Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

Le Strange, Eastern Caliphate pp. 458–459; Sykes, Persia p. 64; Daniel, Iran p. 28.

Le Strange, Eastern Caliphate pp. 457–458.

Barthold, Turkestan pp. 433–434.

JR II pp. iioo-iioi; Barthold, Turkestan p. 432.

JB III pp. 399–402; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 280.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 267.

JB I pp. 123–125.

JR I p. 280.

SHO p. 250; SHR p. 191; Barthold, Turkestan pp. 433, 437.

JB I pp. 123–125.

JR II pp. 1098–1099.

JB II pp. 126–127.

IAA III pp. 227–228; d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 268–269.

Barthold, Turkestan pp. 435–437.

«На жаркое» или «в качестве основного блюда» ( фр .).

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 270.

JB I p. 96; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 131; Allsen, Mongol Imperialism p. 89.

IAA III p. 228; Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.) II pp. 41–44.

JB II pp. 402–404.

JB I pp. 174–175; Barthold, Turkestan pp. 424–426.

SHO p. 251; SHR p. 194.

SHO p. 252; SHR p. 194.

IAA III p. 225.

JB I p. 130; Bloom 8C Blair, Islamic Art and Architecture I pp. 258–259; Le Strange, Eastern Caliphate pp. 420–421.

JB I p. 131; Boyle, Cambridge History of Iran v pp. 303–421 (at p. 312); Barthold, Turkestan pp. 427–455.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 272.

J. A. Boyle, 'On the Titles given in Juvaini to certain Mongolian Princes,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 19 (1956) pp. 146–154 (at pp. 146–148); Boyle, 'Iru and Maru in the Secret History of the Mongols,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 17 (1954) рр. 403–410.

For the comparison with Bukhara see Dumper & Stanley, Cities of the Middle East pp. 95–99; cf Frye, al-Narshakhi. The entire vexed question of the size of medieval cities is discussed in Chandler, Urban Growth.

Bloom & Blair, Islamic Art and Architecture II pp. 476–479.

For Tolui on the road to Merv see JR II p. 1028. For the mausoleums of the great Iranian cities — Bukhara, Urgench, Merv and Herat — see Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations, IV part 2 pp. 516–531, 545–549.

For Tolui on the road to Merv see JR II p. 1028. For the mausoleums of the great Iranian cities — Bukhara, Urgench, Merv and Herat — see Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations, IV part 2 p. 265.

Треть или четверть дюйма, средний размер ячменного зерна. — Прим. пер .

For Tolui on the road to Merv see JR II p. 1028. For the mausoleums of the great Iranian cities — Bukhara, Urgench, Merv and Herat — see Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations, iv part 2 p. 297.

The Merv system was a classic example of what one scholar has called 'oriental despotism', known to Marxists as the 'oriental mode of production' (see Wittfogel, Oriental Despotism).

Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 2 p. 266; Williams, Merv.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 279–282.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 283–284.

JB I pp. 153–158.

IAA III pp. 226–227.

JR II pp. 1031–1033.

JB I pp. 158–162; Boyle, 'Dynastic and Political History of the U-Khans,' in Boyle, Cambridge History of Iran v pp. 303–421 (at pp. 313–314).

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 287–288.

Grousset, L'Empire pp. 240–241.

Eisma, Chinggis Khan pp. 98–99.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 275–276.

JR II p. 1033.

JB I p. 145.

There is a considerable literature on medieval Nishapur. Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 2 pp. 412–422, 440–443; Bosworth, Historic Cities pp. 421–439; Bloom & Blair, Islamic ART III pp. 59–60; Bulliet, Patricians; Wilkinson, Pottery; R. W. Bulliet, 'Medieval Nishapur: A Topographical and Demographic Reconstruction,' Studia Iranica 5 (1976) pp. 67–89; Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization ii; Kroger, Glass; C. Melville, 'Earthquakes in the History of Nishapur,' Iran 18 (1980) pp. 103–120. For the population of Nishapur see Bulliet, 'Medieval Nishapur,' loc. cit. p. 88. For Sufism see Margaret Malamud, 'Sufi Organisations and Structures of Authority in Medieval Nishapur,' International Journal of Middle East Studies 26 (1994) pp. 427–442. Naturally no attempt will be made here to refer to the many books on Omar Khayyam.

JB I pp. 169–178.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 289–291. The ballista was a magnified crossbow which propelled javelins, unlike the mangonel, which hurled stones (Oman, Art of War I pp. 137–138).

JR II p. 1035.

IAA III p. 27.

JB I pp. 169–178.

Также Харун ар-Рашид. — Прим. пер .

JB I p. 152; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I p. 281; Boyle, Successors p. 165.

JR II p. 997.

Le Strange, Eastern Caliphate pp. 407–410; Bloom & Blair, Islamic ART II pp. 146–150; Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 2 p. 272.

IAA III p. 27.

JR II p. 1036.

JR II pp. 1037–1039.

JR II pp. 1037–1039.

JB II p. 403.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 286–287.

JB II pp. 404, 460.

JR II p. 1083.

JR II p. 1083.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 273.

IAA III p. 225.

JB I pp. 132–133; Boyle, Successors p. 137.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 296.

Pelliot, Horde d'Or pp. 86–87.

JR I p. 2.89; JB I p. 405; Barthold, Turkestan p. 442.

Yule, Cathay iv pp. 209, 257; Dupuy, Harper Encyclopedia p. 366.

JR I p. 289.

JB II pp. 406–407.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 302; Barthold, Turkestan p. 441.

Barthold pp. 441–443.

JR I p. 290.

JR II p. 1003; Barthold, Turkestan p. 443.

RT II p. 256.

Eisma, Chinggis Khan p. 102.

Eisma, Chinggis Khan p. 102.

Barthold, Turkestan pp. 445–446.

JB I p. 174; II p. 411.

JR I p. 291.

IAA III p. 229.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 306.

Nesawi [Nasawi], Djelal ed-Din Mankobirti pp. 138–141.

JB II pp. 410–411. That this quote is authentic seems confirmed by the similar wording used by Rashid: 'From that father that such a son should come! In all the world no one has ever seen or heard of such a man among the renowned ancients. After saving himself on the shore from such a battle, he will perform many valiant feats' (RT II p. 256).

JR I p. 291.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 307–308.

JB II pp. 411–413; JR I р. 537.

JB II p. 391.

The story of Jalal's two-year sojourn in India is a saga in itself, though irrelevant to the history of Genghis Khan. There were frequent battles with local tribesmen, in one of which Jalal was wounded in the arm, and even an inchoate alliance with a Khokhar chieftain, whose daughter he is said to have married. Jalal tried to mould an alliance of the Khilji, Turkoman and Ghori tribes, but this foundered (predictably) on the issue of booty. Jalal spent much time with his Khokar allies in the Salt Range. He penetrated deep into Sind and tried to persuade governor Qabacha to help him, but the governor was too terrified of the Mongols. Jalal's army went on to sack a number of cities (JB II pp. 411–421; JR I pp. 294–295).

JB II pp. 415–421; Eisma, Chinggis Khan p. 103; Chandra, Delhi Sultanate p. 40.

RT II p. 257; JB I pp. 141–142; JR I pp. 534–539; Boyle, 'Iru and Maru,' loc. cit.; d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 309–310; Barthold, Turkestan p. 446.

JB i, p. 37; JR II pp. 1046, 1081. For the absurd claims by Indian nationalists see Qureshi, Administration pp. 136, 140; Ikram, Muslim Civilization pp. 44–45, 59, 63.

McLeod, History of India p. 35.

15,5–18,3 градуса по Цельсию. — Прим. пер .

32 градуса по Цельсию. — Прим. пер .

Jackson, Delhi Sultanate; Wink, Slave Kings; Mehta, Medieval India i.

Gibb, Ibn Battuta II p. 478.

Gibb, Ibn Battuta II p. 479.

J. M. Smith, 'Mongol Manpower and Persian Population,' Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 18 (1975) pp. 271–299.