Елена Кириллова - Пособие по теории и практике перевода

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. I became a winnerat the last winterchampionships.

2. The word “world”means a planet.

3. Our teamwon the titles at the Olympic Games many times.

4. Our academy has three facultiesand many sports facilities.

5. A newworld record in swimming is being set now.

6. Gymnaststake up gymnasticsin the gymnasia.

7. Athletestake up athleticsat the stadium.

8. There are manysporting awards but the mainone is the Olympic title.

9. Stop training hardto prevent heartdisease!

10. The patient was very weaklast two weeks.

Задание 3.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. He began to make a listof different activities he was to take part in.

2. Through modern technology, water therapy is found to be the most natural way of promoting food health and longevity in the 21st century.

3. The main focusof Yoga exercise is to achieve a better harmonization and synergy between individual body systems and functions.

4. Therapeutic exercise in a pool is done as a group exercise and it uses the relaxing effect of warm water in combinationwith movement therapy, which is due to the ease of floating in water.

5. The water environment is very suitable for treatment of static impairments and incorrect body position.

6. Bowls is a precision sport where the goalis to roll slightly radially asymmetrical balls (called bowls) closer to a smaller white ball (the "jack" or "kitty") than one's opponent is able to do.

7. The effect of respiratory physiotherapy depends on the cooperationof the patient, the technique and the degree of severity of bronchiolar stenosis.

8. At a major competition, classifiers watch athletes training and competing and may use the observations together with other datato decide whether or not an athlete needs to be re-classified.

9. Bicycles, Tricycles, Tandems and Handcycles must conform to the technical regulationsof the International Cycling Union (UCI) and IPC Cycling Rules.

10. Race distances varyaccording to athlete classification.

11. The penaltyfor missing a gate in Slalom is disqualification.

12. Athletes' times determine the orderof finish.

13. The course ofSuper Giant Slalom is shorter than Downhill but longer than Giant Slalom and Slalom.

Задание 4.

Переведите текст письменно со словарем. Обратите особое внимание на слова localized, generalized, global.

PARALYSIS

Paralysis may be localized, or generalized, or it may follow a certain pattern. For example, localized paralysis occurs in Bell's palsy where one side of the face may be paralyzed due to inflammation of the facial nerve on that side. Patients with stroke may be weak throughout their body (global paralysis) or have hemiplegia (weakness on one side of the body) or other patterns of paralysis depending on the area of damage in the brain. Other patterns of paralysis arise due to different lesions and their sequelae. For example, lower spinal cord damage from a severe back injury may result in paraplegia, while an injury higher up on the spinal cord, such as a neck injury, can cause quadriplegia.

Задание 5.

Переведите текст письменно со словарем. Обратите особое внимание на слова model, condition, collection, aspects.

ILLNESS

Illnessand sicknessare generally used as synonyms for disease . However, this term is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her disease. In this model, it is possible for a person to be diseased without being ill, (to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition), and to be ill without being diseased (such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalizes a nondisease situation in his or her life). Illness is often not due to infection but a collection of evolved responses, sickness behavior, by the body aids the clearing of infection. Such aspects of illness can include lethargy, depression, anorexia, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, and inability to concentrate.

В каждом языке существует много устойчивых словосочетаний, ограниченных, с одной стороны, их семантикой, а с другой – общественной практикой их употребления. Такие сочетания далеко не всегда совпадают в разных языках. Английский язык, как и русский, обладает своими внутренними законами сочетаемости слов, вследствие чего составные элементы фразеологических сочетаний не всегда являются аналогичными. Сохранение значения английских слов будет буквализмом и нарушением норм русского языка.

Например :

Словосочетания to make demands(буквальный перевод – «делать требования»),

to place upon demands(буквальный перевод – «ставить, размещать требования») в русском языке имеют одно соответствие «предъявлять требования».

Также в русском языке есть устойчивое сочетание «соответствовать требованиям» , а не «встречать требования», как буквально переводится to meet the demands.

И таких примеров много:

to take steps – не брать , а предпринимать шаги

to pay attention – не платить , а обращать внимание

to take measures – не брать, а принимать меры

on the one hand – не с одной руки , а с одной стороны

on the other hand – не с другой руки , а с другой стороны

Чтобы правильно установить значение английского фразеологического сочетания в целом, следует вывести его из значений составляющих компонентов, которые отыскиваются в словаре обычным порядком. Но при передаче значения данного сочетания на русском языке требуется найти адекватное выражение в соответствии с общепринятыми нормами русского литературного языка, при этом перевод может быть сделан двумя способами:

словосочетанием:

They tooknecessary measures. – Они принялинеобходимые меры.

одним словом:

The 13rd World championships in athletics took placein Berlin.

13-ый чемпионат мира по легкой атлетике прошелв Берлине.

Список фразеологических единиц, часто встречающихся в медицинской литературе

Задание 1.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на устойчивые словосочетания.

1. In the case ofpossibly life-threatening illness, a patient may be treated by a dozen or more specialists, each with their area of medical expertise.

2. In general,no information can be released at all without patient consent, unless there are exceptional circumstances.

3. More procedures are now being performed in a surgeon's office, rather thanin an operating room.

4. Many people start running in order towin the battle of the bulge.

5. Most forms of bowling may be categorized as eitherindoor oroutdoor.

6. Wheelchair Curling is governed by and played according tothe rules of the World Curling Federation (WCF), with only one modification for wheelchair users – no sweeping – and is practiced by athletes in 16 countries.

7. The categories apply for both summer and winter paralympics.

8. Ischemia can be due tothrombosis, embolism, or systemic hypoperfusion. Hemorrhage can be due tointracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage. ~80 % of strokes are due toischemia.

9. In fact,the consequences of childhood injury may simply be more difficult to detect in the short term.

10. In the caseof a child with frontal brain injury, the impact of the damage may be undetectable until that child fails to develop normal executive functions in his or her late teens and early twenties.

11. Passing in Goalball can take placewithin the eight seconds, and players may move about the court to adopt favourable positions.

12. All athletes who use contact lenses or correcting glasses normally must wear them during classification, whether or notthey intend to use them during competition.

13. Goalball is open toathletes with a visual impairment.

14. While a game of Gaolball is in progress, the gymnasium is completely silent so as to allow the players to concentrate and react instantly to the ball.