Яков Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс

A.: Yes, that's a good idea. Now the first thing I said was this: How do you think we ought to

start? I wonder if the listeners can hear the tune? How do you think we ought to start?

В.: You see, listeners, that sentence starts on a fairly high note and it continues on that same

note until it reaches the word 'ought'. Just listen.

How — How do you think we — How do you think we ought to start? Like that, you see.

The word 'ought’ is said on a slightly lower note, and the sentence continues on that lower note until

it gets to the very last syllable.

A.: 'How do you think we ought to start?' 'How do you think we ought to start?'

В.: Again, you see, the word 'start' is on a slightly lower note and not only that, it falls as you

say it: 'start — start'.

A.: Yes, it does. It falls right down to the bottom of my voice, listen: 'How do you think we

ought to start? How do you think we ought to start?'

В.: So the sentence is really in three parts, corresponding to the number of stressed syllables:

'how' followed by four weak syllables; then 'ought' followed by one weak syllable, and lastly 'start',

followed by nothing at all.

A: How do you think we — ought to — start?

В.: We can make a good rule out of that. In sentences like this, the first stressed syllable and

any weak, or unstressed syllables following it, are said on a fairly high note; the second stressed

syllable, and any more weak syllables after that, are said on a slightly lower note, and the same with

the third, and the fourth, and so on, until you come to the last stressed syllable of all, which not only

begins on a lower note than the previous one, but also falls right down until it can scarcely be heard

at all. Well, now we must go back to the beginning, and see if our rule works for some of our other

sentences.

(From "A Course of English Intonation by J. D. O'Connor)

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

THE INDICATIVE MOOD

REVISION EXERCISES ON TENSE AND VOICE

(To Units One—Three)

1. a) Comment at» the use of the Present Indefinite and the Present

Continuous:

i. I'm glad to know that you are coming to England this summer. 2. Your teeth are chattering.

What's the matter with you? 3.1 am always telling Jerry that his uncle means more to him than his

parents. 4. Anne is working hard for her exams now, she couldn't take them in spring. 5. Hotels on

the south coast are expensive. 6. Do you hear anything? — Yes, I hear music. 7. We may visit you

and stay with you next year if it is convenient to you then. 8.1 believe he'll be much stronger after he

spends his holidays in the mountains.

b) Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous instead of the

infinitives in brackets:

1.What you (to think) of this drawing? — I (to think) it (to be) excellent. 2. A holiday camp

usually (to have) its own swimming-pool and tennis courts. 3. She (to play) at the concert tonight. 4.

You (to like) to spend your holidays with hundreds of other people? 5. What you (to listen) to? — It

(to seem) to me I (to hear) a strange noise outside. 6. You (to read) anything in English now? — Yes,

I (to read) a play by Oscar Wilde. 7. I'll join them in their trip with pleasure if they (to invite) me. 8.1

(not to see) what you (to drive) at. 9, You (to enjoy) the trip? 10, Can I see Doctor Trench? — I'm

sorry you can't; he (to have) his breakfast li. I (not to like) the girl; she continually (to bother) me

with silly questions. 12. Please wait till he (to finish). 13. Nell (to have) a rest in the south, too, I (to

guess). — Yes, you (to guess) right. 14. You often (to get) letters from her? — Not so very often.

2. Translate the sentences into English, using I hear and I am told where

possible:

Notes:

1. In spoken English I hearis often used instead of I have heard.

Examples:

I hearyou wanted to see me.

He is going to write a new play, I hear.

I hear you have been asking for me?

2. I am toldand I was toldboth correspond to the Russian «мне сказали», I am told is used

with reference to the present.

Example: I am toldshe is seriously ill. (= I hear she is seriously ill.)

1. Я слышал, он пишет новую книгу. 2. Мне сказали, что он занимается переводами с

немецкого. 3. Я слышала, что он поправляется. 4. Я слышала, вы собираетесь нас покинуть. 5.

Я слышал, что они вернулись из Англии.'6. Мне сказали, что вы сделали вчера интересный

доклад. 7. Он уже уехал в Петербург, я слышала. 8. Я слышала, что он хорошо поет. 9. Я

слышу, он поет в соседней комнате. 10. Нам сказали, что они приезжают послезавтра. 11. Я

слышала, вы получили письмо от своего друга Марио. 12. Джейн прекрасно проводит время

на побережье, я слышала.

3. a) Comment on the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous:

1. I'm sorry I can't accept your invitation; we have already made our plans for the holiday. 2.

Hello, Anne. Haven't seen you since the end of the term. 3.1 think there is something in the stories

that have been going around. 4. You haven't yet said a word about your holiday, Mike. — I've been

waiting for my chance to put a word in.

b) Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of, the

infinitives in brackets:

1. "How long you (to be) here?" she demanded angrily. 2. This pair of shoes is just what I (to

look for) to match my new frock. 3.1 want you to remember that I never (to ask) you for anything

before. 4. What's that noise? — Mary (to break) a tea-cup. 5.1 (to think) about it the last three days,

it's such a bother to me. So it really is a relief to talk it over with you. 6. Listen to me, all of you! I

(to come) with the most tremendous news. 7.1 see you (not to do) much. What you (to do} all the

morning? 8. It's hard to believe that it (to be) only two years and a half since I met him. 9. We (not to

see) Edward for a long time. He (to change) very much? — No, he is just the same. 10. Of course,

we trust her. After all, Margaret and I (to know) Lucy all our lives. 11.1 (not to wear) this dress for

two years. 12. My watch (to go) for three days and it (not to stop) yet 13. Jack (to go) to Bulgaria for

a holiday, I hear. I myself never (to be) there.

c) Translate these sentences into Russian:

1. I've been wanting a word with you, Lewis. 2. She hasn't bought any new clothes since the

beginning of the year. 3. He has written me only once since he went away; I've sent him four letters.

4. I'm going to suggest something to you. I've been talking it over with your mother. 5. Beryl has

been telling me the most amazing things. Surely, she must be exaggerating. 6. I've asked him to

lunch on Sunday. 7. That's what I've been trying to remember since I met him. 8. "It can't be true. It's

a dream I've been having," she thought. 9. You know, I've missed you very much these last few

weeks. 10. I'm afraid I don't understand you, Gerald. I haven't changed my mind. Have you changed

yours?

4. Use the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in

brackets:

N o t e : Remember that the Present Perfect is always associated with the present, and

the Past Indefinite refers the action to some past moment.

1. It is half past eight and you (not to do) your morning exercises yet. 2.1 (to get up) with a

headache today and (to decide) to walk to my office instead of taking a bus. Now I am feeling much

better. 3. You (to meet) any interesting people at the holiday camp? 4. She (not to have) a holiday for

two years. 5. You (to enjoy) Mary's singing? 6. Where you (to buy) these lovely gloves? 7. Where

she (to go)? Maybe she is in the lab? — No, I just (to be) there. It's locked. 8. Why you (to shut)

your book? Please open it again on page ten. 9.1 am sorry. What you (to say), Mr. Hartley? 10. His

face seems familiar to me. When and where I (to see) him? 11.1 hear you just (to get) married. When

the ceremony (to take place)? 12. Old George (not to be) here for years! 13. You (to read) "The Man

of Property"? — I (to begin) the book last week and just (to finish) it. 14. A few months ago they (to

pull) down some old houses in our street and (to begin) to build a new block of flats. 15. Do you

remember my name, or you (to forget) it? 16. When I (to call) on him I (to find) that he (to be) out.

17. His first question to the girl (to be): "Where you (to see) the man?" 18. What (to be) her answer

to your question? 19. Where you (to put) my umbrella? I need it. 20. He (to sit) there quietly for a

while and then (to leave) unnoticed.

5. a) Comment on the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect

and the Past Perfect Continuous:

1. He was tired — he was so very tired. It seemed to him that he had been tired for a very

long time. 2. Grant went to the drawing-room, where Alison was sitting with a book. 3. She listened,

but could not follow what was being said. 4. When it was time to go I asked if I could see the rooms

I had lived in for five years. 5. Nobody knew he was going to London on Sunday. 6. All the stories in

this book were written before the first World War.

b) Use the required past tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. It (to be) the poorest room Hilary ever (to see). 2. No sooner she (to arrive) at the station

than a fast London train (to come in). 3. It (to be decided) to say nothing to Sidney until the answer

(to be received). 4. Arthur (to go) up to his room. Nothing in it (to be changed) since his arrest. 5. No

wonder he (to be) very tired. He (to work) too hard for the last three months, 6. I (to tremble) tike a

leaf. 7. Mr. Dennant, accustomed to laugh at other people, (to suspect) that he (to be laughed) at. 8.

She (to say) it in a voice he never (to hear) before. 9.1 (to look) into the kitchen. Mary-Ann (to put)

the supper on a tray to take it into the dining-room. 10.1 (to be) fifteen and just (to come) back from

school for the summer holiday. 11. It (to rain) heavily since the morning and she (not to allow) the

children to go out. 12. Soon I (to get) a letter from her to the effect that she (to return) from the

South of France; she (to want) me to meet her. 13. Trafalgar Square (to be laid) about a hundred

years ago. 14.1 (to finish) my work for the day and (to rest) quietly in my arm-chair, flunking of the

days that (to go) by. 15. George, who (to laugh) loudly, suddenly (to break off). 16. When Bambys