Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

JB I p. 137; Barthold, Turkestan p. 454.

Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan p. 134.

JR II pp. 1045–1047, 1081–1084; JB I p. 139.

Rockhill, Rubruck pp. 187–188; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 289; Krause, Cingis Han p. 39; Chunchiang Yen, 'The Chiiehtuana as Word, Art Motif and Legend,' Journal of the American Oriental Society 89 (1969) pp. 578–599 (at pp. 589–591).

JR II p. 1073; JB I pp. 135–138.

JR II p. 1072.

Eisma, Chinggis Khan p. 102.

JB I p. 135; JR II рр. 1007, 1043, 1057, 1073, 1126; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 282.

JR II p. 1047; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 293; d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 317; Vladimirtsov, Genghis p. 106; Yate, Khurasan.

Browne, Literary History of Persia II pp. 427–431; Grousset, Empire p. 243.

JR II p. 1048; cf also Dumper & Stanley, Cities of the Middle East p. 169 — quoting the fourteenth-century historian Saif bin Muhammad bin Yaqub Saifi.

JR II p. 1050.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 315; Barthold, Turkestan p. 449.

JB I p. 131; JR II pp. 1023–1026.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 312–313.

JR II p. 1050.

Le Strange, Eastern Caliphate pp. 408–409; d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 314. A meticulous account of the siege of Herat is in Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches II pp. 278–290.

JR II pp. 1051–1055.

JR II p. 1055.

JR II pp. 1062–1066.

JR II pp. 1066–1070.

J. T. Wylie, 'The First Mongol Conquest of Tibet Reinterpreted,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 37 (1977) pp. 103–133 (at pp. 104–107).

Chase, Firearms p. 58; Adie & Habib, History of Civilizations v p. 58.

Kim Stubbs, 'Facing the Wrath of Genghis Khan,' Military History (May 2006) pp. 30–37.

Jurgen Paul, 'L'invasion mongole comme revelateur de la societe irannienne,' in Aigle, L'lran pp. 37–53 (esp. p. 41).

As is argued in Nesawi [Nasawi], Djelal ed-Din Mankobirti, passim.

For these qualities of the Mongol horse see Bayarsaikhan, Mongol Horse.

Lamb, Genghis, p. 45.

Thackston, Habibu's-siyar I p. 118.

Kolbas, Mongols in Iran pp. 76–77; Boyle, Cambridge History of Iran v p. 308–311.

IAA III p. 214; RT II p. 259; С. E. Bosworth, 'Zanran,' in Encyclopedia of Islam (2 nded.) XI p. 447.

Buell, Dictionary p. 235.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 325.

IAA III p. 214.

Altunian, Mongolen und ihre Eroberungen p. 21.

For exhaustive detail see Constant, L'Azerbaidjan.

Morgan, Mongols p. 142.

P. Halfter, 'Die militarischen Triumphe der Georgier und ein wenig beachtetes Erdbeben an der Grenze Armenisch-Kilikiens (c. Ende August 1213),' Le Museon 122 (2009) pp. 423–427.

Strabo 11.13.5; it.14.5; Ptolemy 5.12; Pliny the Elder 6.39.

IAA III p. 215; RT II p. 259; E. Schutz, 'Tatarenstiirme in Gebirgsgelande,' Central Asiatic Journal 17 (1973) pp. 253–273 (at p. 256).

Pierre-Vincent Claverie, 'L'apparition des Mongols sur la scene politique occidentale, 1220–1223,' Le Moyen Age 105 (1999) pp. 601–613 (at pp. 608–609); M.-F. Brosset, Histoire de la Georgie I pp. 440, 442, 459.

IAA III pp. 216–217.

Эрбиль находится в Ираке. — Прим. пер .

IAA III p. 217; Tyerman, God's War. pp. 641–649.

Peters, Christian Society pp. 90–91, 123–124.

IAA III pp. 218–219.

IAA III p. 219.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 332–333.

IAA III p. 220.

ibid.; d'Ohsson I рр. 333–334.

Altunian, Die Mongolen p. 21; Schutz, 'Tatarenstiirme,' loc. cit. p. 258.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 334–336.

Utik, then a province of Armenia, is today in Azerbaijan. (Mark Chakin, Armenia p. 181).

Bedrosian, Kirakos Gandzakets'i pp. 234–235.

IAA III p. 221.

Bedrosian, Kirakos pp. 201–203. For other accounts of the Mongols in Armenia see Bedrosian, 'Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods,' in Hovannisian, Armenian People I pp. 241–291 (esp. p. 256); Thomson, Rewriting Caucasian History; Dashdondog, Mongols and Armenians p. 43; Herrin & Saint-Guillain, Identities and Allegiances.

This is the modern Shamkir, now in Azerbaijan, scene of a Georgian victory over the Azerbaijanis in 1195 (Allen, Georgian People p. 104).

IAA III pp. 221–222.

Gabriel, Subotai p. 93.

RT II p. 259; IAA III p. 221; Schutz, 'Tatarenstiirme,' loc. cit. p. 257; Suny, Making of the Georgian Nation pp. 39–44; Rayfield, Edge of Empires.

Rodenberg, Epistolae I pp. 178–179.

Дословно: «Для поощрения других». Ирония передает смысл: «В назидание другим» ( фр .).

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 335; RT II p. 260; IAA III p. 222. For the Caucasus see de Waal, Caucasus; Coene, Caucasus.

I. Nasidze et al, 'Genetic Evidence Concerning the Origin of the South and North Ossetians,' Annals of Human Genetics (2004) pp. 588–589. For the Alans see Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck op. cit. pp. 102–103, 259; Dawson, Mongol Mission, p. 41. They had been converted to Greek Orthodox Christianity in the tenth century (Jean Dauvillier, 'Byzantins d'Asie centrale et d'Extreme-Orient au moyen age, 'Revue des Etudes Byzantines 11 (1953) pp. 73–80).

For the Circassians see Spencer, Western Caucasus p. 6; cf also Bell, Journal; Jaimoukha, Circassians.

Pelliot, 'A propos des Comans,' Journal Asiatique 11 (1920) pp. 133–150 (esp. p. 149); A. Bruce Boswell, 'The Kipchak Turks,' Slavonic Review 6 (1928) pp. 68–85; Vernadsky, Kievan Russia pp. 86–90, 222–225, 235–238.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 337.

RT II p. 260; IAA III p. 222.

Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I pp. 295–298.

Wallace, Rise of Russia p. 38.

Судак (также Сурож, Сугдея). — Прим. пер .

Marie Nystazopoulou-Pelekidis, 'Venise et la Mer Noire du Xie au XVe siecle,' in A. Pertusi, ed., Venezia I pp. 541–582; Phillips, Medieval Expansion pp. 96–114; Lane, Venice.

L. Petachi, 'Les marchands italiens dans l'empire mongol,' Journal Asiatique 250 (1962) pp. 549–574; Crowdy, Enemy Within p. 49; Bratianu, Commerce genois. The Mongols always favoured the Venetians and protected their merchants on the Silk Road (Peter Jackson, Delhi Sultanate pp. 252–253).

Светлейшая. Торжественное название Венецианской республики с конца VII века до 1797 года. — Прим. пер.

Ciociltan, Black Sea Trade, esp. pp. 141–157. See also the extensive work by Nicola di Cosmo, 'Mongols and Merchants on the Black Sea Frontier in the 13th and 14th Centuries: Convergences and Conflicts,' in Amitai & Biran, Mongols, Turks pp. 391–424; di Cosmo, 'Black Sea Empire and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica,' Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53 (2010) pp. 83–108.

Эти слова принадлежат арабскому историку Джувейни, оценивающему результаты монгольского нашествия на Туркестан: Ата-Мелик Джувейни. Чингисхан. История завоевателя мира. М.: Магистр-Пресс, 2004. — Прим. пер .

JB I p. 107; Chambers, Devil's Horsemen p. 24.

Magocsi, Ukraine p. 76.

Pipes, Karamzin pp. 105, 110.

Так у автора. — Прим. пер .

Король Норвегии. — Прим. пер .

Volodymyr Mezentsev, 'The Territorial and Demographic Development of Medieval Kiev and Other Major Cities of Rus: A Comparative Analysis Based on Recent Archaeological Research,' The Russian Review 48 (1989) pp. 145–170.

Martin, Medieval Russia p. 61; Franklin & Shepard, Emergence of Rus pp. 2, 13, 279, 282, 287.

Martin, Medieval Russia p. 61; Franklin & Shepard, Emergence of Rus pp. 337–339. See also the articles in Perrie, Cambridge History of Russia, viz: Jonathan Shepard, 'The Origins of Rus c. 900–1015,' pp. 45–72; Simon Franklin, 'Kievan Rus, 1015–1125,' рр. 73–97; Martin Dimnick, 'The Rus Principalities, 1125–1246,' pp. 98–126.

Fennell, Crisis pp. 6–9, 12–15, 23; Pelenski, Contest for the Legacy.

Moss, History of Russia I pp. 55–59.

Thomas S. Noonan, 'Suzdalia's eastern trade in the century before the Mongol Conquest,' Cahiers du monde russe et sovietique 19 (1978) pp. 371–384; Martin, Medieval Russia pp. 70, 98–101, 112, 121; Langer, Medieval Russia pp. 245–248; Soloviev, Shift Northward.

Moss, History of Russia p. 60.

Тюремная камера в форте Уильям, где в ночь на 20 июня 1756 года задохнулись англичане, заточенные бенгальским навабом Сирадж уд-Даулом. — Прим. пер .