Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс. Ключи

Ex. V a), p. 217 Sport is very popular in Britain. In other words a lot of British^ people like the idea of sport, a lot even watch sport, especially on! the TV. However, the number who actively take part in sport ufl probably quite small. On the whole British people prefer to be fad rather than fit. |
The most popular spectator sport is football. Football is! played on a Saturday afternoon in most British towns and the! fans or supporters of a particular team will travel from one end! of the country to the other to see their team play. I
Many other sports are also played in Britain, including golfl in which you try to knock a ball into a hole; croquet in which youl try to knock a ball through some hoops; basketball in which youl try to get a ball into a net; tennis in which you try to hit a ball sol that your opponent cannot hit it and cricket which is played with! a ball, but is otherwise incomprehensible. As you can see, if thfl ball had not been invented, there would have been no sport.
Actually thats not quite true. Athletics is not played with M ball, nor is horse-racing. Perhaps that explains why they are no« so popular as football.
Ex. VII, p. 218
shout for his/ones team — to raise ones voice in support ofl his/ones team while it is playing
is in good form today — is in good shape today, is in a gooe condition of health and training today
lost the toss — To decide or choose smth. people ofte* (especially in sports) toss a coin, i. e. throw it lightly into the ail to see which side of it will be up when it falls. If you say "tails4 ("решка") and it falls with the tails up, you win. But if it falld with the heads ("орел") up, you lose. I
to play with/against the wind — It is easier for a football team to play when the wind if there is one is blowing in their backs!
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i. e. they are "playing with the wind" than when it is blowing in their faces, i. e. they are playing against it. If the captain loses the toss (see above), his team has to play with their faces to the wind in the first time, but in the second time the teams change places.
to kick off — to begin a game of football by kicking the ball Come on! — 1. Thy harder! Make an effort! 2. Hurry up! 3. Cheer up!
the game of his life — the most important game of his life, the game that could decide his future and be the making of him (вывести его в люди)
3 minutes to go — There are three minutes left.
Ex. VIII, p. 218
1.1 prefer track-and-field/track and field athletics/(Br) ath-letics/((7S) track to boxing, and wrestling. 2. I am dreaming of setting (up) a record in swimming. 3. I cant run today. Im in bad form/shape (out of form/shape). 4. People all over the world follow Olympic Games. 5. He spends a lot of time on athletic training. 6. I support /I am a fan of the football team "Spartak". 7. Our game ended in a draw. 8. He will willingly/ gladly/readily coach us in fencing. 9. Do you do/play/go in for track-and-field? 10. Wind-surfing and hang gliding have appeared quite recently. 11. The boy is dreaming of becoming a hockey player and asking his parents to buy him a stick and a puck/asking for a stick and a puck. 12. How many people are going to take part in the Institute chess competition?
13. Wouldnt you like to win the cup in this competition?
14. Who was the first to kick/score a goal? 15. Are you going to (attend) this match? 16. Archery has become rather a popular sport. 17. No one expected them to win with the score of two to nil. 18. He is good at figure skatin,. 19. "Women dont play football, do they?" — "Yes, they do but rarely." 20. "Who won our Institute draughts competition?" — "One of the freshmen/ first-year students." 21. Its not worth joining two sports circles at a time. 22.1 prefer calisthenics to any other sport. 23. We wont be able to compete with you, we are out of form/shape. 24. "Are you going to take part in the rowing competition?" — "Sure/ Certainly." 25. I am sure that the game will end in a draw/the game will be drawn. 26. We have a splendid gym and all the opportunities for good athletic training.




Ex. XrV,p. 221
1.1 seem to know this man. He used to be an excellent runnel and now he coaches/trains young sportsmen. 2. "Can it be truf that he didnt take part in the cup game?" — "Yes, he waf unlucky/ he had bad luck. On the eve of the game he was laid upj fell ill with pneumonia." 3.1 could hardly believe my ears when 1 heard that our Institute team had won with the score of six to ni] (US six to zero). 4. You neednt have hurried. The competitiol wont be held on account of bad weather. 5. He was awfully upsel when he was told that his team had lost. 6. My elder sister haa been practising calisthenics for three years. 7. Im glad that todays game ended in a draw. We may have lost because many oi us were out of form. 8. The track and field events have not begur yet. 9. Who set (up) the latest world record in the high jump?
Ex. XV, p. 221
Что-то странное творится на этой узкой дороге к западу oi городка. По всей ее длине медленно движется сплошной по ток — поток, состоящий из людей в серо-зеленых матерчаты: кепках.
Эти люди только что побывали на стадионе футбольном клуба «Браддерсфорд юнайтед ассосиэйшн». Сказать, что вс< они заплатили по своему кровному шиллингу за то, чтобы по наблюдать, как двадцать два наемника гоняют по полю мяч, — это все равно что заявить: скрипка — это просто дерево плкх кетгут, а «Гамлет» — просто бумага плюс чернила. За один единственный шиллинг «Браддерсфорд юнайтед» подарил ваа зрелище, в коем соединились Борьба и Искусство; он превра тил вас в критика, с упоением рассуждающего о тончайшиз нюансах игры, готового мгновенно оценить достоинства хорО шо рассчитанного паса, пробега вдоль боковой линии, быс рого, как молния, удара по воротам, ответного удара вратар или защитника; он сделал из вас энтузиаста, который не дыш застывает, когда мяч влетает в ворота/во вратарскую площад ку его команды, впадает в экстаз, когда ее нападающие мчат ся к воротам противника, который испытывает то восторг, т уныние, то горечь, то триумф в зависимости от того, удачн или нет складываются дела у его любимцев, который видит, как с помощью мяча создаются новые «Илиады» и «Одиссеи». Но и это еще не все — благодаря «Браддерсфорд юнайтед» в вступили в новое сообщество, все члены которого на протяже­нии полутора часов ощущали себя родными братьями, ибо каждый из вас не просто сбежал от неумолимого железного лязга повседневной жизни: от работы, зарплаты, квартплаты, пособий по безработице, выплат по больничным, карточек со­циального страхования, ворчливых жен, хворающих детей, плохих начальников и ленивых работников — но сбежал вме­сте с большинством своих друзей и соседей с доброй полови­ной города, и вы все вместе кричали, подбадривая свою ко­манду, и хлопали друг друга по плечам, и обменивались мне­ниями, словно короли. Пройдя через турникет, вы очутились в ином, великолепном мире, мире, где есть боль Борьбы, но также есть красота и страсть Искусства. Ну и кроме всего про­чего, за свой шиллинг вы получили тему для разговоров, ко­торой за глаза хватит вам на всю неделю.




















UNIT SEVEN
Ex. I, p. 230
Pattern 1:1. There is hardly another hockey team of equal popularity. 2. There was hardly a world championship he missed.
Theres hardly a vacancy on our staff. 4. We have hardly got any more time but you can finish the composition off at home.
There was hardly a living soul at the stadium. 6. There is hardly any reason for their losing the game.
Pattern 2: 1. The coach made the athletes postpone their training. 2. The strangers made Roger drive up to the back yard, and he obeyed. 3. They will never make Andrew break his promise. 4. The conversation made her feel uneasy. 5. Nothing will make liim break with his bad habits, no matter what you are saying.
Ex. Ill, p. 231
1. There is hardly a country the old seaman hasnt been to. 2. There is hardly another city with such a population as Tokyo/ with as big a population as in Tokyo. 3. They hardly had another opportunity to free the Gadfly. 4. There is hardly a person who doesnt like puppet shows. 5. Horrible! There is hardly another word to describe my condition/to describe how I felt at that
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moment. 6. There was hardly a chess competition he missed. 7. There is hardly another coach as attentive and patient as this one. 8. What made your brother give up boxing? 9. The two young thieves made Oliver climb through the window. 10. Dorian thought that nothing would make him break his promise to Sybil Vane. 11. The actor* performance made the spectators not only feel but also think. 12. What made Byron fight on the side of the Greeks? 13. Wha made Lanny return to Stilveld? 14. This episode made my siste laugh and upset/saddened me.
Ex. II, p. 239
more than/over a million tons, millions of people, tw hundred lakes, 600 feet deep, hundreds of miles, the Thames is little over 200 miles long, hundreds of small islands, the tot area of the United Kingdom is some/is about 94,250 square mile or 244,000 square kilometres and its population is/totals 5 million people
Ex. Ill, p. 239
a) the British Isles { 6c.bntiJ"ailz] Great Britain { ,greit "bntn] Ireland { aialand]
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelan { di juinaitid kindam aV, greit bntn and no:d(a) aialand] England { ingland] Wales { wcilz] Scotland { skntland] the Irish Republic { di,ain.f прлЬИк] Eirefetn, е(э)гэ] Britain { bntn] the Highlands { da hailandz]
Norwayf n3:we| ] theFens{ da fenz] Holland { (inland] Manchester { ma;nt Jasla] Sheffield { Jefi:ld] Europe { ju:
theStraitsof Dover { da,stmts av dauva]
France{ (ra:ns]
the North Sea { da. пэ:8 si:]
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the Hebrides { hebndiz]
the Orkney Islands { d i ,э: к n i ailands]
the Shetland Islands { da. Jet land ailandz]
the Lowlands { laulandz]
the Bristol Channel { da– bristl tjaenl]
the Dee { da di:]
the Mersey { da msisi]
the Cheviotsfda tjeviats]
the Pennines { da penainz]
the Cumbrian Mountains { бэ.клтЬпэп mauntmz]
the Lake District { бэ * leik –distnkt]
the Cambrian Mountains { бэ, kEembrian mauntinz]
the Severn { da sev(a)n]
the Clyde { da klaidl
the Thames { da temz]
the Tyne { da tain]
theTay { da tei]
the Forth { da foiGJ
the Bristol Avon { da –bristl eiv(a)n]
b) advantage { adva:nlid3] преимущество; достоинство canal { ka nsel] канал channel { t/senl] пролив
comparatively { kam paerativli] сравнительно, относи­тельно
desolate { dcsalat] пустынный, безлюдный
determine { d I* t з: m i n ] определять
estuary { estjuari, estjari] устье (реки); дельта (реки)
extremely { i kstгi:mIi] чрезвычайно, исключительно, не­обыкновенно и т.п.
glorious { д 1 э: г i a s ] великолепный, прекрасный, восхи­тительный
heather { h с d a ] вереск
indentation { . indenteij(a)n) 1. зубец, выемка; 2. углуб­ление, извилина (берега) manufacture { ,mжnju faektja]изготавливать, производить moor { mua] пустошь navigable { na:vigab(a)l] судоходный occasionally { a kei5(a)nali] время от времени plough { plau] 1. плуг; 2. пахать scenery { si:n а г i] 1. пейзаж; 2. декорация (-ии)
i
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strait { streit] пролив
total { taut 1] общий, совокупный
vague { veig] смутный, неясный
value Г vaelju: J1. ценность, важность; 2. оценивать, давать оценку (в денежном выражении); ценить (что-л.), до­рожить (чем-л.)
vary { " veari] меняться), изменять(ся); разнообразить
wander f wDnda] бродить; скитаться
wheat f.wi:t] пшеница
wind I { wind] ветер
wind II { waind] виться, извиваться (о дороге, реке и т.п.)
c) пахать — to plough, ploughed течь — to flow, flowed, flowed, flowing извиваться — to wind, wound { waund], wound, winding меняться — 1. to vary, varied, varied, varying; 2. to change,
changed,changed,changing бродить — 1. to roam, roamed, roamed, roaming; 2. to
wander, wandered, wandered, wandering ценить — t. to value, valued, valued, valuing; 2. t
appreciate, appreciated, appreciated, appreciating снабжать — to supply, supplied, supplied, supplying ломать — to break, broke, broken, breaking выращивать — 1. to grow, grew, grown, growing; 2. tcj
cultivate, cultivated, cultivated, cultivating
d) deer — deer sheep — sheep fish — fish
mouth — mouths { maudz] foot — feet
Ex. IV, p. 241
1. Shallow water is warmer than deep water. 2. Cornwall isj famous for its rocky cliffs. 3. Its rich soil is deeply cultivatedJ
4. This part of the country is noted for severe/extreme coldJ
5. The UK total area is some 94,250 square miles. 6. There are low-lying/flat fields in the east of England. 7. There are splendid] harbours for ships. 8. In the Northern Highlands of Scotland youll enjoy the sight of wild/desolate mountains. 9. They were making! their way through gentle/rolling/rounded hills. 10. There werel
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vast plains stretching for miles and miles. 11. Lowlands is the central plain of Scotland.
Ex. VI, p. 241
1. Can you show the main/most important/major British ports on the map? 2. This map is of no great value. 3. Do you know where the river Severn flows/falls into? 4. Owing to constant rains the rivers of Britain give a good supply of fresh water. 5. What mountains separate England from Scotland? 6. North-east of/To the north-east of Scotland there are some islands. What are they called? 7. According to the map/Judging by the map the Isle of Man is comparatively regular in outline. 8. What can keep the crops from severe cold? 9. A comparatively large part of ploughlancT/arable land in the south-east of England is under wheat. 10. What area of the country are the large coal fields situated in? 11. Within a few miles of/A few miles from London is the town of Croydon where there is a large airport.
A Ex. VII, p. 242
c) солнечный — sunny туманный — foggy дождливый — rainy снежный — snowy скалистый — rocky грязный — dirty дымный — smoky водянистый — watery холмистый — hilly песчаный — sandy сахарный — sugary удлиненный — oblong, elongated предпочтительный — preferable ценный — valuable судоходный — navigable заметный — noticeable отделимый — separable определимый — definable подходящий — suitable
d) variety-show — эстрадный концерт wheat-field — пшеничное поле
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coal-supplier — поставщик угля ploughman — пахарь heather-moor — вересковая пустошь; пустошь, поросшая
вереском horseshoe — подкова seashore — морской берег
seascape — 1. морской пейзаж; 2. красивый вид на море earthquake — землетрясение
deer-hunting — 1. охота на оленей; 2. охотящийся на оле­ней
wheat-growing — 1. выращивание пшеницы; 2. выращи­вающий пшеницу
sheep-breeding — 1. овцеводство; 2. овцеводческий, раз­водящий овец
crop-gathering — 1. сбор урожая; 2. собирающий урожай! land-ploughing — 1. вспашка земли; 2. пашущий землю, пахотный
snow-ploughing — 1. уборка снега (машинная); 2. снего­уборочный (о технике)
shipbuilding (yards) — судостроительные (верфи) leaf-bearing (trees) — лиственные (деревья) nature-loving (nation) — любящий природу (народ) furbearing (animals) — пушные (звери) ocean-going (steamers) — океанские (суда) food-producing (industries)— пищевые (отрасли)
snow-covered (fields) —покрытые снегом/заснежепные (поля)
smoke-filled (room) — накуренная/задымленная (комната) man-made (canal) — искусственный (канал) grass-covered (plain) — покрытая травой (равнина) see-bound (ship) — идущий в море (корабль) weather-beaten (face) — обветренное (лицо) moonlit (path) — лунная (освещенная/залитая луной) (до­рожка)
Ex. VIII, р. 242
1. Look at the map of the British Isles. Do you know what the two largest islands are called? — Great Britain and Ireland. 2. The
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right-hand side of the map is the East. What sea is east of Great Britain? — The North Sea. 3. In what direction is the Irish Sea from Great Britain? —It is (to the) west of Great Britain. 4. Point to the body of water which is west of Ireland. What do we call it? — The Atlantic Ocean. 5. Towards the bottom of the map is the South. What is towards the top of the map? — The North is. 6. In what direction is Great Britain from the English Channel? — Great Britain is (to the) north of the English Channel. 7. What country is west of England? — The Irish Republic is. 8. Find the Thames. Rivers always flow towards the sea. In what direction does the Thames flow? — It flows south-east. 9. The Severn flows into the Bristol Channel, doesnt it? — Yes, it does. 10. Where does the Severn rise? — It rises in central Wales. 11. What do we call the highest pact of Scotland? — The Highlands. 12. Find Edinburgh and Glasgow. In what part of Scotland are they situated? — Edinburgh is situated in the south-east of Scotland, and Glasgow is in the south-west. 13. Where are the Cheviot Hills? — They stretch along the border between England and Scotland. 14. In what direction are the British Isles from the mainland? — They are (to the) west of the mainland. 15. What water body separates the British Isles from the Continent? — The English Channel does.
Ex. IX, p. 243
1. Market prices often vary. — Цены на рынке часто меня­ются.
I try to vary my diet. — Я стараюсь разнообразить свое пи­тание.
Our opinions differ. — Наши мнения расходятся.
This word has two spelling variants. — Это слово можно писать двояко.
There are various reasons for my refusal. — У меня есть ряд причин для отказа.
Ill give you various exercises on that rule. — Я дам вам не­сколько различных упражнений на это правило.
They are quite different people. — Они совершенно разные люди.
The novel describes the varied career of an adventurer. — В романе описывается пестрая карьера авантюриста.
You must have more variety in your food. — Вы должны питаться более разнообразно.
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Ive got some rare varieties of such stamps. — У меня есть несколько редких разновидностей таких марок.
There are some rare varieties of leaf-bearing trees in the park. — В парке есть несколько редких разновидностей ли­ственных деревьев.
2. The duel scene in "Hamlet" impressed us greatly. — Сце­на дуэли в «Гамлете» произвела на нас сильное впечатление.
Her acting was wonderful in the last scene. — Она велико­лепно сыграла в последней сцене.
In the first act the scene is laid in France. — В первом акте действие происходит во Франции.
Trafalgar was the scene of a famous battle between the British fleet and the combined French and Spanish fleets. — Именно у мыса Трафальгар произошло знаменитое сражение между ан­глийским флотом и объединенными флотами Франции и Ис-| пании.
I like the way this writer describes rural scenes. — Мне нра-« вится, как у этого писателя описаны сцены сельской жизни.
You could see awful scenes after the earthquake. — После землетрясения можно было увидеть жуткие картины.
The scenery was impressive in the last act. — В последнем действии были эффектные декорации.
They have almost no scenery in that play. — В этой пьесе (у них) почти нет декораций.
I prefer plains to mountain scenery. — Мне больше нравит­ся равнина, чем гористый ландшафт.
I looked out of the window enjoying the scenery. — Я посмот­рел в окно, наслаждаясь/любуясь открывающимся передо мною видом.
3. shallow water — мелководье a shallow dish — мелкое блюдо a shallow mind — поверхностный/неглубокий ум a shallow argument — легковесный/несерьезный аргумент shallow interests — несерьезные интересы
a shallow man/person — лекомысленный/пустой/несерь-езный человек
4. the extreme end — самый (дальний) конец, крайняя точка
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the extreme edge — самый (дальний) край the extreme border — самая дальняя граница in the extreme North — на Крайнем Севере extreme patience — чрезвычайное терпение extreme love — невероятная любовь extreme kindness — исключительная доброта extreme interest — чрезвычайный интерес to be extremely interested in smth. — чрезвычайно интере­соваться чем-л. to be extremely sorry for smb. — жалеть кого-л. до глуби­ны души
5. In our hall Hie students are supplied with all the necessary furniture and bedding. — У нас в общежитии студенты обеспе­чены всей необходимой мебелью и постельными принадлеж­ностями.
Who will supply the expedition with all the necessary equipment? — Кто снабдит/обеспечит экспедицию всем необ­ходимым оборудованием?
This shop has a large supply of winter coats. — В этом мага­зине есть большой запас зимних пальто (и курток).
These forests give a good supply of timber. — Эти леса слу­жат хорошим источником древесины.
6.1 dont like the shape of his nose. — Мне не нравится фор­ма его носа.
This sculpture hasnt got much shape, I should say. — Я бы сказал, что эта скульптура какая-то бесформенная.
I want to get a brooch in the shape of a horseshoe. — Я хочу купить/хочу в подарок брошь в форме подковы.
Не had a ragged coat and a shapeless hat on. — На нем были драное пальто и потерявшая форму шляпа.
shapely figure — красивая фигура
8. The literary value of that book is not great. — Литератур­ная ценность этой книги невелика.
I dont believe you realize the value of his advice. — Думаю, ты не осознаешь всю ценность его советов.
In some years his pictures will be of great value. — Через несколько лет его картины будут стоить очень дорого.
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This book will be of no value in your studies. — Эта книга не даст вам ничего полезного для ваших исследований/занятий.
I greatly value his friendship. — Я высоко ценю его дружбу.
We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work. — Мм все понимаем, насколько важен отдых после года тяжелого труда.
I greatly appreciate your kindness. — Я очень ценю вашу доброту.
Не valued the house for me at 800 pounds. — Я попросил его определить, сколько стоит дом, и он оценил его в 800 фун тов.
Its a valuable picture. — Это ценная картина. Ex. X, р. 243
1. The English Channel in its narrowest part (the Strait(s of Dover) is only 32 km wide. 2. The Highlands of Scotland is noted for its wild and desolate beauty. 3. The rivers of Great Britain are of no great value as waterways, some of them are joined by means of canals. 4. The relief of Great Britain varies to a remarkable degree. 5. They took advantage of their stay in; London to brush up their English. 6. The chief grain crops are oats and barley. 7. Rivers in England are seldom frozen. Harbours are ice-free. 8. Next to coal and iron, stone and slate are the most valuable minerals in England. 9. The rich soil of south-east England is well cultivated. 10. The Welsh Mountains are very rocky and difficult toclimb. 11. The seas surrounding the Britis" Isles are very shallow, usually less than 300 feet deep. 12. Britains complex geology is one of the main reasons for i rich variety of scenery. 13. In winter eastern Britain faces the colder continent whereas western Britain faces the comparatively warm Atlantic. 14. In most areas the farmer ploughs only the valley lands and the plains where soils are deeper and richer.; 15. There are various types of wild vegetation, including th natural flora of woods, fens and marshes. 16. The Lake Distric is famous for its scenery.
4
Ex. XI, p. 244
1. Tom Ramsay spent two happy years in (many) different capitals of Europe. 2. Blodwyn, gazing at the dark shapes of mountains before her, knew that rain would fall before night­time. 3. The semi circular windows were on the level of the floor.
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4. He was roaming about/walking the streets with two pence in his pocket and nowhere to go for the night. 5. It was the string of pearls Miss Robinson was wearing and it was estimated at/was worth 50 thousand pounds. 6. Larry had a wonderfully melodious voice with a singular diversity of tone. 7. The children were grateful for the mechanical toys they had never seen before. 8. His hands were long but not large for his size, shapely and at the same time strong. 9. She is twenty years older than me. iO.Unlike the others both could speak good and fluent French. 11. They have just had a terrific row. 12. I used to roam about the sweet-smelling meadows in the evening. 13. He was not interested in your views on the social and moral importance of their relationship. 14. Though she had lost the fresh bloom of early youth, there was not a line on her forehead or under her hazel eyes. 15. The climate is sufficiently diverse for both sub-tropical and sub-arctic plants to be grown in the compass of the British Isles. 16. The British farmer uses a relatively small tract of land producing all kinds of/different products. 17. Tom ran around and stopped a foot or two from the flower. 18. On account of/ Because of numerousrapids the river is not navigable. 19. Julia Pendleton liked to sit cross-legged on the couch just to show her lovely legs in silk stockings.
Ex. XII, p. 244
Just off the coast of the mainland of north-western Europe and only nineteen miles distant from it at the nearest point lies the small group of islands known as the British Isles.
The British Isles include Great Britain, Ireland and a number of small islands. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The southern two thirds of Ireland are occupied by the Irish Republic which borders (on) Northern Ireland.
Great Britain is a region of varied lowlands, rolling hills and few mountains. Although the highest peak, Ben Nevis in the Grampians in Scotland, rises to 4,400 feet, such heights seldom occur. The Pennine Range in northern England rises only slightly over 3,000 feet, as do the Cambrian Mountains in Wales.
In the extreme south of England are the famed chalk hills some of which form the Dover Cliffs.
The rivers of the region are short and in general flow from the central and southern lowlands into the surrounding seas. Many of them are connected with each other by canals. The coasts
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of the British Isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Norwegian, North and Irish Seas and two big channels {the English Channel and the North Channel).
Ex. XV a), p. 245
Климат Великобритании определяют теплые течения Ат­лантического океана. Зимы здесь не отличаются суровыми холодами, а лето редко бывает жарким.
Количество осадков распределено равномерно в течение года.
Небо чаще всего затянуто облаками, пасмурных дней бьг вает значительно больше, чем ясных; солнце как на поберв жье, так и во внутренних областях нередко скрыто туманом. Лондонские туманы, часто очень густые из-за примеси дыма ■ это явление называется смогом, — знамениты на весь мир, но такой славе едва ли стоит завидовать.
Ex. XVI, р. 245
1. Various people we had not expected turned up in the hall.
2. The Angara flows from Lake Baikal (and) into the Yenissey.
3. There is hardly an area in our country where crops are not cultivated/grown. 4. Its amazing/Its a wonder that there are so many fish in such a shallow lake/that such a shallow lake is a home of so many fish. 5. The eagle is a large strong bird with sharp/keen eyesight. It usually lives on cliffs or on mountain tops/on the tops of mountains. 6. The shape of this lonely cliff reminds me of an ancient tower. 7. If you had been able to keep/protect these tulips from the heat, they wouldnt have faded so quickly. 8. Mountain scenery can be found/occurs mainly in the south and east of our/ this country. 9. Many times he has seen reindeer wandering/ roaming about the tundra. 10. Children should be protected/kept from bad influence. 11. Nowadays you will hardly find any blank spaces on the map.
Ex. XVII, p. 246
a) 1. The soil varies within a few miles in many districts, producing a sharp contrast of scenery and flora. 2. The climate of Great Britain differs greatly from that of the Continent. 3. The weather changes very often in England. 4. The face of Scotland differs from that of South East England. 5. The educational system of Great Britain differs from that of the United States.
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6. Tastes differ. 7. He looked exactly as she remembered him, as young, as frank, but his expression was changed. 8. The average winter temperature varies between –3C and –7C. 9. What can have happened to change him so much? 10. That is a point on which you and she would certainly differ.
b) 1. Russia has a varied climate because of its vast territory.
2. Various branches of industry are found in Greater London.
3. This good wheat land is quite different from those being cultivated in northern regions. 4. Britain is immensely varied within a small area. 5. The insect fauna in Britain is less varied than that of Continental Europe. 6. He has been to various places of the extreme North. 7. A glance at the map is enough to see how varied the surface of England is. 8. A home in the country is very different from an apartment in the city. 9. I have come across him in recent years on various occasions. 10. The young man nsked me various kinds of questions. 11. The newspapers carried various reports of the storm. 12. What we wear nowadays is quite different from what our ancestors wore. 13. He started to teach me German. He would tell me the German for the various objects we passed, a cow, a horse, a man and so on, and then make me repeat simple German sentences. 14. Through many years of various conditions he kept thinking of his family. 15. Having tried various topics of conversation I felt exhausted.
c) 1. She told Count Borcelli that her necklace was valued at eight thousand pounds. 2. Judging by his words he appreciates your help. 3. Being asked what he thought of a possible change in the plan he said he would appreciate it. 4. But I would not like him ю think that I do not appreciate the honour that he has done me. 5< The picture is valued at a thousand dollars. 6. I suppose only a Frenchman can appreciate to the full the grace of Racine and the music of his verse. 7. Jane Austens work is to be valued primarily its satire. 8. Mr. Cook valued his secretary for her accuracy.
d) 1. She stayed alone in her room refusing to come downstairs. 2. Theirs was a lonely house isolated by the mountains. 3. He felt miserable and lonely. 4. Alone in the house wasMissSarie Villier. 5. Elliot in his well-cut dinner jacket looked elegant as he alone eould look. 6. "Do you know that meeting you for the first time is to me like a lonely traveller coming across some bright flowerlet
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in the desert!" said Sir Francis. 7. He was alone when I was ushered in. 8. Frau Becker seemed to look for opportunities of being alone with Larry. 9. The British farmhouse is often sonv distance from a public road. The life there is hard and lonely. 10. Young Jolyon alone among the Forsytes was ignorant of Bosinneys nickname.
Ex. XVIII, p. 247
1. The better the soil is cultivated, the bigger the crop is 2. A vast plain stretches from the Urals/the Ural Mountain Range: to the river Yenissei. 3. The Volga-Don Canal is one of our mai waterways, it is navigable all along. 4. In Vladivostok there is splendid harbour and many Russian and foreign steamers cas anchor in it. 5. The Strait of Dover separates Britain from th continent/the mainland and the North Channel separate Scotland from Ireland. 6. This crop is valuable as fodder. 7. Yo have hardly happened/chanced to enjoy more picturesqu scenery. 8. Most of the ploughland in this area is under wheat 9. Just a mile from the shore we could see distinct/clear outlines shapes of ships riding at anchor in the harbour. 10. Thecoastlin of the Caspian Sea is comparatively/relatively regular in outlin (relatively even), only near the mouth of the Volga the coast i deeply indented and there are a lot of small islands and creeks.
Ex. VI, p. 256
1. When we went camping, we put up our tents on th boundary of the lake. 2. The border/frontier incident wa reported by the newspapers in detail. 3. A border dispute is quarrel about where a border is or ought to be. 4. The rive formed a boundary between these rural districts. 5. The half ruined tower used to be a frontier fortress. 6. The region alon the boundary between England and Scotland is called th Border. 7. A hedge is a fence or a row of bushes or low trees which are planted to form a boundary round a garden or field. 8. Great Britains borders, northern, eastern and southern are formed by seas and oceans.
Ex. VIII, p. 256
1. The western half of our country consists mainly/mostly primarily of low plains, while/whereas the greater part of the eastern half of Russia is covered with mountain chains. 2. I
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Siberia the biggest rivers are the Ob, the Yenissei and the Lena. They flow north through a vast area parallel to one another. 3. The climate contrasts are quite striking in Russia. You can find the northerners braving the frosts that reach 70 degrees below zero Centigrade and at one and the same time the southerners basking in the sun on southern seashores lined with green palms. 4. The Leningrad region lies to the north-west of Moscow. 5. Asouthemer/ aneasterneris a person who lives in thesouth/east and anortherner/ westerner is one who lives in the north/west. 6. Devon and Cornwall are situated on the south-western peninsula of England.
Ex. IX, p. 257
There is no other country in the world whose nature is more varied than that of Russia. The western half of the country consists mainly of low plains. The country is divided into two parts by the Ural mountains. The greater part of the eastern half is covered with vast plateaus and mountain chains. Here, on the Kamchatka Peninsula the biggest active volcanoes of the Old World are located.
In the south the plains of the western half of the country are bounded by huge mountain ranges. Here are the countrys highest peaks.
Many of the rivers of Russia are among the worlds greatest. The most important rivers of the western plain are the Volga, the Western Dvina, the Don and the Northern Dvina.
In the Far East the Amur flows into the Pacific.
In lakes, too, our country is extremely rich. Among them are the worlds greatest lake, the Caspian Sea, and the deepest — Lake Baikal.
Ex. XI, p. 257
Our motherland is immense. Its by far the largest and richest country both in Asia and Europe. Its frontier line is the longest in the world.
Natural conditions in Russia vary greatly. If you cross Russia, from the extreme North to the South, you will get a good idea of the climate contrasts, to say nothing of the difference in scenery and vegetation, characteristic of various geographical zones. Siberia is unlike the Urals, the face of Tatary differs from that of the Caucasus. One region is rich in one thing, another is rich in another.
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Perhaps no countrys geographic location has played such an important part in its history as Russias. Half Europe and half Asia, its history has revolved round/around/about this basic fact.
Ex. XV c), p. 259
The British Character
The national character dies hard wherever you go. And to no; other nation does that apply to a greater degree/extent than to the, English whose nature seems to have a sort of patent for constancy. Its stability and permanence is their most obvious/noticeable feature. They are less liable to bow to newfangled trends and transient fashions than other nations. However, one must emphasize /However, it is noteworthy that for all its stability the English national character is made up/composed of contradictory and even paradoxical traits, some of which strike the eye/leap to the eye whereas others are hardly discernible. So any generali­zations concerning the English can be disputed.
A materialistic nation — who ever will question that? — the English have nevertheless given the world generously of mystics, poets and idealists. A nation of colonists, they display an ardent devotion to their own country and home.
Tireless seamen and explorers, they are at the same time keen on gardening. Owing to their inquisitiveness they have learnt the best of what other countries possess, but they have remained faithful to their own. While admiring French cuisine/Though they admire French cooking, the English will not imitate it at home. Law-abiding in the extreme though they are, they adore reading about crimes and violence. An epitome of conformity/ The picture of conformism, they are at the same time out-and-out/inveterate individualists and there are plenty of eccentrics among them.
To all these paradoxes one should probably add another: paradoxical as it is/for all its paradoxically the English character is seldom enigmatic or unpredictable.
* * *
I am not claiming/pretending that the English have never changed. Changes take place all the time./There are always changes. But these differences, so noticeable outwardly/on the outside, do not penetrate deep and reach to the roots. For better or for worse, the primordial features of the English nature still
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remain a sort of common denominator and exert a deep influence on the national character and general Uf estyle.