Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{162} Roland Teske, ed., Answer to Faustus, a Manichaean (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2007).

{163} Augustine, «Contra Faustum», book xxii, на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/140622.htm.

{164} Augustine, «Contra Faustum», book xxii, at http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/140622.htm.

{165} John Calvin, Commentaries on the Book of Joshua, trans. Henry Beveridge, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom07.html.

{166} Calvin, Commentaries, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom07.ix.ii.html. Ronald Goetz, «Joshua, Calvin, and Genocide», Theology Today 32, no. 3 (1975), на сайте http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/oct1975/v32–3-article5.htm.

{167} Calvin, Commentaries, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom07.xiii.iii.html.

{168} Calvin, Commentaries, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom07.xiii.iii.html.

{169} Calvin, Commentaries, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom07.ix.ii.html.

{170} «Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary on the Bible», на сайте http://mhc.biblecommenter.com/joshua/8.htm. Сравни Stephen J. Stein, «Jonathan Edwards and the Cultures of Biblical Violence», in Harry S. Stout, Kenneth P. Minkema, Caleb J. D. Maskell, eds., Jonathan Edwards at 300 (Lanham, MD: Univ. Press of America, 2005), 54–64.

{171} О дискуссиях XIX века см. Timothy Larsen, Contested Christianity (Waco, TX: Baylor Univ. Press, 2004).

{172} R. L. Dugdale, The Jukes, rep. ed. (New York: Arno Press, 1970); Henry Herbert Goddard, The Kallikak Family (New York: Arno Press, 1973 [1912]); Nathaniel Deutsch, Inventing America’s «Worst» Family (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2009). О движении сторонников евгеники — см. Elof Axel Carlson, The Unfit (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001); Edwin Black, War Against the Weak (London: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003).

{173} Christine Rosen, Preaching Eugenics (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004).

{174} Jonathan Bayley, From Egypt to Canaan (London: George P. Alvey, 1867), 93. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior, 77–80, называет это аргументом «ради большего блага».

{175} John W. Haley, An Examination of the Alleged Discrepancies of the Bible (Andover, MA: Warren F. Draper, 1876), 95; курсив мой.

{176} Reuben Archer Torrey, Difficulties and Alleged Errors and Contradictions in the Bible (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1907 [1900]), 47–52.

{177} Torrey, Difficulties, 47.

{178} Все цитаты из Torrey, Difficulties, 48–49.

{179} Обе цитаты из Torrey, Difficulties, 49–50.

{180} Thomas W. Davis, Shifting Sands (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004); Burke O. Long, Planting and Reaping Albright (University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1997).

{181} William Foxwell Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity, 2nd ed. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1957 [1940]), 280–81; Michael Prior, Zionism and the State of Israel (London: Routledge, 1999), 169–70; Keith W. Whitelam, The Invention of Ancient Israel (London: Routledge, 1996).

{182} Michael Prior, ed., Western Scholarship and the History of Palestine (London: Melisende, 1998). Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity, 281.

{183} Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity, 281.

{184} Название «Ai Spy» — см. L. Daniel Hawk, Joshua (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2000), 107–35. Другие книги, где достаточно глубоко рассматривается вопрос о «военных преступлениях» — см., например, Jerome Creach, Joshua (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003). Дискуссии евангелических христиан о нравственной стороне завоевания — см. Paul Copan, «Is Yahweh a Moral Monster?» Philosophia Christi 10, no. 1 (2008): 7–37; Wesley Morriston, «Did God Command Genocide?» Philosophia Christi 11, no. 1 (2009): 7–26; Randal Rauser, «Let Nothing That Breathes Remain Alive», Philosophia Christi 11, no. 1 (2009): 27–41; Paul Copan, «Yahweh Wars and the Canaanites», Philosophia Christi 11, no. 1 (2009): 73–91.

{185} Paul Copan, «Yahweh Wars and the Canaanites», на сайте http://epsociety.org/library/articles. asp? pid=63&ap=2. Paul Copan, Is God a Moral Mon ster? (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 2011), 158–97.

{186} C. S. Cowles, Eugene H. Merrill, Daniel L. Gard, and Tremper Longman III, Show Them No Mercy (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003), 31.

{187} Cowles et al., Show Them No Mercy, 93. Относительно Eugene H. Merrill см. его работу Deuteronomy (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1994).

{188} «Самовольными захватчиками…» из H. Merrill, Deuteronomy (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1994), 176–80, сравни 286–87; «педагогическая ценность» из Cowles et al., Show Them No Mercy, 87.

{189} Daniel L. Gard in Cowles et al., Show Them No Mercy, 55.

{190} «Joshua and the Conquest of Canaan», на сайте http://www.bible-history.com/old-testament/joshua-promised-land. html.

{191} Ralph F. Wilson, «Why the Slaughter of Jericho?» at http://www.jesuswalk.com/joshua/herem. htm.

{192} «God’s Command to Exterminate the Canaanites», at http://reformedbaptistfellowship.wordpress.com/2007/05/21/god%E2 %80 %99s-command-to-exterminate-the-canaanites-a-biblical-apology/.

{193} James F. Williams, «How Can a Just God Order the Slaughter of Men, Women and Children?» на сайте http://www.probe.org/site/c. fdKEIMNsEoG/b. 4220297/k. 6E2/How_Can_a_Just_God_Order_the_Slaughter_of_Men_Women_and_Children. htm.

{194} C. S. Cowles, Eugene H. Merrill, Daniel L. Gard, and Tremper Longman III, Show Them No Mercy (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003), 94. Название данной главы «Приказ о проведении геноцида» позаимствован из знаменитой книги Нормана Кона об истоках антисемитизма.

{195} «Наш долг…» — цитируется по Elliott Horowitz, Reckless Rites (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2006), 120–21; Ralph Niger, которого цитирует Andrew Holt, «Feminine Sexuality and the Crusades», in Albrecht Classen, ed., Sexuality in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times (New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2008), 449–70. О средневековом образе Моисея как полководца см. Meyer Schapiro, Words and Pictures (The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton, 1973), 20–22.

{196} James Turner Johnson, Ideology, Reason, and the Limitation of War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1975); James Turner Johnson, The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions (University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1997).

{197} R. Joseph Hoffmann, ed., The Just War and Jihad (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2006).

{198} О таборитах см. Wolfgang Menzel, The History of Germany from the Earliest Period to 1842 (London: George Bell, 1908), 167; Martin Luther, «How Christians Should Regard Moses», в издании Timothy F. Lull, ed., Martin Luther’s Basic Theological Writings, 2nd ed. (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2005), 124–32.

{199} Timothy George, «War and Peace in the Puritan Tradition», Church History 53, no. 4 (1984): 492–503.

{200} John Knox, A Vindication of the Doctrine That the Sacrifice of the Mass Is Idolatry (1550) на сайте http://www.swrb.ab.ca/newslett/actualNLs/vindi cat. htm. Его слова о новом Финеесе — см. Franklin L. Ford, Political Murder (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1985), 154.

{201} Thomas Harding, ed., The Decades of Henry Bullinger (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1849), 376–77 — «против неисправимых людей…» 380 — «законы войны…». Johnson, Ideology, Reason, and the Limitation of War, 110–17.

{202} Цитируется по Johnson, Ideology, Reason, and the Limitation of War, 118–33: слова о солдате — 122.

{203} Цитируется по Johnson, Ideology, Reason, and the Limitation of War, 128.

{204} Michael Braddick, God’s Fury, England’s Fire (London: Penguin, 2009).

{205} John Morrill, «The Faith of Oliver Cromwell», Honeyman Lecture, Tyndale College, Toronto, Canada, 10 Mar. 2009, доступна на сайте http://alumni.tyndale.ca/. Дискуссии о мотивах поведения Финееса — см. Martin Dzelzainis, «Incendiaries of the State», in Thomas Corns, ed., The Royal Image (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999), 74–95.

{206} Цитируется по Kerby A. Miller, Arnold Schrier, Bruce D. Boling, and David N. Doyle, eds., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003), 5.

{207} John McDonnell, The Ulster Civil War of 1641 and Its Consequences (Dublin, Ireland: M. H. Gill, 1879), 120–22; «падут все те проклятия…» из Timothy Gorringe, God’s Just Vengeance (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996), 27.

{208} Anthony D. Smith, Chosen Peoples (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003), 142. A. R. Fausset, A Critical and Expository Commentary on the Book of Judges (London: James Nisbet, 1885), 26.

{209} Matthew Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation (New York: Garland, 1978 [1730]), 263–64.

{210} Цитируется по Alfred A. Cave, «Canaanites in a Promised Land», American Indian Quarterly 12, no. 4 (1988): 286; сравни Michael Prior, The Bible and Colonialism (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997). О влиянии Библии на развитие представлений о расе в начале периода Современности см. Colin Kidd, The Forging of Races (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006).

{211} John Winthrop, «A Modell of Christian Charity» (1630), на сайте http://www.academicamerican.com/colonial/docs/winthrop. htm. Conrad Cherry, ed., God’s New Israel, rev. ed. (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1998), 30–60. О мифологии исхода из Земли обетованной см. Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1985). John Corrigan, «Amalek and the Religious Rhetoric of Extermination», in Chris Beneke and Christopher S. Grenda, eds., The First Prejudice (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010), 53–73.

{212} Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana, 2 vols. (Hartford, CT: S. Andrus and son, 1853–1855), vol. 1, 553. Corrigan, «Amalek and the Religious Rhetoric of Extermination»; John Corrigan and Lynn S. Neal, eds., Religious Intolerance in America (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2010).

{213} Michael Wigglesworth, «God’s Controversy with New England», доступно на сайте http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/etas/36/.