Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 1 курс

2. Восклицательные

предложения (exclamations) обычно

произносятся нисходящим тоном при несколько расширенном диапазоне.

Например:

'Certainly!

^ . .

3. Предлог, следующий за последним ударным словом интонационной

группы, имеет полную нередуцированную форму. Например:

What can I do for you? [-> wot кэп ai xdu: fo- ju ]

STUDY THE FOLLOWING

121

T a b l e No1

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

attwo o'clock, half past three, night, noononSunday, Monday, May

the first, the second of JuneinJanuary, February, March spring,

summer, autumn 1949

the morning, the evening, the afternoon

Следующие обстоятельства времени употребляется без предлога:

this morning, this afternoon, this evening, tonight; yesterday morning,

yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, last night;

tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening, tomorrow

night.

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

attwo o'clock, half past three, night, noononSunday, Monday, May the

first, the second of JuneinJanuary, February, March spring, summer,

autumn 1949

the morning, the evening, the afternoon

Примечание. Суффикс -(e)s глагола в 3-м лице единственного числа

произносится [ г ] после гласных и звонких согласных — sees [si z], builds |bilz) [s|

после глухих согласных — wants [wonts], [iz] после ширящих и свистящих согласных

— teaches ftfctfiz]

Table No. 2

122

b

Do

I

like

English?

)

we

Moscow?

you

winter?

they

our University? this poem?

Mary and Tom

to skate?

Does

he (she) Mary

to read English books?

c

I

do not (don't)

like

)

We

You

They

German, our study,

Mary and Tome

winter, this poem, to

He (She) Mary

does not

skate, to go out in the

(doesn't)

evening.

CONTRACTED FORMS

Do you study English? — No, I don't. Does he study

English? — No, he doesn 't.

T a b l e No. 3 GENERAL QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT

SPEECH

I

WeYouaskthe weather is fine.theyMary speaks English.Mary and Tomiffather is free on

Sunday.(whether)Tom likes to play chess.

He (She)the children can skate well.MaryasksThe boy

Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -xr -z,принимают в третьем

лице единственного числа окончание -es[iz]: I pass — he passes; 1 teach —

he teaches.

Окончание -es в глаголе groes читается как [ z ] : I go — he goes [g3uz].

123

Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на букву -у, которой предшествует согласная,

меняют букву у на iи принимают окончание -es:to study — he studies.

Если букве -у предшествует гласная, буква у не меняется: to stay — he

stays.

Memory $0or$-

Solomon Grundy

Solomon Grundy Born on Monday, Christened on Tuesday,

Married on Wednesday, J31 on Thursday, Worse on Friday, Died

on Saturday, Buried on Sunday, That was the end of Solomon

Grundy.

* * *

Thirty days have September, April, June and November, All the rest have

thirty-one; February has twenty-eight alone, Excepting leap-year, that's the time

When February's days are twenty-nine.

EXERCISES

I. Study Substitution Table2 and compose as many sentences as you can.

II. Read and transcribe the following words. Explain the reading rules:

did — deed, had — hard, lick — leak, hip — heap, dear — ieer, lad — lard,

Mary — marry, hail — hear, sill — seal, bear —

beer, lip — leap, pit — pat, hill — heal, chair — cheer, bad — ,l bard, fill —

feel, marry — merry, ship — sheep, taught — tap — tape, pen — pain — pale, fit

— foot — fate, dive — dove — dame, daisy — lazy — darling.

III. Copy the following words and arrange them in columns according '

to the corresponding type of syllable:

stamp, write, stir, bench, tulip, Arthur, button, mule, lace, typist, fare, dark,

cure, burn, here, muff, fine, mere, lace, cube, purse, tires, fade, prepare, mass,

system.

IV.

Spell and transcribe the3rd person singular of the following

verbs:

come, go, play, write, wash, stress, begin, catch, cut, eat, hang, get, relax, hold,

know, lead, meet, ring, think, understand, work, change, open, push, kiss, study,

stay, copy, say, carry, watch.

124

V. The material below is to be prepared for reading. Mark the stress-

es and tunes. Concentrate your attention on the sound [з:]. Let your fel-

low-student read the exercise aloud for you to detect his errors:

[з:] 1. A little girl with a pretty curl.

2. Learn thirteen words of Lesson Thirty.

2. The first word is a verb and the third word is ari adverb. \

3. First come first served.

4. One good turn deserves another.

5. As the workman so is the work.

VI.

Before you start working at the text practise the sounds in the

following words and word combinations:

1.

— see, receive, read, needn't, please, tea;

[ae]— Saturday, Sandford, glad, can, family, thank, have; [e] — enter, present,

let, anything, pleasure, well; [u] — knock, what, doctor, clock. Nasal plosion:

needn't, certainly.

2. a) No devoicing before voiceless consonants: his ^study,

havewtea;

b) No voicing before voic&d consonants: let's^go, this_way;

c) Loss of plosion: glad_to see you, sit_down, whatwcan I do, likewto have it;

d) No glottal stop: Saturdaywafternoon, Sandfordwiswin, comewinf whatwis^it,

show him^in, Mr. White^enters.

VII.

a) Listen to the recording of the dialogue "Mr. White Comes Again". Mark the

stresses and tunes, b) Practise the dialogue for test reading. Listen to the recording very

carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c) Memorize the dialogue and

dramatize it.

VIII. Read the following exclamations:

1. You are right! 2. It's excellent! 3. How nice! 4. She is here! 5. They are

ready! 6. We can ask him!

IX.

Pronounce the following phrases with the low-rising tone and

then with the falling-rising tone:

1. Satisfactory?

2. On Saturday?

3. Mr. Robertson?

4. In Moscow?

5. In London?

125

6. Next year?

7. To the North?

8. Again

9. At night

10.

Today?

11.Now?

12.

X. Transcribe the following sentences, mark the stresses and tunes, picture them on

the staves:

1. Good afternoon, Doctor? 2. What can I do for you? 3. Come in, please. 4.

Show him in, Betty. 5. Have tea with us. — Thank you. I'd be glad to.

XI. Answer the following questions:

A. 1. Where is Mr. Sandford on a Saturday afternoon?

2. Who comes to see Doctor Sandford on a Saturday afternoon?

3. What does Mr. White ask Doctor Sandford about? 4. Why does Mr. White

call on Doctor Sandford? 5. Doctor Sandford signs the paper, doesn't he? 6. What

do they do in England at 5 o'clock in the afternoon?

B. 1. Do you like English? 2. You speak English well, don't you? 3. Where do

you study English? 4. Does your brother go to the Institute every day? 5. Your

classes begin in the morning, don't they? 6. Where do you prepare your lessons? 7.

What does your brother do in the evening? 8. What foreign language does your

mother speak? 9. What do you write on the blackboard with?

C. 1. What's the date today? 2. What day is it? 3. What is the first (second,

third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh) day of the week? 4. What is the first (second,

third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth) month of

the year? 5. Which month is November? 6. Which month is June? 7. Which month

is December? 8. When do your studies at the University begin? 9. When do the

winter examinations begin? 10. When do the summer examinations begin?

XII.

a) Make the following sentences interrogative and negative. :

b) Ask one another questions on the following statements and answer ■

them in the negative. Keep moving this exercise rapidly.

M o d e l : Mr. White wants to see you.

126

Does Mr. White want to see me? No, he doesn't.

1. Mr. White and Betty enter the room. 2. Mr. White wants to see Doctor

Sandford. 3. You can sign this paper. 4. I know some of these names. 5.1 can do

something. 6. The walls of my room are light-green.

XIII. Write questions to the words in bold type and let your fellow-student answer

them. Observe the distribution of stress in the replies:

1. There are twelvemonths in a year.2. There are thirtydays in June. 3. She

is twelve.4. My brother'sfriend can skate well 5. He is a doctor.6. We call it a

bedroom.7. I like to read Englishbooks. 8. It is the first of October.9. It is

Thursday.10. On the rightI can see a bookcase.

XIV. a) Form all possible questions to which the following sentences are the

answers:

1. There are some newspapers on the desk. 2. We have tea at five o'clock. 3. I

have two English lessons on Monday. 4. My parents live in Moscow. 5. My father

is a doctor. 6. My father works at a hospital. 7. He is forty-five. 8. All the

members of my family read this paper. 9. I can come and see you on Friday. 10.

You may sign this paper tomorrow.

b) Each sentence states a certain fact. Find some more details about it by asking

questions. Work in pairs.

XV.

Write in words and read:

9/IV 1946; 8/V11 1924; 1/1X 1827; 12/X 1955; 4/1 1949; 11/II 1918.

XVI.

Fill in somebody [someone), anybody [anyone), nobody [no one) everybody

[everyone), somethingr anything, nothing, everything:

1. Is there ... on the desk? 2. The door is open. There must be ... at home. 3.