Яков Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс

comfort υt утешать, успокаивать

comforting adj утешительный, успокоительный, е.g. comforting words.

Note: convenient adj means suitable, handy, serving to avoid trouble or difficulty; е.g.

convenient time, method, tool, place, etc. Will this bus be convenient to/for you? Let's arrange a

convenient time and place for the conference.

Ant. inconvenient

convenience n 1. удобство (the quality of being convenient or suitable), е.g. at your earliest

convenience; for convenience; 2. (pl.) удобства (device, arrangement, etc. that is useful or

convenient, е.g. central heating, hot water supply), е.g. The house has all modern conveniences. Ant.

inconvenience

5. to run (ran, run) υi/t 1. бежать, бегать, е.g. 1 ran all the way for fear of being late. As

soon as we fired, the enemy ran.

2. ходить, плыть, курсировать (о трамваях, автобусах и пр.), е.g. Trams run on rails.

Motor cars ran along ordinary roads. The buses run every five minutes.

3. течь, литься, е.g. Torrents of water ran down the streets. Rivers run into the sea. Don't you

hear the water running in the kitchen? If you have a bad cold, your nose runs.

4. тянуться, е.g. For several miles the road ran across a plain.

Note:For the Russian тянуться = простираться the verb stretchis used, е.g. The forest

stretched to the South for many miles.

5. гласить, рассказывать, говорить(ся), е.g. So the story runs. The story runs ....

to run into smb.случайно встретиться с кем- n .; to run into smth. натолкнуться на что-

л., е.g. Our car ran into the bus. I ran into a friend of mine on my way-home.; to run across

smb./smth.случайно встретить (натолкнуться на что-л.), е.g. The other day I ran across a very

interesting article in the newspaper.: to run over smb.переехать, задавить кого-л., also: to be run

over(by a car), е.g. But for the skill of the driver the man would have been run over by the bus.

runner n бегун

6. join υt/i 1. соединять(ся), объединяться), е.g. I couldn't join (together) the two halves of

the vase, because a small piece was missing. Where do the two streams join (each other)?

Syn. unite

N о t e: to joinusu. means "to put two things together", е.g. The island was joined to the

mainland with a bridge.; to uniteusu. means "to join together (by a common aim or bond) several

objects so as to form one new unit", е.g. We united all our forces to drive the enemy out of our

country. Workers of the world, unite! The United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed in 1945

in San Francisco.

2. присоединяться (к), е.g. Will you join me in my walk? We'll join you in a few minutes.

3. входить в компанию, вступать в члены, е.g. If I were you I should join this club. He was

twenty-two when he joined the array.

7. depend υi 1. зависеть от (on/upon smb. for smth.), е.g. We depend on the newspapers for

information about world events. He depends on his sister for a living. Children usually depend on

their parents (находятся на иждивении родителей).; 2. полагаться, рассчитывать на кого-л., что-

л., е.g. You can depend upon the man. I depend on you to do it. Can I depend on this time-table or is

it an old one?

It (all) dependsкак сказать; в зависимости от обстоятельств, е.g. Will you finish your

work on time? — It depends.

NOTES ON SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

1. Synonymsare words expressing the same notion, but differing by certain additional

characteristics. E.g. to look, to stare and to gaze express the same notion of turning one's eyes on

something or somebody, but stare and gaze differ by their emotional colourings (see item 1 of

Vocabulary Notes) whereas look describes the notion generally, without any additional

characteristics. Such a general word in the group of synonyms is called the synonymic dominant.

To glance is another synonym of this group which differs from the rest of them by duration: it

means looking at something briefly, passingly, a moment only.

2. Antonymsare words with contrasted meanings. E. g. different — alike; convenient —

inconvenient; love — hate; up — down.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)

Words

chorus n , υ

differ υ

join υ

comfort n , υ

difference n

look n , υ

comfortable adj

different adj

rest n , υ

convenience n

gaze n, υ

run υ

convenient adj

headmistress n

stare n, υ

depend υ

unite υ

Word Combinations

to fix one's eyes on/upon smb.

to keep an eye on smb.

to feel helpless

to give (send) a message

to give a smile (a nod, a look, etc.)

to turn one's eyes (gaze)

to bear (to have) a strong

upon smb./smth.

resemblance to

to run across

to motion to smb.

to run into

to give out (pencils, leaflets, readers,

to run over

workcards, sets of material, etc.)

to shout smb. down

to call the register (the roll)

to abandon hope

EXERCISES

I. Read the test and talk on the following points (A. Grammar, B. Word usage):

A.1. Why is the Present Perfect used in "... as soon as you've called the register"? 2. Why is

the Past Perfect Continuous used in "... who had been crossing and uncrossing his eyes in an ugly

manner ..."? 3. Why is the Present Indefinite used in "... till you join us"? and in "If there's anything

that puzzles you ..."? 4. Tick off all the sentences with the oblique moods. Translate them.

B.Pick out all the words and phrases describing the children's actions.

II. Read the following words with silent t, p, gh. Memorize them:

hasten, fasten, listen, Christmas, castle, whistle, jostle, nestle, wrestle; cupboard, pneumonia,

psychology, raspberry; neighbour, nightingale, straight, naughty, high, height, through, sigh.

III. a) Write the Past Indefinite and Past Participle of the verbs:

grow, creep, bear, break, keep, think, leap, mean, fall, find, feel, say, cling, hear, meet, run,

show;

b) the Past Indefinite and Present Participle of the verbs:

differ, prefer, murmur, appear, occur, recover, remember, chatter, refer, stir, water, fear, offer,

drag, wag, plan, chat, slip, beg.

IV. Find nouns related to the verbs below. Pay special attention to the spelling

of the suffix -ence/-ance. Place them in two columns:

depend, differ, exist, accept, resemble, attend, perform, insist, occur.

V. What nouns are these adjectives derived from? What is the meaning of the

suffixes -еd, -у? Translate the adjectives:

a) freckled, nosed, haired, winged, homed, bearded, feathered;

b) watery, skinny, grassy, silky, bony, branchy, wavy, stony.

VI. Answer these questions:

1. How was Anne introduced to her class? 2. What did she feel at that moment? What words

does the author choose to describe her feelings? 3. What instructions did the headmistress give to the

young teacher? What do you think of them? 4. Why did Anne "look with fresh interest at Arnold?"

Describe Arnold's appearance and behaviour. 5. How did the other children behave in Miss

Enderby's presence? (Find words describing their behaviour.) 6. Why do you think "there came a

faint sigh of relief" after Miss Enderby left the classroom? Describe the children's behaviour after

she left. 7. What advice given her at college did Anne remember? Did she follow the advice? What

was the result? Why did the children behave like that? 8. How did Anne restore the order? Do you

think it was the only way out? 9. Comment on the words: "Anne's self-esteem crept back".

VII. Comment on the meaning of the prepositions for, in, with in the sentences

below:

A.1. ... you are very, very lucky this term to have Miss Lacey foryour new teacher. 2. They

chose him fortheir leader. 3. Must you have George fora master — here, and our mother fora

school-mistress? 4. I still want you formy wife.

B.1. "Perhaps you could say 'Good morning' to your new teacher?" suggested Miss Enderby

inan imperative tone. 2. "Good morning, children," responded Anne ina voice which bore no

resemblance to her own. 3. They conversed ina whisper.

C.1. They gazed back insome bewilderment. 2. If a man is ingrief, who cheers him; in

trouble, who consoles him; inwrath, who soothes him; in joy, who makes him double happy; in

prosperity, who rejoices; indisgrace, who backs him against the world? Who but woman?

D.1. Anne looked withfresh interest at Arnold. 2. Anne watched this change withsome

dismay. 3. Witha nervous start Anne hastened forward to the door. 4. She remembered withsudden

relief some advice given her at college in just such a situation,

E.1. ... someone yelped withpain. 2. His voice trembled withhorror. 3. He was dying with

hunger. 4. The boys were speechless withfear. 5. Ruth's eyes were wide withwonder.

VIII. Form adjectives and nouns from the given words with the help of the

prefixes an-, in-, mis-, dis-:

convenient, convenience; comfort, comfortable; dependent, dependence; different,

difference; able, capable; important; experienced; obedient; understanding; honesty.

IX. a) Fill in prepositions where necessary: