Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{259} Обе цитаты из Horowitz, Reckless Rites, 1–3; Moshe Greenberg, «On the Political Use of the Bible in Modern Israel», in David P. Wright, David Noel Freedman, and Avi Hurvitz, eds., Pomegranates and Golden Bells (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1995), 461–72.

{260} О Реймере см. Shmuly Yanklowitz, «Genocide in the Torah», на сайте http://www.myjewishlearning.com/beliefs/Issues/War_and_Peace/Combat_and_Conflict/Types_of_War/Genocide. shtml.

{261} См. Nur Masalha, The Bible and Zionism (London: Zed Books, 2007), 150.

{262} Masalha, The Bible and Zionism.

{263} Shochetman, «He Who Is Compassionate».

{264} Kobi Nahshoni, «Rabbi Eliyahu: Life of One Yeshiva Boy Worth More Than 1,000 Arabs», на сайте http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340, L — 3527410,00.html; Mois Navon, «Remember Amalek», на сайте http://www.aish.com/print/? contentID=48967261&section=/h/ pur/t; Израэль Розен цитируется по Nadav Shragai, «An Amalek in Our Times?» Haaretz, Mar. 26, 2008, на сайте http://www.haaretz.co.il/ hasen/spages/968452.html.

{265} Пс 17:38–39. Amos Harel, «IDF Rabbinate Publication During Gaza War: We Will Show No Mercy on the Cruel», Haaretz, Jan. 26, 2009, на сайте http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1058758.html.

{266} Horowitz, Reckless Rites; Relly Sa’ar, «Poraz ‘Repulsed’ by Cases of Jews Spitting on Christians», Haaretz, Oct. 12, 2004, на сайте http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt. jhtml? itemNo=487887; John L. Allen Jr., «Jews Move to Halt Spitting at Christians in Jerusalem», National Catholic Reporter, Jan. 5, 2010, на сайте http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/jews-move-halt-spitting-christians-jerusalem.

{267} Horowitz, Reckless Rites.

{268} Norman Lamm, «Amalek and the Seven Nations».

{269} Vered Vinitzky-Seroussi, Yitzhak Rabin’s Assassination and the Dilemmas of Commemoration (Albany: SUNY Press, 2009); Ehud Sprinzak, Brother Against Brother (New York: Free Press, 1999). «Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu», obituary, The Independent, July 16, 2010.

{270} Ben-Yehuda, «Theocratic Democracy», 279–80; Noah J. Efron, Real Jews (New York: Basic Books, 2003). «Рав Кук объяснял…» из «Pinchas: Zealotry for the Sake of Heaven», на сайте http://www.ravkooktorah.org/PINHAS58.htm.

{271} «Reform Jews Say Israel Chief Rabbi’s Sermon Advocates Their Death», July 9, 1996, цитируется на сайте http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index. cfm? recnum=856.

{272} Chanan «My Pink Shirt and the Haredim», Nov. 11, 2006, на сайте http://www.blogsofzion.com/index. php? s=romeima.

{273} Jeffrey Goldberg, «Protect Sharon from the Right», New York Times, Aug. 5, 2004.

{274} Yael Meyer, «Shas Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Issues Call for Destruction of Education Minister Sarid», Mar. 19, 2000, на сайте http://web.archive.org/web/20020926052905/ http://www.irac.org/article_e. asp? artid=248. Не так давно раввин Йосеф высказал мнение, что язычники существуют лишь для одной цели — чтобы служить евреям: Natasha Mozgovaya, «ADL Slams Shas Spiritual Leader For Saying Non-Jews ‘Were Born To Serve Jews’» Haaretz, October 10, 2010, на сайте http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/adl-slams-shas-spiritual-leader-for-saying-non-jews-were-born-to-serve-jews-1.320235.

{275} Jeffrey Goldberg, «The Point of No Return», Atlantic, September 2010.

{276} Цитируется по Carlin Romano, «Are Sacred Texts Sacred?» Chronicle of Higher Education, Sept. 21, 2007. О роли Писания в развитии «мизотеизма» см. Bernard Schweizer, Hating God (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010).

{277} Martin Buber, Meetings, 3rd ed. (London: Routledge, 2002), 62–64.

{278} Yuri Stoyanov, The Other God (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2000).

{279} Antti Marjanen and Petri Luomanen, eds., A Companion to Second-Century Christian ‘Heretics’ (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2005); Karen L. King, What Is Gnosticism? (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 2005).

{280} Джордж Лукас объяснил, что имя Darth Vader должно напоминать о выражении «темный отец», вероятно, если использовать голландский, однако на самом деле такой перевод неверен. Bentley Layton, The Gnostic Scriptures (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1987); James M. Robinson, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, 4th rev. ed. (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1996); Gerard P. Luttikhuizen, Gnostic Revisions of Genesis Stories and Early Jesus Traditions (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2006); Birger A. Pearson, Ancient Gnosticism (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2007).

{281} Сатурнин цитируется по Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», chap. xxiv, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxv.html.

{282} Кердон цитируется по Philip R. Amidon, ed., The Panarion of St. Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990), 143; 133 о каинитах. См. также Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Apostolic Fathers: Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers (New York: Scribner, 1926), vol. 1, 352; 358 о каинитах. Frank Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, 2 vols. (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1987–1994), vol. 1, 241–48 (офиты), 248–54 (каиниты), and 255–62 (сифиты).

{283} Roberts and Donaldson, eds., The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1, 352–53; Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 1, 272–337; Robert Smith Wilson, Marcion (London: Clarke, 1933); E. C. Blackman, Marcion and His Influence (New York: AMS Press, 1978 [1948]); Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 54–68.

{284} «The author of evils» is from Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», xxvii, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxviii.html; Tertullian, «Against Marcion», на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03121.htm и http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03122.htm.

{285} О том, как Бог ожесточает сердца противников, см. Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», xxix, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vi.xxx.html; «Каину и тем, кто ему подобен…» см. xxvii, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxviii.html.

{286} Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 2, 219–308: цитата со стр. 302.

{287} Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 2, 227; Roland Teske, ed., Answer to Faustus, a Manichaean (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2007).

{288} Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China (Tubingen, Germany: Mohr, 1992).

{289} Elaine H. Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels (New York: Random House, 1979).

{290} О современных попытках освободить Иисуса от иудаизма см. Philip Jenkins, Hidden Gospels (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000); Susannah Heschel, The Aryan Jesus (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

{291} Stewart J. Brown and Timothy Tackett, eds., Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660–1815 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006); David Sorkin, The Religious Enlightenment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

{292} Christoph A. Stumpf, The Grotian Theology of International Law (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006); David Armstrong, ed., Routledge Handbook of International Law (New York: Routledge, 2009).

{293} S. J. Barnett, Idol Temples and Crafty Priests (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).

{294} John Toland, Christianity Not Mysterious (London: 1702), 37; W. Neil, «The Criticism and Theological Use of the Bible 1700–1950», in Stanley F. Greenslade, ed., The Cambridge History of the Bible (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1975), vol. 3, 240–54; James A. Herrick, The Radical Rhetoric of the English Deists (Columbia: Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1997).

{295} Stephen Lalor, Matthew Tindal, Freethinker (New York: Continuum, 2006).

{296} «Даже когда буквальный смысл…» — Matthew Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation (New York: Garland, 1978 [1730]), 262; «Чем более святого мужа…» — 264–65; «Без сомнения, порочным священникам…» — 270–71.

{297} Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation, 274–75.

{298} Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation, 273; Justin Champion, Republican Learning (Manchester, England: Manchester Univ. Press, 2003).

{299} О Тиндале и «стремлении к счастью» см. Lalor, Matthew Tindal, 5. Charles H. Talbert, ed., Reimarus: Fragments (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985; reprint of 1970 edition from Fortress Press). О первых спорах вокруг авторитета Библии в Европе см. Paul S. Spalding, Seize the Book, Jail the Author (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ. Press, 1998).

{300} Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason (New York: Wright & Owen, 1831), part 1, sect. 4.

{301} Paine, The Age of Reason, part 2, sect. 6.

{302} Цитата приводится в книге James Smith, The Christian’s Defence (Cincinnati, OH: J. A. James, 1843), 296.

{303} Voltaire, «Des Moeurs des Juifs», Oeuvres Completes de Voltaire: Philosophie (Paris: Armand-Abree, 1830), vol. 2, 21–22.

{304} Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth, ed. Bernard DeVoto (New York: Perennial, 1974), 54–55; Howard G. Baetzhold and Joseph B. McCullough, eds., The Bible According to Mark Twain (New York: Touchstone Books, 1996); Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior, 40–43.

{305} Georges R. Tamarin, The Israeli Dilemma (Rotterdam, Netherlands: Rotterdam Univ. Press, 1973).

{306} Leon Festinger, Henry W. Riecken, and Stanley Schacter, When Prophecy Fails (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1956); Joel Cooper, Cognitive Dissonance (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2007); Carol Tavris, Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (New York: Harcourt, 2007).

{307} David Matza, Delinquency and Drift (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1990); Franklyn W. Dunford and Phillip R. Kunz, «The Neutralization of Religious Dissonance», Review of Religious Research 15, no. 1 (1973): 2–9.

{308} О разных стратегиях чтения неприемлемых текстов см. Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 209–42. Robert Eisen, The Peace and Violence of Judaism (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2011).

{309} Lesleigh Cushing Stahlberg, Sustaining Fictions (New York: T&T Clark, 2008).

{310} Jerome Creach, Joshua (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003), 42.