Ив Жангра - Ошибки в оценке науки, или как правильно использовать библиометрию [калибрятина]

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35

См.: Francis Narin, Dominic Olivastro, “Linkage between patents and papers: An interim EPO/US comparison,” in Scientometrics , 41, 1998, pp. 51–59.

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36

См. переписку между Гарфилдом и социологом Гарриет Цукерман (Harriet Zuckerman) в: P. Wouters, “The citation culture,” op. cit ., p. 102.

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37

Eugene Garfield, Irving H. Sher & Richard J. Torpie, “The use of citation data in writing the history of science,” in Institute for Scientific Information, décembre 1964; Eugene Garfield, “From the science of science to scientometrics: visualizing the history of science with HistCite software,” in Journal of Informetrics , 3, 2009, pp. 173–179.

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38

Henry Small, Physics Citation Index, 1920–1929 , Philadelphie, ISI, 2 vols, 1981; “Recapturing physics in the 1920s through citation analysis,” in Czechoslovak Journal of Physic s, 36, 1986, pp. 142–147.

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39

http://wokinfo.com/products_tools/backfiles/coss/, http://wokinfo.com/products_tools/backfiles/cos/.

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40

См.: Eugene Garfield & Irving H. Sher, “New factors in the evaluation of scientific literature through citation indexing,” in American Documentation , 14, 1963, pp. 195–201.

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41

См.: Vincent Larivière, Benoît Macaluso, Éric Archambault & Yves Gingras, “Which scientific elites? On the concentration of research funds, publications and citations,” in Research Evaluation , 19, 2010, pp. 45–53.

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42

См.: Alan E. Bayer & John K. Folger, “Some correlates of a citation measure of productivity in science,” in Sociology of Education , 39, 1966, pp. 381–390.

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43

Eugene Garfield, Irving H. Sher, “New tools for improving and evaluating the effectiveness of research,” in M. C. Yovits, D. M. Gilford, R. H. Wilcox, E. Staveley and H. D. Lemer (dir.), Research Program Effectiveness, Proceedings of the Conference Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Washington, D. C., July 27–29, 1965 (New York: Gordon and Breach, 1966), pp. 135–146. Текст доступен в интернете: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/onrpaper.html.

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44

Jonathan R. Cole, Stephen Cole, Social Stratification in Science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973).

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45

См.: Perry W. Wilson et Edwin B. Fred, “The growth curve of a scientific literature,” in Scientific Monthly , 41, 1935, pp. 240–250.

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46

См.: Jack H. Westbrook, “Identifying significant research,” in Science , 132, 28 October, 1960, pp. 1229–1234.

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47

J. C. Fisher, “Basic research in industry,” in Science , 129, 19 June, 1959, pp. 1653–1657.

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48

См.: G. Nigel Gilbert, “Measuring the growth of science. A review of indicators of scientific growth,” in Scientometrics , 1, 1978, pp. 9–34.

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49

См.: Francis Narin, “Patent bibliometrics,” in Scientometrics , 30, 1994, pp. 147–155.

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50

См.: P. W. Hart, J. T. Sommerfeld, “Relationship between growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and growth in the chemical engineering literature in five different countries,” Scientometrics , 42, 1998, pp. 299–311.

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51

См.: Vincent Larivière, Éric Archambault, Yves Gingras, Étienne Vignola – Gagné, “The lace of serials in referencing practices: comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanities,” in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , 57, June 2006, pp. 997–1004.

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52

См.: Elisabeth S. Clemens, Walter W. Powell, Kris McIlwaine, Dina Okamoto, “Careers in print: books, journals, and scholarly reputations,” in American Journal of Sociology , 101, 1995, pp. 433–494.

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53

См.: Michael M. Kessler, “Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers,” in American Documentation , 14, 1963, pp. 10–25.

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54

См.: Henry Small, “Co-citation in scientific literature: A new measure of relationship between two documents,” in Journal of the American Society for Information Science , 24, 1973, pp. 265–269.

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55

Этот график в адаптированном виде взят из: Eugene Garfield, “From bibliographic coupling to co-citation analysis via algorithmic historio-ibliography,” см. на сайте http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/drexelbelvergriffith92001.pdf.

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56

См.: Matthew L. Wallace, Yves Gingras et Russell Duhon, “A new approach for detecting scientific specialties from raw cocitation networks,” in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , 60, 2009, pp. 240–246.

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57

См.: Kevin W. Boyack, Richard Klavans, Katy Börner, “Mapping the backbone of science,” in Scientometrics , 64, 2005, pp. 351–374.

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58

См.: Jean Piaget, “Le système et la classification des sciences,” in Jean Piaget (dir.), Logique et connaissance scientifique (Paris: Gallimard, 1967), pp. 1151–1224.

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59

См. изображения в: Katy Börner, Atlas of science. Visualizing what we know (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010); а также на веб-сайте: http://scimaps.org/atlas/maps.

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60

Conseil des académies canadiennes [Совет канадских академий], Éclairer les choix en matière de recherche: indicateurs et décisions (Ottawa: Conseil des académies canadiennes, 2012).

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61

См.: Vincent Larivière, Éric Archambault, Yves Gingras, “Long-term variations in the aging of scientific literature: from exponential growth to steady-state science (1900–2004),” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59, 2008, pp. 288–296.

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62

См.: Matthew L. Wallace, Vincent Larivière, Yves Gingras, “Modeling a century of citation distributions,” in Journal of Informetrics , 3, 2009, pp. 296–303.

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63

См.: “Citations track the fate of cold fusion,” in New Scientist , 1713, 21 April 1990.

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64

Anthony F. J. van Raan, “Sleeping beauty in science,” in Scientometrics , 59, 2004, pp. 461–466.

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65

См.: Y. Gingras, “La carrière des publications d’Ettore Majorana. Une étude bibliométrique,” in Revue de synthèse , 134, 2013, pp. 75–87.

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66

Peter A. Lawrence, “The mismeasurement of science,” in Current Biology , 17, 2007, pp. R584–R585.

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67

См.: Y. Gingras, “Revisiting the ‘quiet debut’ of the double helix: a bibliometric and methodological note on the ‘impact’ of scientific publications,” in Journal of the History of Biology , 43, 2010, pp. 159–181.

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68

См.: Y. Gingras, “The collective construction of scientific memory: the Einstein – Poincaré connection and its discontents, 1905–2005,” in History of Science, 46, mars 2008, pp. 75–114; idem , “The transformation of physics from 1900 to 1945,” in Physics in Perspective , 12, 2010, pp. 248–265.

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69

См.: Eugene Garfield, “Random thoughts on citationology. Its theory and practice,” in Scientometrics , 43, 1998, pp. 69–76.

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70

См.: Eugene Garfield, “‘Science Citation Index.’ A new dimension in indexing,” in Science , 144, 8 May, 1964, pp. 649–654.

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71

См.: Norman Kaplan, “The norms of citation behavior: prolegomena to the footnote,” in American Documentation , 16, 1965, pp. 179–184.

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72

Derek de Solla Price, Little Science, Big Science , op. cit., p. 65.

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73

Charles Bazerman, Shaping Written Knowledge (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1988).

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74

James E. McClellan III, Specialist Control. The Publications Committee of the Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris), 1700–1793 (Philadelphie: American Philosophical Society, 2003), pp. 33 and 38.

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75

См.: Loet Leydesdorff, “Theories of citation?”, in Scientometrics , 43, 1998, pp. 5–25.

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76

См.: Blaise Cronin, The Citation Process. The Role and Significance of Citations in Scientific Communication , Londres, Taylor Graham, 1984.

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77

См.: G. Nigel Gilbert, “Referencing as persuasion,” in Social Studies of Science , 7, 1977, pp. 113–122.

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78

См.: Joseph Bensman, “The aesthetics and politics of footnoting,” in Politics, Culture and Society , 1, 1988, pp. 443–470; в этом длинном эссе нет ни одной ссылки или конкретных данных, а лишь пространная спекуляция на тему прогрессирующей самореферентности и стратегий цитирования.

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79

См.: Vincent Larivière, Alesia Zuccala, Éric Archambault, “The declining scientific impact of theses: implications for electronic thesis and dissertation repositories and graduate studies,” in Scientometrics , 74, 2008, pp. 109–121; см. также: Matthew L. Wallace, Vincent Larivière, Yves Gingras, “A small world of citations? The influence of collaboration networks on citation practices,” in PlosOne , 7, 2012, e33339.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033339.

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80

См.: Susan Bonzi, H. W. Snyder, “Motivations for citation: A comparison of self citations and citations to others,” in Scientometrics , 21, 1991, pp. 245–254; см. также: Béatrice Millard, “Les citations scientifiques: des réseaux de références dans des univers de références. L’exemple d’articles de chimie,” in REDES, Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales , 19, 2010, pp. 69–93.