Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

Martin, Rise p. 215.

Henthorne, Korea p. 6.

His relationship with the Mongols was singular. In 1217, when Muqali was elsewhere, he revolted again and fled to an island when the Mongols invaded the Liao valley and Liaodong. He then moved to the Tumen River basin to avoid both Jin and Mongols and set himself up as a petty princeling of a domain he called Dongxia. Once established, he resubmitted to the Mongols, and provided them with invaluable information about the internal affairs of Korea (Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History pp. 258–259).

RT I pp. 98–99; SHO p. 239; SHR pp. 178–179.

Hartog, Genghis p. 71.

Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers pp. 21–25.

Erdmann, Temudschin p. 328; Buell, Dictionary p. 236.

Krause, Cingis Han p. 86.

RT I p. 225.

Olbricht & Pinks, Meng-ta pei-lu p. 187.

Martin, Rise p. 189.

Martin, Rise p. 190.

Martin, Rise p. 191.

Martin, Rise p. 191.

Franke, Geschichte IV pp. 266–274.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 161–162.

Vladimirtsov, Genghis pp. 78–83.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 116–117.

Dunnell, Great State p. xxv; Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 1 pp. 191–214.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 6.

Rachewiltz, 'Muqali, Bol, Tas and An-t'ung,' loc. cit. p. 50.

Martin, Rise p. 244.

Robinson, Empire's Twilight p. 302; d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 357; Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 358.

Также Чжан-жеу в сборнике: История монголов. М.: АСТ, 2008. — Прим. пер .

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 358–359; Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 47; Lien-Sheng Yang, 'Hostages in Chinese History,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 15 (1952) pp. 507–521.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 48–49. The duel recalls that between the Prince de Conde and the Vicomte de Turenne in the seventeenth century.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 358.

Martin, Rise pp. 250–251.

RT I p. 227.

Allsen, Commodity and Exchange pp. 76–78.

Robinson, Empire's Twilight pp. 308–309.

Rachewiltz, 'Personnel and Personalities in North China in the Early Mongol Period,' Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 9 (1996) pp. 88–144 (esp. pp. 128–132).

Барщина ( фр .).

Tao-chung Yao, 'Chi'u Ch'u-chi and Chinggis Khan,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 46 (1986) pp. 201–219.

Franke & Twichett, Cambridge History p. 362; Pelliot & Hambis, Campagnes pp. 360–372.

Переворот ( фр .).

Henthorn, Korea pp. 5–6, 22; Michael C. Rogers, 'Koryo's Military Dictatorship and its relationship with Kin,' T'oung Pao 47 (1949) pp. 43–62.

Michael C. Rogers, 'Factionalism and Koryo Policy under the Northern Song,' Journal of the American Oriental Society 79 pp. 16–25.

Lee, New History pp. 343–350.

Henthorn, Korea pp. 18–22.

Robinson, Empire's Twilight pp. 7–9, 57.

Robinson, Empire's Twilight pp. 53, 265.

Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo I p. 307; Gari Ledyard, 'Yin and Yang in the China-Manchuria-Korea Triangle,' in Rossabi, China among Equals pp. 313–353; Ledyard, Early Koryo-Mongol Relations.

Henthorn, Korea pp. 27–29; Gari Ledyard, 'The Mongol Campaigns in Korea and the Dating of the Secret History of the Mongols,' Central Asiatic Journal' 9 (1964) pp. 1–22; Atwood, Encyclopedia p. 319.

Charles A. Peterson, 'Old Illusions and New Realities: Sung Foreign Policy, 1217–1234,' in Rossabi, China among Equals pp. 204–239.

Злорадства ( нем .).

Charles A. Peterson, 'Old Illusions and New Realities: Sung Foreign Policy, 1217–1234,' in Rossabi, China among Equals p. 205. For the disasters of 1206–1208 and the Sung war with the Jin see Hana, Der Stadt Тean pp. 21–65.

Needham, Science and Civilization I pp. 134–139; Gernet, Daily Life pp. 17–18; Twitchett, Printing and Publishing.

Yuan-kang Wang, 'Explaining the Tribute System: Power, Confucianism and War in Medieval East Asia," Journal of East Asian Studies 13 (2013) pp. 207–232.

Franchise Aubin, 'Li Chi'an,' in Franke, Sung Biographies II pp. 542–546.

Waley, Travels of an Alchemist p. 48; Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 359.

Martin, Rise pp. 258–259.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 363.

Krause, Cingis Han pp. 35–36.

Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 62–64.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 360–361.

Rachewiltz, 'Muqali, Bol,' loc. cit. pp. 51–52.

Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I pp. 25–34; Krause, Cingis Han p. 37.

Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 89.

Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 89–90.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 359; Martin, Rise pp. 264–265.

Pelliot, 'Notes sur le "Turkestan",' loc. cit. pp. 13–14.

Grousset, Conquerant p. 348.

Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' loc. cit. pp. 208, 210.

For Chao Fang see Franke, Geschichte iv p. 273; Franke, Sung Biographies I pp. 54–56.

Charles A. Peterson, 'First Sung Reactions to the Mongol Invasions of the North, 1211–1217,' in Haeger, Crisis and Prosperity pp. 215–252 (at pp. 247–248).

Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' loc. cit. pp. 213–214, 219–220.

Lo, Yeh Shih pp. 105–107; Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' pp. 215–217.

Herbert Franke, 'Sung Embassies: Some General Observations,' in Rossabi, China among Equals pp. 116–137 (at p. 136).

Herbert Franke, 'Sung Embassies: Some General Observations,' in Rossabi, China among Equals pp. 116–137 (at p. 136).

Rachewiltz, 'Muqali, Bol,' loc. cit. pp. 52–53.

Martin, Rise pp. 264–265.

Martin, Rise pp. 265–266.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 365.

Martin, Rise p. 267.

Martin, Rise p. 269.

RT II p. 299.

Krause, Cingis Han p. 38; d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 366.

Martin, Rise p. 270.

Martin, Rise p. 271.

Franke & Twichett, Cambridge History p. 360.

Martin, Rise p. 272.

Krause, Cingis Han p. 38.

Rachewiltz, 'Muqali, Bol,' loc. cit. p. 54; Pelliot & Hambis, Campagnes p. 371.

Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' loc. cit. p. 209.

Goodrich, Short History p. 173.

Luc Kwanten, 'The Career of Muqali: A Reassessment,' Bulletin of Sung and Yuan Studies 14 (1973) pp. 31–38. The only distant comparison — though they do not rate so highly — are the American Civil War trio of Grant, Sherman and Sheridan.

Henthorn, Korea pp. ix, 27–29, 195.

Martin, Rise p. 276.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 64.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 64.

Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 360.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 64.

Rachewiltz, In the Service p. 29.

Martin, Rise p. 277.

Martin, Rise pp. 278–279.

Martin, Rise p. 280.

Martin, Rise pp. 280–281.

Chi, Key Economic Areas pp. 106–107, 140.

Franke, Geschichte iv p. 285.

Peterson, 'Old Illusions,' loc. cit. p. 221.

Saunders, Mongol Conquests pp. 196–202.

Pletcher, History of China pp. 172–173.

Needham, Science and Civilization v part 6 p. 135. For a detailed discussion see Payne-Gallwey, Crossbow.

For the Khitan influence see P. Buell, 'Sino-Khitan Administration in Mongol Bukhara,' Journal of Asian History 13 (1979) pp. 121–151; Silverstein, Postal Systems p. 142.

Hardy's poem of course refers to the fated collision of the Titanic and the iceberg. It was the collision of Khwarezmia and Qara Khitai that introduced Fate in the shape of Genghis and, as such, can be seen to have the same kind of inevitability.

Wittfogel & Feng, Liao.

For a full account of the career of Yelu Dashi see Biran, Qara Khitai pp. 19–40.

Denis Sinor, 'The Khitans and the Kara Khitans,' in Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 1 pp. 227–242 (at p. 235).

Biran, Qara Khitai pp. 103, 107–108.