Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 1 курс

3. В предложениях, содержащих перечисление (enumeration), обычно

каждая неконечная смысловая группа произносится с восходящим тоном.

Например:

The Vfive 'members of his 'family xare: | his /mother, | his sister-in-law, |

his -> son /Benny, | his -» wife ,Helen | and himxself.

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t l

S T U D Y T H E F O L L O W I N G

82

T a b l e No.1

ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ С ВВОДНЫМ THERE

There isa

some no

not anybook cup knife plate

newspaperon the table, on the desk.There aresome no

not any (not) many a lot of a fewbooks

exercise-books

cups knivesr

on the table, on th,e desk.There *ssome no

not any (not) much a lot of little a littlechalk

bread

butter

sugar

milk

Is thereanybook cup knife plate

newspaperon the table? on the desk?Are thereany

many

fewbooks

exercise-books plateson the table? on the desk?

! 1

i 1 Is thereany

much

littlechalk

bread

butter

sugar

milk

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The

clock

glass

is

cat

dog

boxes

pencils

are

books

on

under

the

desk, chair, bed. i sofa.

bookcase.

NUMERALS

101

— one hundred andone

245

— two hundred andforty-five

359

— three hundred andfifty-nine

712

— seven hundred andtwelve

2 018

— two thousand andeighteen

8 541

— eight thousand five hundred andforty-one

3 400 936

— three million four hundred thousand nine hundred

andthirty-six

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Примечания. 1 В составных числительных перед десятками (а если их нет,

то перед единицами) ставится союз and

2

Числительные hundred, thousand, million не употребляются во

множественном числе Во множественном числе могут употребляться только

соответствующие существительные. Например' hundreds of thousands of people.

3

Годы обозначаются количественными числительными.

1900 — nineteen hundred,

1909 — nineteen nine или nineteen hundred and nine,

1977 — nineteen seventy-seven или nineteen hundred and seventy-seven.

Слово year после обозначения года не употребляется, но может

употребляться перед ним in the year nineteen twelve

Даты обозначаются порядковыми числительными, на письме и в чтении

25th January, 1912 the twenty-fifth of January, nineteen-twelve January

25th, 1912 или January the twenty-fifth, nineteen twelve, January 25, 1912.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

Для указания времени употребляются предлоги at, past, to, from, till.

e. g. Come atfive o'clock. Go there atseven. The train arrives atseven

thirty-two. It is half pasttwo. It is a quarter tothree. Leave your place ata

quarter tosix. He is at home fromthree tillfour.

EXERCISES

I. a) Study Substitution Table No. 1 and compose as many sentences

as you can. b) Let the members of the class ask and answer questions as

in the model. Give a short answer and add a sentence of your own with

the introductory there.

M o d e l : Is there any clock on your desk?

There is. And there is also a lamp on it.

c) Respond to the negative sentence of your fellow-student as in the model. Use

contracted forms in speech.

M o d e l : There aren't any knives on the table.

No, there aren't. There are only forks here.

d} Study Substitution Table No. 2 and compose as many sentences a$ you can.

e| Use the same sentences in short situations.

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II. Transcribe the following words and explain the reading rules:

boot, prepare, ball, book, mere, meat, good, store, bread, care, palm, cure,

cold, last, plant, text, exam, rather, germ, hurt, hare, grasp, staff, bald, calf,

chalk, clasp, a talented dancer, a broken branch, a stone wall, a dull day, a

wise man, a cheap car, a big ship, a fat sheep, a naughty girl, a lazy boy, a rare

plant, a strict lady, a cold lake, a birthday present, Bertha's basket, spare time,

pure water.

III. Write the plural form of the following nouns. Transcribe them:

country, saleswoman, match, boy, sister-in-law, man, tooth, handkerchief,

potato, deer, piano, knife, lady, suffix, foot.

IV. Before you start working at the text, practise the sounds in the following

words and word combinations:

1. [A]— cousin, at once, husband, country, London, much,

but, come; [a] — large, aunt, farther, as far as; [ o : ]

— daughter, Georgie, four, North.

2. a) Linking r: yourwaunt, are^in Canada, where^is it,

faraway, as fai^s;

b) No voicing before voiced consonants: Thoma§J3rown, it'sfjust,

it'^jnuch;

c) No devoicing before voiceless consonants: Benny' SLЈOU-sins,

whos^children, Emily' SLfhildren;

d) Loss of plosion: but^granny, micijday.

V. a) Listen to the recording of the text "Doctor Sandford's Family". Mark the

stresses and tunes, b) Practise the text for test reading. Listen to the text very

carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c) Listen to the recording of

the dialogue "About Benny's Cousins". Mark the stresses and tunes, d) Practise the

dialogue for test reading. Listen to the text very carefully until you can say it in

exactly the same way. e) Memorize the dialogue and dramatize it.

V. Read the following:

1. VOld Mrs. 'Sandford is 'fifty-veight, | V Helen is 'twenty-xsix, I Doctor

-»Sandford is xthirty. 2. There are a -»lot of, exercise-books, I,pens I and

xpencils on the desk. 3. There are V not so 'many ,parks, 1,gardens | and

^squares in the town. 4. -»Show all the , rivers, |,lakes, | and xseas on the map.

VII. Answer the following questions:

A. 1. Is this a classroom? 2. Are there many desks in it? How many? 3. Are

there any chairs in the room? How many? 4. Are there any lamps in the room?

5. Are they on the walls? 6. How many lamps are there in it? 7. How many

windows are there in the room? 8. What colour are the walls? 9. What colour

are the desks? 10. What colour are the chairs? 11. Is there a blackboard on the

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wall? 12. What colour is the board? 13. Are there any sentences on it? 14.

How many books are there on your desk? 15. Are they English or Russian?

16. How many exercise-books are there in your bag? 17. Are they thick or

thin? 18. Is this book thick or thin? 19. What is there on this table? 20. What is

there in that box?

B. 1. Is the box on the desk? 2. Are the pencils in the box? 3. Is the bag on

the desk or under it? 4. Is the fountain-pen on the bag or in the bag? 5. Is the

notebook in my hand or under it? 6. Are the notebooks on the desk or under

it? 7. Are the letters on the book or under it? 8. Where is the picture? 9. Where

is the chair? 10. Where are the pens?

C. 1. Is Dr. Sandford's family large? 2. Has he a wife? 3. What is her

name? 4. Has she a sister? 5. Has Dr. Sandford a father? 6. Has he a mother?

7. Has Dr. Sandford a daughter? 8. Has he a son? 9. What is his name? 10. So

how many people are there in Dr. Sandford's family? 11. How old is Dr.

Sandford? 12. How old is Helen? 13. How old is Mrs. Sandford? 14. How

many cousins has Benny? 15. Whose children are Georgie and May? 16.

Where are Benny's cousins?

VIII. a) Write sentences using there is, there are and the words given

below:

1. bus, street; 2. lamp, room; 3. chalk, blackboard; 4. bread, table; 5. tea,

tea-pot; 6. coffee, coffee-pot; 7. money, bag; 8. paper, box; 9. soap, shelf; 10.

water, jug.

b) Make up micro-dialogues with the same sentences.

IX. Fill in prepositions:

1. Don't be late. Come ... nine o'clock. 2. What time is it now? It is half ...

six. 3. We are going to leave ... a quarter ... ten. 4. It is twelve o'clock now.

Come here in ten minutes, ten minutes ... twelve. 5. Is it a quarter ... three? In

a quarter of an hour, ... three o'clock we must be ... the University. 6. He must

work ... seven ... eleven o'clock. 7. They live ... the North ... our country.

X. a) Rewrite the following in the plural:

1. There is a sentence on the blackboard. 2. Is there a desk in the room? 3.

There is not any book on the table. 4. Is there a dictionary on the chair? 5.

There is a match in the box. 6. There is a girl in the picture. 7. There is no

child in their family.

b) Change the sentences using the construction given in Table No. 2 on page 87.

87

XI.

a) Write the interrogative and negative forms of the following

sentences:

1. There is a telegram on the table. 2. There is a cinema near our house. 3.

There are many mistakes in his dictation. 4. There js much paper in his bag. 5.

There are two sofas in the room, i. There are a lot of children in the park

today.

b) Express your surprise asking questions as in the model. Note the

listribution of sentence stress in the replies.

yl о d e 1: There is a dog in the room.

,1s there? Is there -> really a ,dog in the room? I say there vis.

c) Respond to the same statement in the negative.

Л о d e 1: There is a dog in the room.

Oh, no. There is vno dog there.

Are you sure?

Quite.

XII.

The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them.

M o d e l : Doctor Sandford's family is large. No,

that's wrong. It's not large.