Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

Fennell, Crisis pp. 45–51.

Fennell, Crisis 17–19; Martin, Medieval Russia pp. 66–70, 81–88, 101–103, 106–107, 121–122, 126, 128.

Lazarev, Russian Icon pp. 47–48, 53–56, 67; Valentin L. Ianin, 'Medieval Russia,' in Persie, Cambridge History of Russia I pp. 188–210; Riasanovsky & Steinberg, History of Russia pp. 75–76; Martin, Medieval Russia p. 126.

Mitchell & Forbes, Chronicle of Novgorod, p. 25; Martin, Medieval Russia pp. 114–115.

Paul Bushkovitch, 'Urban Ideology in Medieval Novgorod: An Iconographic Approach,' Cahiers du monde russe et sovietique 16 (1975) pp. 19–26.

Martin, Medieval Russia p. 123.

Christian, History of Russia I p. 364.

«Застой». — Прим. пер .

Riasanovsky, History of Russia 1993 ed.) p. 42.

Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 297; II p. 71.

Barthold, Histoire des turcs pp. 88–91; Golden, Nomads and their Neighbours; Golden, Turkic Peoples.

Robert L. Wolff, 'The Second Bulgarian Empire: Its Origins and History to 1204,' Speculum 24 (1949) pp. 167–206; Paul Stephenson, Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204 (Cambridge 2000); Spinei, Romanians.

Monumenta Germaniae Historiae, Scriptores 21 (1869) p. 216; A. Bruce Boswell, 'The Kipchak Turks,' Slavonic Review 6 (1928) pp. 68–85.

Vasary, Cumans and Tatars pp. 4–7, 13–56; Christian, History of Russia I p. 361; Pelliot & Hambis, Campagnes pp. 43–114.

Chaliand, Nomadic Empires p. 52.

Christian, History of Russia I p. 358.

Vernadsky, Source Book for Russian History I p. 31.

Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck p. 70.

Peter B. Golden, 'The Qipchaqs of Medieval Russia,' in Seaman & Marks, Rulers from the Steppe pp. 186–204 (at pp. 197–198).

For a good summary of the Polovtsian raids and the countercampaigns see Vernadsky, Kievan Russia pp. 86–90, 222–225, 235–238.

For the complex politics of Chernigov and Igor's role see Dimnik, Dynasty of Chernigov pp. 108–240.

Nabokov, Song of Igor's Campaign 11. 93–112.

Nabokov, Song of Igor's Campaign 11. 153–171.

These events are described in a number of sources: Mitchell & Forbes, Chronicle of Novgorod p. 32; Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Russian Primary Chronicle; S. A. Zenkovsky, Medieval Russian Epics pp. 137–138; 'The Lay of Igor's Campaign,' in Fennell & Obolensky, A Historical Russian Reader pp. 63–72; Martin, Medieval Russia p. 131.

Nabokov, Song 11. 733–834.

Halperin, Russia and the Golden Horde p. 15.

T. S. Noonan, 'Rus, Pechenegs and Polovtsy: Economic Interactions along the Steppe Frontier in the Pre-Mongol Era,' Russian History 19 (1992) pp. 301–327.

Также Мстислав Удатный. — Прим. пер .

Mitchell & Forbes, Chronicle of Novgorod p. 65.

Mitchell & Forbes, Chronicle of Novgorod p. 64. For more on Russian ignorance of the Mongols see Grekov & Iakoubovski, Horde d'Or pp. 54, 1901–91; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 296; Bezzola, Mongolen in abendlandischer Sicht p. 41.

J. Fennell, 'The Tatar Invasion of 1223,' Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte 27 (1980) pp. 18–31. Fennell, like many other writers, places the Battle of Kalka in the year 1222, which the best scholarship has now established as the true date. If the battle of Kalka was indeed fought in 1223, there is an entire twelve-month black hole to be accounted for, as our detailed narrative has made clear.

Fennell, Crisis p. 65.

Grekov & Iakoubovski, Horde d'Or p. 193.

Fennell, Crisis p. 66.

Chambers, Devil's Horsemen pp. 17–30.

Также Ганибек. — Прим. пер .

Gabriel, Subotai p. 99. Vernadsky (Kievan Russia p. 237) says that Mtsislav the Bold 'succeeded in defeating a detachment of Mongol troops' but does not mention that they had been left behind as a suicide squad (suggestio falsi!).

Munro, Rise of the Russian Empire p. 81.

For the entire Kalka campaign the best guide is Nicolle, Kalka.

Так у автора. Согласно российской историографии, дата битвы — 31 мая 1223 года. — Прим. пер .

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 132.

Mitchell & Forbes, Chronicle of Novgorod pp. 65–66; Fennell, Crisis p. 91.

Gabriel, Subotai p. 100.

Nicolle, Kalka p. 74; Martin, Medieval Russia p. 132.

Это имя дает автор. Также Плоскыня. — Прим. пер .

Grekov & Iakoubovski, Horde d'Or p. 194; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 297.

Nicolle, Kalka pp. 76–82.

Nicolle, Kalka pp. 75.

IAA III p. 224.

Nicolle, Kalka p. 74.

Jackson, Mongols and the West p. 49.

Все летописные цитаты даны по тексту: «Повесть о битве на Калке, и о князьях русских, и о семидесяти богатырях». Тверская летопись. Сборник. М., 1990. Библиотека «Халкидон». Halkidon2006.Orthodoxy.ru. — Прим. пер .

Mitchell & Forbes, Chronicle of Novgorod p. 66; Zenkovsky, Medieval Russian Epics p. 195.

For a good summary of the campaign and its consequence see Grousset, L'empire mongol pp. 517–520.

For a description of the lands the Mongols traversed on the way to Samara see Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 131; Haxthausen, Russian Empire II pp. 70, 223; Clarke, Travels p. 47.

I. Zimonyi, 'The First Mongol Raid against the Volga Bulgars,' in Jarring & Rosen, Altaic Papers pp. 197–204 (at pp. 197–199); A. M. Khalikov, Mongols, Tatars p. 24 (I am grateful to Dr Malcolm Chapman for translations of the relevant sections of this source.).

The correct version (in my view) is in d'Ohsson, Histoire, I p. 346 and Grousset, Empire of the Steppes p. 247. Ibn al-Athir implies that the Mongol defeat at Samara Bend was serious (1AA III p. 224) and is backed by Jackson, Mongols and the West p. 39. For other views see Barthold, Four Studies I p. 41 and de Hartog, Mongol Yoke p. 25. Chambers, Devil's Horseman p. 31 is adamant that the story of a serious Mongol reverse is lying Bulgar propaganda.

Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd ed.) VIII pp. 895–898.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 19.

JR II pp. 1102–1103; Chambers, Devil's Horsemen p. 31; Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 19–20; Hartog, Genghis p. 123. For a judicious analysis of Jebe see Rachewiltz, Commentary pp. 533–538.

Liddell Hart, Great Captains Unveiled.

George Lane, 'The Mongols in Iran,' in Daryaee, Iranian History pp. 243–70 (at p. 248); d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 323.

IAA III p. 215.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 95–96.

Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 2 pp. 510–512.

Devin DeWeese, 'Stuck in the Throat of Chingiz Khan: Envisioning Mongol Conquest in some Sufi Accounts of the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries,' in Pfeiffer & Quinn, Post-Mongol Central Asia pp. 23–60 (at pp. 32–33, 52).

Devin DeWeese, 'Stuck in the Throat of Chingiz Khan: Envisioning Mongol Conquest in some Sufi Accounts of the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries,' in Pfeiffer & Quinn, Post-Mongol Central Asia pp. 46–49.

Hamid Algar, 'Some Observations on religion in Safavid Persia,' Iranian Studies 7 (1974) pp. 287–293; Devin DeWeese, 'The Eclipse of the Kubraviyah in Central Asia,' Iranian Studies 21 (1988) pp. 45–83; Lawson, Reason and Inspiration p. 303.

DeWeese, 'Stuck in the Throat,' loc. cit. pp. 42–43, 46–47.

Kohn, Daoism; Silvers, Taoist Manual.

Vincent Goosaert, 'Quanzhen,' in Pregadio, Encyclopedia of Taoism II pp. 814–820; Komjathy, Cultivating Perfection.

Вторыми автор приводит вторые китайские имена (даосские имена соответственно — Ма Данъян, Тань Чанчжэнь, Лю Чаншэн, Цю Чан Чунь. — Прим. пер .

Даосские имена соответственно — Хао Гуаннин, Ван Юйян, Сунь Циннцзин. — Прим. пер .

Despaux & Kohn, Women in Daoism pp. 142–148.

Eskildsen, Early Quanzhen Taoist Masters pp. 10. 12, 18.

For a full suvey of Chang Chun's career see Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 208–223.

Tao, Jurchen pp. 106–107.

For these arguments see Komjathy, Cultivating Perfection.

There is a huge literature on alchemy and Quanzhen. Representative titles include Pregadio, Awakening to Reality; Pregadio, Chinese Alchemy; Mu, Neidan.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 143.

Arthur Waley, Travels of an Alchemist pp. 44–45.

Edouard Chavannes, 'Inscriptions et pieces de chancellerie chinoises de l'epoque mongole,' T'oungPao 9 (1908) pp. 297–428 (atp. 399). Another version can be found in Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I pp. 37–39.