Тим Харфорд - 50 изобретений

‘Antimicrobials in agriculture and the environment: Reducing unnecessary use and waste’, The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Chaired by Jim O’Neill, December 2015.

http://www.technologyreview.es/printer_friendly_article.aspx?id=39828.

Nick Hughes and Susie Lonie, ‘M-Pesa: Mobile Money for the “Unbanked” Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya’, innovations, зима и весна 2007 г., http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/innovationsarticleonmpesa_0_d_14.pdf.

Isaac Mbiti and David N. Weil, ‘Mobile Banking: The Impact of M-Pesa in Kenya’, Национальное бюро экономических исследований, рабочий документ 17129, Кембридж, Массачусетс, июнь 2011 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17129.

http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/globalfindex/overview.

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/02/27/m_pesa_ict4d_and_mobile_banking_for_the_poor_.html.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrunde/2015/08/12/m-pesa-and-the-rise-of-the-global-mobile-money-market/#193f89d23f5d.

http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-18.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrunde/2015/08/12/m-pesa-and-the-rise-of-the-global-mobile-money-market/#193f89d23f5d.

http://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/CGAP-Brief-Poor-People-Using-Mobile-Financial-Services-Observations-on-Customer-Usage-and-Impact-from-M-PESA-Aug-2009.pdf.

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-06-05/safaricoms-m-pesa-turns-kenya-into-a-mobile-payment-paradise.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/corruption-in-afghanistan-un-report-claims-bribes-equal-to-quarter-of-gdp-a-672828.html.

http://www.coastweek.com/3745-Transport-reolution-Kenya-minibus-operators-launch-cashless-fares.htm.

http://www.iafrikan.com/2016/09/21/kenyas-cashless-payment-system-was-doomed-by-a-series-of-experience-design-failures/.

Hernando de Soto, The Mystery of Capital (New York: Basic Books, 2000), р. 163.

‘The Economist versus The Terrorist, The Economist, 30 January 2003,

http://www.economist.com/node/1559905.

David Kestenbaum and Jacob Goldstein, ‘The Secret Document That Transformed China’, NPR Planet Money, 20 January 2012, http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/01/20/145360447/the-secret-document-that-transformed-china.

Christopher Woodruff, ‘Review of de Soto’s The Mystery of Capital’, Journal of Economic Literature, 39, December 2001, pр. 1215–1223.

World Bank, Doing Business in 2005 (Washington DC: The World Bank Group, 2004), р. 33.

Robert Home and Hilary Lim, Demystifying the Mystery of Capital: land tenure and poverty in Africa and the Caribbean (London: Glasshouse Press, 2004), р. 17.

Home and Lim, pр. 12–13; Soto, pр. 105–152.

de Soto, pр. 20–21; World Bank, Home and Lim, pр. 12–13.

Tim Besley, ‘Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence From Ghana’, Journal of Political Economy, 103(5), October 1995, pр. 903–937.

Диаграмма Венна — схематическое изображение всех возможных отношений (объединение, пересечение, разность, симметрическая разность) нескольких подмножеств универсального множества. Прим. ред.

World Bank, Tim Besley, ‘Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence From Ghana’, Journal of Political Economy, 103(5), October 1995, pр. 903–937.

Mark Kurlansky, Paper: Paging Through History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2016), рр. 104–105.

Jonathan Bloom, Paper Before Print (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001).

James Moseley, ‘The Technologies of Print’, в M.F. Suarez, SJ. and H.R. Woudhuysen, The Book: A Global History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).

Английское слово ream, «500 листов бумаги», происходит от арабского «ризма», или «связка», или «кипа». Большинство английских слов, обозначающих бумагу, восходят к другим материалам: и латинское «папирус», и греческое «хартес» (отсюда «карточка», «картография», «картон») связаны с египетским тростником, а не с настоящей бумагой. Папирус не очень хорош для изготовления книг, поскольку он изнашивается на складках и по краям.

Kurlansky, р. 82.

Mark Miodownik, Stuff Matters (London: Penguin, 2014), chapter 2.

Kurlansky, р. 46.

Kurlansky, pр. 78–82.

Miodownik, pр. 78–82.

Kurlansky, р. 204.

Kurlansky, р. 244.

Bloom, chapter 1.

Kurlansky, р. 295.

‘Cardboard’, Surprisingly Awesome 19, Gimlet Media, August 2016, https://gimletmedia.com/episode/19-cardboard/.

Abigail Sellen and Richard Harper, The Myth of the Paperless Office (Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2001).

По оценке, сделанной Hewlett Packard в 1996 году, принтеры и ксероксы в тот год выдавали достаточно бумаги, чтобы покрыть 18 процентов поверхности США (Bloom, chapter 1). Потребление офисной бумаги продолжало расти следующие несколько лет.

‘World wood production up for fourth year; paper stagnant as electronic publishing grows’, пресс-релиз ООН от 18 декабря 2014 г., http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49644#.V-T2S_ArKUn.

David Edgerton, Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900 (London: Profile, 2008).

NPR Planet Money, ‘Brilliant vs Boring’, 4 May 2016, http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2016/03/04/469247400/episode-688-brilliant-vs-boring.

Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur, ‘The Early History of Stock Market Indices, with Special Reference to the French Case’, Paris School of Economics working paper, http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.com/hautcoeur-pierre-cyrille/Indices_anciens.pdf.

Издана на русском языке: Самуэльсон П., Нордхаус В. Экономика. М.: Вильямс, 2015. Прим. ред.

Michael Weinstein, ‘Paul Samuelson, Economist, Dies at 94’, New York Times, 13 December 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/business/economy/14samuelson.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.

John C. Bogle, ‘How the Index Fund Was Born’, The Wall Street Journal, 3 September 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904583204576544681577401622.

Robin Wigglesworth and Stephen Foley, ‘Active asset managers knocked by shift to passive strategies’, Financial Times, 11 April 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/2e975946-fdbf-11e5-b5f5-070dca6d0a0d.

Donald MacKenzie, ‘Is Economics Performative? Option Theory and the Construction of Derivatives Markets’, http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/MacKenzie.pdf.

Brian Wesbury and Robert Stein, ‘Why mark-to-market accounting rules must die’, Forbes, 23 February 2009, http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/23/mark-to-market-opinions-columnists_recovery_stimulus.html.

Eric Balchunas, ‘How the Vanguard Effect Adds Up to $1 Trillion’, Bloomberg 30 August 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-08-30/how-much-has-vanguard-saved-investors-try-1-trillion.

Выступление Пола Самуэльсона в Boston Security Analysts Society 15 ноября 2005 г., цит. по Bogle, Eric Balchunas, ‘How the Vanguard Effect Adds Up to $1 Trillion’, Bloomberg 30 August 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-08-30/how-much-has-vanguard-saved-investors-try-1-trillion.

http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/law/columnists/article2047259.ece.

G.C. Cook, ‘Construction of London’s Victorian sewers: the vital role of Joseph Bazalgette’, Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2001.

Stephen Halliday, The Great Stink of London: Sir Joseph Bazalgette and the Cleansing of the Victorian Metropolis (Stroud: The History Press, 2013).

Laura Perdew, How the Toilet Changed History (Minneapolis: Abdo Publishing, 2015).

Johan Norberg, Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future (London: OneWorld, 2016) р. 33.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es304284f.

http://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/WSP-ESI-Flier.pdf; http://www.wsp.org/content/africa-economic-impacts-sanitation; http://www.wsp.org/content/south-asia-economic-impacts-sanitation.

‘Tackling the Flying Toilets of Kibera’, Al Jazeera, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/01/201311810421796400.html22 January 2013; Cyrus Kinyungu ‘Kibera’s Flying Toilets Flushed Out by PeePoo Bags’ http://bhekisisa.org/article/2016-05-03-kiberas-flying-toilets-flushed-out-by-peepoo-bags.

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44452#.VzCnKPmDFBc.

‘World Toilet Day: Kibera Slum Hopes to Ground “Flying Toilets”’, http://www.dw.com/en/world-toilet-day-kibera-slum-seeks-to-ground-flying-toilets/a-18072068.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/london/sewers_mm/index.shtml.

G. R. K. Reddy, Smart and Human: Building Cities of Wisdom (HarperCollins Publishers India, 2015).