Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{214} Increase Mather, «A Brief History of the War with the Indians in New England», на сайте http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/31/. «В этот день…» — цитата из «Diary by Increase Mather», на сайте http://www.archive.org/stream/matherdiary00mathrich/ matherdiary00mathrich_djvu. txt.

{215} Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana, vol. 2, 552–80, о войнах с индейцами, и vol. 1, 118–31, об «американском Неемии»; «пока вы на поле битвы…» из Susan Niditch, War in the Hebrew Bible (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1993), 3–4, проповедь Мазера 1689 года «Souldiers Counselled and Comforted» цитируется в книге Elliott Horowitz, Reckless Rites, 121.

{216} Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1960); Henry Gibbs, The Right Method of Safety (Boston, MA: 1704); Theodore Roosevelt, The Winning of the West (New York: Putnam, 1906), vol. 3, 14. См. John Corrigan, «Amalek and the Religious Rhetoric of Extermination», где приводится ряд подобных примеров, относящихся к Америке XVIII и XIX веков. Сравни Chris Mato Nunpa, «A Sweet-Smelling Sacrifice», in Steven L. Jacobs, ed., Confronting Genocide (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009).

{217} Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, на сайте http://books.eserver.org/nonfiction/franklin/bf6.html.

{218} Cherry, ed., God’s New Israel, 61–112. Второе инаугурационное обращение Джефферсона — см. http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres17.html.

{219} Образ Моисея в мифологии Америки — см. Bruce Feiler, America’s Prophet (New York: William Morrow, 2009). Образы насилия, наполнявшие религиозный дискурс американцев того времени, — см. Jeffrey Williams, Religion and Violence in Early American Methodism (Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 2010).

{220} Times — см. Christopher Herbert, War of No Pity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2007), 107; Brian Stanley, «Christian Responses to the Indian Mutiny of 1857», in W. J. Sheils, ed., The Church and War (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983), 277–89.

{221} Edward Curtis, «The Blessing of Jael», The Old Testament Student, 4 (1884): 12–18.

{222} Donald Harman Akenson, God’s Peoples (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 1992), 66–69.

{223} Anthony D. Smith, Chosen Peoples (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003).

{224} Лев 20:2–7; Исх 34:13.

{225} Хорма упоминается в Суд 1:17. Ludwig A. Rosenthal, «Einiges uber die Agada in der Mechilta», in George Alexander Kohut, ed., Semitic Studies in Memory of Rev. Dr. Alexander-Kohut (Berlin: S. Calvary, 1897), 463–84; Franz Meffert, Israel und der alte Orient (Monchengladbach, Germany: Volksvereins-Verlag, 1921).

{226} Энгельс и «Ausrottung» — см. на сайте http://www.mlwerke.de/me/me16/me16_459.htm.

{227} David Olusoga and Casper W. Erichsen, The Kaiser’s Holocaust (London: Faber & Faber, 2010); Isabel V. Hull, Absolute Destruction (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 2005); Carl-J. Hellberg, Mission, Colonialism and Liberation (Windhoek, Namibia: New Namibia Books, 1997); Jan-Bart Gewald, «The Great General of the Kaiser», Botswana Notes and Records 26 (1994): 67–76.

{228} Cathie Carmichael, Genocide Before the Holocaust (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2009); Volker M. Langbehn, ed., German Colonialism, Visual Culture, and Modern Memory (New York: Routledge, 2010); Shelley Baranowski, Nazi Empire (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010).

{229} Dickson Adeyanju, «Pastor Bakare and His Burden of Prophecies», на сайте http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/particles/pastor_bakare_and_his_burden_of. htm.

{230} David F. Dawes, «Rwanda’s Genocide», at http://www.canadianchristianity.com/cgi-bin/bc. cgi? bc/bccn/0601/intrwanda.

{231} 2 Макк 12:13–16. Lawrence H. Schiffman and Joel B. Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition (New York: KTAV, 2007); Frank Ritchel Ames, «The Meaning of War», in Brad E. Kelle and Frank Ritchel Ames, eds., Writing and Reading War (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2008), 19–32. О сложных нюансах установок евреев относительно войны и насилия на протяжении их многовековой истории см. Robert Eisen, The Peace and Violence of Judaism (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2011).

{232} Michael Wise, Martin Abegg, Jr., and Edward Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996), 151, 150–72; Geza Vermes, ed., The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English (New York: Allen Lane/Penguin Press, 1997), 161–89; Jean Duhaime, The War Texts (London: T&T Clark, 2004).

{233} Tremper Longman III and Daniel G. Reid, God Is a Warrior (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995).

{234} Gerard Garitte, ed., La Prise de Jerusalem par les Perses en 614 (Louvain, Belgium: Secretariat du CorpusSCO, 1960); Seth Schwartz, Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 b. c. e. to 640 c. e. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2001); Elliott Horowitz, Reckless Rites (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2006), 228–41; Leo Dupree Sandgren, Vines Intertwined (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2010).

{235} Сир 45:28; 1 Мак 2:26. Mark Andrew Brighton, The Sicarii in Josephus’s Judean War (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2009).

{236} «Phinehas», Jewish Encyclopedia, на сайте http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ view. jsp? artid=282&letter=P; «Zealots», Jewish Encyclopedia, на сайте http:// www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view. jsp? artid=49&letter=Z. Финеес как апокалиптический герой — см. James Hastings, ed., A Dictionary of the Bible (New York: Scribner, 1900), 854. О комментариях на отрывок про Финееса см. Judah J. Slotki, ed., «Numbers», in Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, 13 vols. in 10 (London: Soncino Press, 1939), vol. 6, 827–52: «Если кто-то прольет…» — 829–30.

{237} Shalom Carmy, «The Origin of Nations and the Shadow of Violence», in Schiffman and Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition, 163–200; Alastair G. Hunter, «(De) Nominating Amalek», in Jonneke Bekkenkamp and Yvonne Sherwood, eds., Sanctified Aggression (London: T&T Clark, 2003), 92–108.

{238} Исх 17:14–15. Louis H. Feldman, «Remember Amalek!» (Detroit, MI: Wayne State Univ. Press, 2004).

{239} Norman Lamm, «Amalek and the Seven Nations», in Schiffman and Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition, 201–38.

{240} Jon D. Levenson, Esther (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997); Michael V. Fox, Character and Ideology in the Book of Esther, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001); Carol M. Bechtel, Esther (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 2002); Sidnie White Crawford and Leonard J. Greenspoon, eds., The Book of Esther in Modern Research (London: T&T Clark International, 2003).

{241} Maurice Simon, ed., «Esther», in Freedman and Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, vol. 9, 92ff: «Моего предка Агага…» — 96. Elaine Rose Glickman, Haman and the Jews (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1999); Jo Carruthers, Esther Through the Centuries (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008). О чтении в синагогах — см. Eveline van Staalduine-Sulman, The Targum of Samuel (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2002), 320.

{242} Эсфирь 9:16. See Horowitz, Reckless Rites.

{243} J. Rabbinowitz, ed., «Deuteronomy», in Freedman and Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, vol. 7, 111. Charlotte E. Fonrobert and Martin S. Jaffee, eds., The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).

{244} Цитата из Мехилты по Moshe Sokolow, «What Is This Bleeting of Sheep in My Ears?» in Schiffman and Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition, 149; Avi Sagi, «The Punishment of Amalek in Jewish Tradition», Harvard Theological Review 87, no. 3 (1994): 323–46. О Маймониде см. Hunter, «(De) Nominating Amalek», 103; Horowitz, Reckless Rites, 129–34.

{245} Eliav Shochetman, «He Who Is Compassionate to the Cruel Will Ultimately Become Cruel to the Compassionate», на сайте http://www.acpr.org.il/ENGLISH-NATIV/06-issue/shochetman — 6.htm; A. Cohen, ed., «Ecclesiastes», in Freedman and Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, vol. 8, 199.

{246} Feldman, " Remember Amalek!» 77–78. О визите кайзера см. David Golinkin, «Are Jews Still Commanded to Blot Out the Memory of Amalek?» на сайте http://www.schechter.edu/insightIsrael. aspx? ID=27.

{247} О деле Эйхмана см. «Amalek», на сайте http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Amalek.

{248} «Letters of Rav Kook», на сайте http://www.orot.com/letter11.html.

{249} Henry Leroy Finch, Simone Weil and the Intellect of Grace (New York: Continuum, 1999), 106–7; см. также Michael Prior, The Bible and Colonialism (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), 152–73.

{250} David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch, 3rd ed. (New York: Nation Books, 2003).

{251} Nachman Ben-Yehuda, Theocratic Democracy (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010); Eric Kaufmann, Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? (London: Profile Books, 2010).

{252} Stephen Spector, Evangelicals and Israel (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).

{253} Idith Zertal and Akiva Eldar, Lords of the Land (New York: Nation Books, 2007); Nur Masalha, The Bible and Zionism (London: Zed Books, 2007), 149–54; Ami Pedahzur and Arie Perliger, Jewish Terrorism in Israel (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2009).

{254} Nur Masalha, «Reading the Bible with the Eyes of the Canaanites», Holy Land Studies 8 (2009): 55–108. Fred Halliday, Islam and the Myth of Confrontation (London: I. B. Tauris, 2003); Basem L. Ra’ad, Hidden Histories (London: Pluto Press, 2010).

{255} Pedahzur and Perliger, Jewish Terrorism in Israel; Masalha, «Reading the Bible with the Eyes of the Canaanites».

{256} См. http://www.memri.org/content/en/main. htm.

{257} О Бен-Гурионе см. «Ben-Gurion on the Threat from Amalek», на сайте http://jeffreygoldberg.theatlantic.com/archives/2009/05/ben_ gurion_on_amalek. php.

{258} Цитата из Соловейчика по Shochetman, «He Who Is Compassionate»; Dina Porat, «Amalek’s Accomplices», Journal of Contemporary History 27 (1992): 695–729; Gershon Greenberg, «Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Thought About the Holocaust Since World War II», in Steven T. Katz, ed., The Impact of the Holocaust on Jewish Theology (New York: New York Univ. Press, 2005), 132–60; Eran Kaplan, The Jewish Radical Right (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 2005).