Одед Шенкар - Имитаторы: Как компании заимствуют и перерабатывают чужие идеи

1. Выбирая различные пути развития, от свободного движения до скачкообразных рывков, компании повышают свои риски, игнорируя преимущества имитации.

2. Темп имитации сопоставим с темпом инновации и даже превышает его.

3. Одни имитаторы добиваются успеха, тогда как другие терпят неудачу из-за отсутствия необходимых способностей или неумения осуществлять стратегическое планирование.

4. Имитация не только не противоречит инновации, но и при правильном применении стимулирует ее.

5. В результате объединения имитации и инновации с целью создания конкурентного преимущества возникает имовация.

Имитация является одной из фундаментальных основ биологической и социальной жизни. Благодаря ей биологические виды обучаются, познают мир, выживают, конкурируют и развиваются, приобретая характеристики и поведение, позволяющие им успешно существовать в условиях окружающей среды. Имитация представляет собой жизненно важный механизм, используемый человеком для приобретения базовых умений, например при освоении языка. Организации используют ее для обучения и конкуренции, культурные и социальные общности – для установления ценностей и норм поведения, нации – чтобы не отставать друг от друга. Имитация поддерживает выживание человеческой расы посредством использования инструментов и развития компетенций. Имитация – способ передачи сложных социальных традиций из поколения в поколение {36} 36 Yando, R., Seitz, V., and Zigler, E. 1978. Imitation: A developmental perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Elbaum. . Она необходима для эволюции человеческого общества, поскольку обеспечивает распространение новых идей, технологий и изобретений благодаря так называемому инерционному эффекту {37} 37 Michael Tomasello, as cited in Hurley, S., and Chater, N. 2007. Introduction: The importance of imitation. In Perspectives on imitation: From neuroscience to social science, eds. S. Hurley and N. Chater. Cambridge, MA: MIT. .

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