability at 14 Years: A Prospective Study,” Early Human Development 83, no. 2 (February 2007): 115–23.
53
Матрицы Равена (Raven Progressive Matrices) предназначены для определения уровня умственного (интеллектуального) развития испытуемых в возрасте от 4,5 до 65 лет и старше. Прим. науч. ред.
54
Этот график показывает коэффициенты, скорректированные с демографией и весом матерей.
55
Foster’s Group — австралийская пивоваренная компания, также занимающаяся производством вина и безалкогольных напитков. Винодельческое подразделение компании — Beringer Blass — седьмой по величине производитель вина в США. Прим. перев.
56
R. Alati et al., “Intrauterine Exposure to Tobacco Use and Childhood IQ: Findings from a Parental-Offspring Comparison within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Pediatric Research” 64, no. 6 (December 2008): 659–66.
57
В этом конкретном исследовании учитывалось много информации о детях — включая факты употребления спиртного отцом, — и после корректировки всего, что касается ребенка, данные все еще подтверждали, что результаты тестов детей не выявили влияния на них употребления спиртного женщинами во время беременности.
58
S. J. Lewis, et al., “Fetal Alcohol Exposure Age 8: Evidence from a Population-Based Birth-Cohort Study,” 7, no. 11 (2012): e49407.
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A. Skogerbo et al., “The Effects Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking in Early Executive Function in 5-Year-Old Children,” BJOG 119, September 2012): 1201–10.
60
B. Sood et al., “Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Child Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: Dose Response Pediatrics” 108, no. 2 (2001): e34.
61
K. Albertsen et al., “Consumption During Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Delivery,” American Journal of Epidemiology 159, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 61; F. Parazzini et al., “Moderate Alcohol Drinking and of Preterm Birth,” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, October 2003): 1345–49; J. Henderson, R. Gray, and P. Brocklehurst, Review of Effects of Low-Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Pregnancy Outcome,” BJOG 114 (2007): 243–52.
62
Henderson, Brocklehurst, “Systematic Review of Effects of Low-Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Pregnancy Outcome,” BJOG 243–52.
63
A. al., D. A. Savitz, “Re: Moderate Alcohol Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Death” International Journal of Epidemiology (2012): 1–9.
64
A. al., D. A. Savitz, “Re: Moderate Alcohol Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Death” International Journal of Epidemiology (2012): 1–9.
65
M. Robinson et al., “Low-Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Risk Child Behavioral Development: A Prospective Cohort Study,” BJOG no. 9 (August 2010): 1139–50.
66
O’Leary et al., “Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Language Delay in 2-Year-Old Children.”
67
B. Larroque and M. Kaminski, “Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Development at Preschool Age: Main Results of a French Study,” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22, no. 2 (1998): 295–303.
68
A. Streissguth et al., “IQ at Age 4 in Relation to Maternal Alcohol Use and Smoking during Pregnancy,” Developmental Psychology 25, no. 1 (1989): 3–11.
69
Albertsen et al., “Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy and the Preterm Delivery”; Parazzini et al., “Moderate Alcohol Drinking of Preterm Birth.”
70
A. Nehlig and G. Debry, “Potential Teratogenic and Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Coffee and Caffeine Exposure: A Review and Animal Data,” Neurotoxicology and Teratology 16, no. 531–43.
71
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72
D. A. Savitz et al., “Caffeine and Miscarriage Risk,” Epidemiology 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 55–62.
73
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/AN01211.
74
Mountain Dew — безалкогольный сильногазированный прохладительный напиток, торговая марка американской компании PepsiCo. Прим. перев.
75
B. H. Bech et al., “Coffee and Fetal Death: Study with Prospective Data,” American Journal of Epidemiology 2005): 983–90.
76
X. Weng, R. Odouli, and D. Li, “Maternal Consumption during Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage: Prospective Cohort Study,” American Journal of Obstetrics and 198: 279. e1–279. e8.
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J. D. Peck, A. Leviton, and L. D. Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence Concerning the Reproductive Health Effects of Caffeine Consumption: A 2000–2009 Update,” and Chemical Toxicology 48, no. 10 (2010): 2549–76.
78
Weng, Odouli, and Li fi “Coffee and Fetal Death: A Cohort Study Prospective Data”.
79
L. Fenster et al., Caffeinated Beverages, Decaffeinated Coffee and Spontaneous Abortion,” Epidemiology 8, no. 5 (September 1997): 515–23.
80
B. H. Bech of Reducing Caffeine Intake on Birth Weight and Length Randomized Controlled Trial,” BMJ 334, no. 7590 (February 2007): 409.
81
J. L. Moderate Caffeine Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Intrauterine Growth Retardation,” JAMA 269, no. 5 (February 3, 1993): 593–97.
82
B. H. Bech et al., “Coffee and Fetal Death: A Cohort Study with Prospective”, American Journal of Epidemiology 162 (2005): 983–90.
83
S. Cnattingius et al., “Caffeine Intake and the Risk of First-Trimester Spontaneous Abortion,” New England Journal of Medicine 343, no. 25 (December 2000): 1839–45.
84
M. H. Aliyu et al., “Association between Tobacco Use in Pregnancy and Placenta-Associated Syndromes: A Population-Based Study,” Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 283, no. 4 (April 2011): 729–34.
85
V. W. Jaddoe et al., “Active and Passive Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and the Risks of Low Birthweight and Preterm Birth: The Generation R Study,” Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 22, no. 2 (March 2008): 162–71.
86
P. Fleming and P. S. Blair, “Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Parental Smoking,” Early Human Development 83, no. 11 (November 2007): 721–25.
87
G. Salmasi et al., Knowledge Synthesis Group, “Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses,” Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologia Scandinavica 89, no. 4 (2010): 423–41.
88
Aliyu et al., “Association between Tobacco Use in Pregnancy and Placenta-Associated Syndromes.”
89
J. Lumley et al., “Interventions Promoting Smoking Cessation Pregnancy” (Review), Cochrane Database of Systematic article no. CD001055 (October 18, 2004).
90
J. Lumley et al., “Interventions Promoting Smoking Cessation Pregnancy” (Review), Cochrane Database of Systematic article no. CD001055 (October 18, 2004).
91
T. Coleman, C. Chamberlain, and J. Leonardi-Bee, “Efficacy and Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” 106, no. 1 (January 2011): 52–61.
92
C. Oncken et al., “Nicotine Gum Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Obstetrics & Gynecology no. 4 (October 2008): 859–67.
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