Тим Харфорд - 50 изобретений

http://www.sciencealert.com/this-new-device-recycles-plastic-bottles-into-3d-printing-material.

Репликаторы в вымышленной вселенной «Звездного пути» — устройства, позволяющие разбирать отходы на атомы и молекулы, собирая их снова в качестве еды и различных объектов. Репликаторы делились на пищевые и промышленные. Прим. ред.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/08/turning-trash-into-high-end-goods/.

Adam Smith, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776 (стр. 455–456 в издании 1976 года, Oxford: Clarendon Press).

Marc Blaug, ‘Invisible Hand’, in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, второе издание, том 4 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan) 2008.

William N. Goetzmann, Money Changes Everything: How Finance Made Civilization Possible (Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2016), chapter 11.

Goetzmann, р. 180.

Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th—18th Century: The structure of everyday life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), р. 471. Эта история также приведена в S. Herbert Frankel’s Money: Two Philosophies (Oxford: Blackwell, 1977) и Феликсом Мартином в Money: The Unauthorised Biography (London: Bodley Head, 2013), chapter 6.

Martin, pр. 105–107; Marie-Therese Boyer-Xambeu, Ghislain Deleplace, Lucien Gillard and M. E. Sharpe, Private Money & Public Currencies: The 16th Century Challenge (London: Routledge, 1994).

King Camp Gillette, The Human Drift (Boston: New Era Publishing, 1894); https://archive.org/stream/TheHumanDrift/The_Human_Drift_djvu.txt.

Randal C. Picker, ‘The Razors-and-Blades Myth(s)’, The Law School, The University of Chicago, September 2010.

Picker, ‘The Razors-and-Blades Myth(s)’, The Law School, The University of Chicago, September 2010.

Picker, ‘The Razors-and-Blades Myth(s)’, The Law School, The University of Chicago, September 2010.

Picker, ‘The Razors-and-Blades Myth(s)’, The Law School, The University of Chicago, September 2010.

http://www.geek.com/games/sony-will-sell-every-ps4-at-a-loss-but-easily-recoup-it-in-games-ps-plus-sales-1571335/.

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/02756661311310431.

http://www.macleans.ca/society/life/single-serve-coffee-wars-heat-up/.

Chris Anderson, Free (Random House, 2010).

Paul Klemperer, ‘Competition when consumers have switching costs: an overview with applications to industrial organization, macroeconomics and international trade’, Review of Economic Studies, 62, 1995.

http://www.law.uchicago.edu/files/file/532-rcp-razors.pdf.

Обсуждение сбивающих с толку цен см. в Tim Harford, ‘The Switch Doctor’, The Financial Times, 27 April 2007, https://www.ft.com/content/921b0182-f14b-11db-838b-000b5df10621, и в ‘Cheap Tricks’, The Financial Times, 16 February 2007, https://www.ft.com/content/5c15b0f4-bbf5-11db-9cbc-0000779e2340.

http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1026675.shtml.

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/oct/21/multinational-firms-tax-ebay-ikea, http://fortune.com/2016/03/11/apple-google-taxes-eu/.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nazis/readings/sinister.html.

HMRC, Measuring Tax Gaps 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/561312/HMRC-measuring-tax-gaps-2016.pdf.

Miroslav N. Jovanovic, The Economics of International Integration, Second Edition (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015), р. 480.

Gabriel Zucman, The Hidden Wealth of Nations: The Scourge of Tax Havens (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015).

Daniel Davies, ‘Gaps and Holes: How the Swiss Cheese Was Made’, Crooked Timber Blog, 8 April 2016, http://crookedtimber.org/2016/04/08/gaps-and-holes-how-the-swiss-cheese-was-made/.

Gabriel Zucman, ‘Taxing across Borders: Tracking Personal Wealth and Corporate Profits’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), Autumn 2014, рр. 121–148.

Nicholas Shaxson, Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World (London: Vintage Books, 2011).

Оценка программы Global Financial Integrity (GFI) Центра международной политики в Вашингтоне, цит. по Shaxson, Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World (London: Vintage Books, 2011).

Zucman, цит. по Shaxson, Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World (London: Vintage Books, 2011).

Zucman, цит. по Shaxson, Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World (London: Vintage Books, 2011).

Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013).

http://www.wired.com/2013/01/looney-gas-and-lead-poisoning-a-short-sad-history/.

William J. (Bill) Kovarik, ‘The Ethyl Controversy: How the news media set the agenda for a public health controversy over leaded gasoline, 1924–1926’, диссертация, University of Maryland DAI 1994 55(4): 781-782-A. DA9425070.

http://pittmed.health.pitt.edu/jan_2001/butterflies.pdf.

Markowitz and Rosner, http://pittmed.health.pitt.edu/jan_2001/butterflies.pdf.

Markowitz and Rosner, http://pittmed.health.pitt.edu/jan_2001/butterflies.pdf.

Kassia St Clair, The Secret Lives of Colour (London: John Murray, 2016).

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/wine/leadpoisoning.html.

Jessica Wolpaw Reyes, ‘Environmental policy as social policy? The impact of childhood lead exposure on crime’, NBER Working Paper 13097, 2007, http://www.nber.org/papers/w13097.

Кривая Кузнеца — гипотеза о том, что в странах, стоящих на ранних ступенях экономического развития, неравенство доходов сначала возрастает, а по мере роста экономики имеет тенденцию снижаться. Данная гипотеза была впервые выдвинута в 1954 году экономистом Саймоном Кузнецом. Прим. ред.

Я писал об экологической кривой Кузнеца в Китае: Tim Harford, ‘Hidden Truths Behind China’s Smokescreen’, Financial Times, 29 January 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/4814ae2c-c481-11e5-b3b1-7b2481276e45.

http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead/.

http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead/.

Wolpaw Reyes, http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead/.

http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7326/full/468868a.html.

http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/welcome/features/20071114_cardio-tobacco/.

Markowitz and Rosner, http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/welcome/features/20071114_cardio-tobacco/.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22932/#_a2001902bddd00028.

Philip Lymbery and Isabel Oakeshott, Farmageddon: The true cost of cheap meat (London: Bloomsbury, 2014), рр. 306–307.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-35030262.

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/antibiotics-linked-weight-gain-mice/.

‘Antimicrobials in agriculture and the environment: Reducing unnecessary use and waste’, The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Chaired by Jim O’Neill, December 2015.

‘Antimicrobials in agriculture and the environment: Reducing unnecessary use and waste’, The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Chaired by Jim O’Neill, December 2015.

http://ideas.time.com/2012/04/16/why-doctors-uselessly-prescribe-antibiotics-for-a-common-cold/.

http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/10/1345.full.

‘Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations’, The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Chaired by Jim O’Neill, December 2014.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmflem.html.

http://time.com/4049403/alexander-fleming-history/.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf.

http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/florey/story.htm.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/oxford/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8828000/8828836.stm; https://www.biochemistry.org/Portals/0/Education/Docs/Paul%20brack.pdf; http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/penicillin-oxford-story.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf.

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalRisks_Report_2013.pdf.

http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/07/antibiotic-resistance-teixobactin/.

Один из способов — награда за инновации, рассмотренная в главе 32. В частности, это предварительные обязательства по будущим закупкам, спонсированные пятью государствами-донорами и Фондом Гейтса. Они уже привели к широкому использованию вакцин от пневмококков.