Тим Харфорд - 50 изобретений

http://www.exetermemories.co.uk/em/_churches/stjohns.php.

Ralph Harrington, ‘Trains, technology and time-travellers: how the Victorians re-invented time’, цит. по John Hassard, The Sociology of Time (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1990), р. 126.

Stuart Hylton, What the Railways Did for Us (Stroud: Amberley Publishing Limited, 2015).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices.

http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=3506.

Джон Гаррисон решил проблему долготы, но ему так и не выплатили заслуженную, по его мнению, награду. В 1995 году в книге «Долгота» Дава Собел (М.: Астрель, Neoclassic, 2000. Прим. ред. ) убедительно доказывала, что Гаррисона несправедливо лишили приза из-за махинаций завистливых астрономов. Но есть и другое мнение. Дело в том, что Гаррисон ревностно защищал детали работы своих часов, поэтому не предоставил практичного решения проблемы долготы: он просто продемонстрировал, что у него есть такое решение.

Обсуждение наград за инновации в целом см. в моей книге Adapt: Why Success Always Starts With Failure (New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux/London: Little Brown, 2016); Robert Lee Hotz, ‘Need a Breakthrough? Offer Prize Money’, Wall Street Journal, 13 December 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/need-a-breakthrough-offer-prize-money-1481043131.

http://www.timeanddate.com/time/how-do-atomic-clocks-work.html; Hattie Garlick interview with Demetrios Matsakis, ‘I Keep the World Runn-ing On Time’, The Financial Times, 16 December 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/3eca8ec4-c186-11e6-9bca-2b93a6856354.

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/375792.

http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/04/every-thing-you-need-to-know-about-high-frequency-trading/360411/.

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2891892/why-computers-still-struggle-to-tell-the-time.html.

https://theconversation.com/sharper-gps-needs-even-more-accurate-atomic-clocks-38109.

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/most-accurate-atomic-clock-ever.

Daniel Charles, Master Mind: The Rise and Fall of Fritz Haber (New York: HarperCollins, 2005).

http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/immerwahr-clara.

Vaclav Smil, Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004).

http://www.wired.com/2008/05/nitrogen-it-doe.

http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2012/10/haber-bosch-ruthenium-catalyst-reduce-power.

http://www.vaclavsmil.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/smil-article-worldagriculture.pdf.

http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n10/full/ngeo325.html.

http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n10/full/ngeo325.html.

Thomas Hager, The Alchemy of Air (New York: Broadway Books, 2009).

Hager, The Alchemy of Air (New York: Broadway Books, 2009).

Charles, The Alchemy of Air (New York: Broadway Books, 2009).

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/kenya/7612869/Iceland-volcano-As-the-dust-settles-Kenyas-blooms-wilt.html.

http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/pages/2012-12-06-01.aspx.

http://www.oxfordeconomics.com/my-oxford/projects/129051.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), рр. 54–56.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), рр. 27–33.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), рр. 41–46.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), р. 48.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), р. 246.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), р. 458.

Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World: The story of radar from war to peace (London: Little, Brown, 1997), р. 459.

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/1956-grand-canyon-airplane-crash-a-game-changer/.

http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/UAL718/CAB_accident_report.pdf.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/faa-drone-approvals-bedeviled-by-warnings-conflict-internal-e-mails-show/2014/12/21/69d8a07a-86c2-11e4-a702-fa31ff4ae98e_story.html.

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/1956-grand-canyon-airplane-crash-a-game-changer/.

https://www.faa.gov/about/history/brief_history/.

http://www.transtats.bts.gov/.

http://www.iata.org/publications/Documents/iata-safety-report-2014.pdf.

The Newgate Calendar, http://www.exclassics.com/newgate/ng464.htm.

Шелли придумала этот сюжет в «год без лета», когда вслед за извержением вулкана Тамбора в Европе сложились апокалипсические условия. Непрекращающиеся дожди заставили Шелли и ее знакомых, включая Перси Биши Шелли и лорда Байрона, застрять на вилле с видом на Женевское озеро. Они состязались в том, кто напишет самую страшную историю. Помимо гальванизма на придуманном Шелли образе бездомного, лишенного друзей, отверженного монстра могло сказаться зрелище голодающих крестьян, бродивших из деревни в деревню в поисках пищи. Те же самые мрачные картины страданий вдохновили молодого Юстуса фон Либиха посвятить жизнь борьбе с голодом.

http://www.economist.com/node/10789409.

http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2023708_2023656,00.html.

http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21651928-lithium-ion-battery-steadily-improving-new-research-aims-turbocharge.

http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21651928-lithium-ion-battery-steadily-improving-new-research-aims-turbocharge.

http://www.vox.com/2016/4Z18/11415510/solar-power-costs-innovation.

http://www.u.arizona.edu/~gowrisan/pdf_papers/renewable_intermittency.pdf.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-27071303.

http://www.rmi.org/Content/Files/RMI-TheEconomicsOfBatteryEnergyStorage-FullReport-FINAL.pdf.

http://www.fastcompany.com/3052889/elon-musk-powers-up-inside-teslas-5-billion-gigafactory.

Jeffrey L. Meikle, American Plastic: A Cultural History (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1995).

Leo Baekeland, Diary, Volume 01, 1907–1908, Smithsonian Institute Archive Centre, https://transcription.si.edu/project/6607.

Bill Laws, Nails, Noggins and Newels (Stroud: The History Press, 2006).

Susan Freinkel, Plastic: A Toxic Love Story (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011).

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plastic-not-so-fantastic/.

Freinkel, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plastic-not-so-fantastic/.

Freinkel, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plastic-not-so-fantastic/.

Meikle, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plastic-not-so-fantastic/.

‘The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics’, World Economic Forum, January 2016, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf.

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plastic-not-so-fantastic/.

‘The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics’, World Economic Forum, January 2016, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf.

Leo Hornak, ‘Will there be more fish or plastic in the sea by 2050?’, BBC News, 15 February 2016, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35562253.

Richard S. Stein, ‘Plastics Can Be Good for the Environment’, http://www.polymerambassadors.org/Steinplasticspaper.pdf.

Рециклинг — повторное использование или возвращение в оборот отходов производства или мусора. Прим. ред.

‘The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics’, World Economic Forum, январь 2016 г., http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin_identification_code.

http://resource-recycling.com/node/7093.

‘Environment at a Glance 2015’, OECD Indicators, р. 51, http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/environment/environment-at-a-glance-2015_9789264235199-en#page51.

http://www.wsj.com/articles/taiwan-the-worlds-geniuses-of-garbage-disposal-1463519134.