Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир
- Название:Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир
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- Год:2019
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1026
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 30–31; Martin, Rise pp. 197–198.
1027
JR II p. 958: Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches, I p. 125; Gaubil, Gentchiscan p. 37.
1028
JR II p. 958.
1029
d'Ohsson, Histoire, I p. 133.
1030
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 30–31.
1031
Martin, Rise p. 157.
1032
JR II p. 958; Martin, Rise p. 159.
1033
Martin, Rise p. 160.
1034
d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 140.
1035
Frangoise Aubin, 'The Rebirth of Chinese Rule in Times of Trouble,' in Schram, Foundations and Limitations pp. 113–146 (at p. 134).
1036
Mote, Imperial China p. 244.
1037
Martin, Rise pp. 160–161.
1038
d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 137.
1039
Martin, Rise pp. 162–163.
1040
Martin, Rise pp. 162–163.
1041
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 30–32; Boyle, Successors pp. 145–146,165.
1042
d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 140–141.
1043
Du Halde, Description iv pp. 15–16; Edmonds, Northern Frontiers pp. 115–117.
1044
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 32, 78.
1045
Часть наследственных земельных владений или денежного содержания. — Прим. ред .
1046
Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo I pp. 8–9; Boyle, Successors p. 65.
1047
Gibert, Dictionnaire historique pp. 668–669.
1048
Judges 15: 4.
1049
Gibert, Dictionnaire historique p. 481.
1050
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 32, 78.
1051
Cheng-Ching no longer exists as a city but seems to have been in the vicinity of modern Jinan — for which see Elvin & Skinner, Chinese City pp. 171–172.
1052
Также Фынь или Фыньхэ (Fen). — Прим. пер .
1053
RT I p. 219; Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo I p. 7. For more detailed studies of the campaign of the princes see ibid, I pp. 803, 842; II p. 736; Boyle, Successors pp. 145–146.
1054
Krause, Cingis Han p. 72.
1055
Martin, Rise p. 165.
1056
d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 140–141.
1057
Ramsey, Languages of China pp. 19–26; Lee, Warp and Weft pp. 39–40.
1058
Herbert Franke, 'Siege and Defense of Towns in Medieval China,' in Kiernan & Fairbank, Chinese Ways in Warfare pp. 159–195; Sen Dou Chang, 'The Morphology of Walled Capitals,' in Skinner, City in Late Imperial China pp. 75–100.
1059
Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo II pp. 802, 842.
1060
Martin, Rise p. 166.
1061
For fuller details of Genghis's great sweep see RT I pp. 218–219; Krause, Cingis Han pp. 31, 35, 71, 74, 75; Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo II p. 736; d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 141–142.
1062
Между Ляодунским и Западно-Корейским заливами Желтого моря. — Прим. авт .
1063
Также Вушань. — Прим. пер .
1064
Hildinger, Warriors of the Steppe p. 124. See also Giles, Chinese Biographical Dictionary.
1065
Janhunen, Manchuria pp. 3–8; Edmonds, Northern Frontiers of Qing China op. cit. pp. 138–140.
1066
Lattimore, Mongols of Manchuria pp. 44–46.
1067
d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 159.
1068
Gibert, Dictionnaire historique p. 481; Lattimore, Mongols of Manchuria p. 193.
1069
Abel-Remusat, Nouveaux melanges II p. 64.
1070
d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 142.
1071
Martin, Rise p. 169.
1072
Martin, Rise p. 170.
1073
Franke, Geschichte iv p. 272; Franke Twitchett, Cambridge History pp. 250–267.
1074
SHO p. 236; SHR pp. 176–177; Krause, Cingis Han pp. 32–33.
1075
Elisabetta Chiodo, 'Praising Cinggis Qayan and His Campaigns,' Ural-Altaische Jahrbiicher 17 (2002) pp. 189–233.
1076
Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo II p. 789.
1077
RT II p. 222.
1078
d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 143–144.
1079
Needham, Science and Civilization op. cit. I p. 68.
1080
Krause, Cingis Han p. 33.
1081
Rachewiltz, 'Muqali, Bol, Tas and An-t'ung,' Papers in Far Eastern History 15 (1977) pp. 45–62 (at p. 49).
1082
Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 258.
1083
Martin, Rise p. 169.
1084
Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan pp. 113–115; Susan Naquin, Peking.
1085
Li, Dray-Novey & Kong, Beijing p. 13; Phillips, Mongols p. 56. Han, Population and Geography of Beijing scales these figures down considerably.
1086
Gabriel, Great Armies p. 38; McGraw, Encyclopedia pp. 103–104.
1087
Bethan V. Purse et al, 'Climate Change and the Recent Emergence of Bluetongue in Europe,' Nature Reviews Microbiology 3 (2005) рр. 171–181; Mellor et al, Bluetongue; Robertson, Handbook of Animal Diseases.
1088
Anastasius van den Wyngaert, 'Itinera et Relationes Fratrum Minorum saeculi XIII et XIV' Sinica Franciscana 1 (192.9) pp. 47–48, 56; Rockhill, William of Rubruck p. 64; Matthew Paris, Chroniea Majora iv p. 386; Robert des Rotours, 'Quelques notes sur l'anthropophagie en Chine,' T'oung Pao 1963 pp. 386–427; Risch, Geschichte der Mongolen; Wittfogel & Feng, Liao p. 425.
1089
RT I p. 223.
1090
Krause, Cingis Han p. 33.
1091
d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 146–147.
1092
Martin, Rise p. 177.
1093
Krause, Cingis Han p. 34; Hambis, Genghis p. 103.
1094
Chase, Firearms p. 58; Jaques, Battles and Sieges I p. 123; Walter J. Fabrychy & Paul E. Jorgesen, Operations Economy p. 254; Lissner, Living Past p. 193.
1095
Martin, Rise p. 178.
1096
JR II p. 965.
1097
Barthold, Turkestan pp. 393–394. See also Boyle, Cambridge History of Iran v pp. 303–304.
1098
Ping-ti Ho, 'An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China,' Etudes Song 1 (1970) pp. 32–53; Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History p. 622; Koln, Dictionary of Wars p. 206.
1099
Needham, Science and Civilization I p. 139.
1100
ibid, iv part 3 pp. 269–272, 307–309, 313, 350–352.
1101
Gernet, Daily Life p. 15; Abu-Lughod, Before European Hegemony p. 337.
1102
Temple, Genius of China pp. 218–219.
1103
Brook, Confasions of Pleasure pp. 46–49.
1104
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 34–35.
1105
Waley, Travels of an Alchemist pp. 33–34.
1106
JR II p. 954.
1107
Abel-Remusat, Nouveaux melanges II p. 64.
1108
В русском тексте «Сказания» этот эпизод излагается иначе (§ 252). — Прим. пер .
1109
RT I p. 224; SHO pp. 239–240; SHR pp. 179–180; d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 148; Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 80–82; Ratchnevsky, 'Sigi Qutuqu, ein mongolischer Gefolgsmann im 12–13 Jahrhundert,' Central Asiatic Journal 10 (1965) pp. 87–120 (at pp. 98–103); Buell, Dictionary pp. 243–244.
1110
Lee, Economic History pp. 325–326.
1111
This became the jacquerie of the Red Coats or Red Jackets, sometimes hailed as primitive rebels or the first of the peasant revolutionaries — though most sober historians think this anachronistic and assert that the Red Coats were simply bands of condottieri. Frangoise Aubin, 'The Rebirth of Chinese Rule in Times of Trouble: China in the Early Thirteenth Century,' in Schram, Foundations and Limits pp. 113–146.
1112
Martin, Rise p. 181. The Secret History becomes very confused at this point, as it has 'Red Caps' fighting for the Jin (SHO p. 238; SHR pp. 178–179). The Jin actually used a force known as the 'Multicoloured Caps' as an anti- Red Cap force (Rachewiltz, Commentary pp. 912–913).
1113
Vernadsky, Mongols and Russia pp. 33–34.
1114
Martin, Rise p. 182.
1115
Martin, Rise p. 187.
1116
Martin, Rise p. 184.
1117
This was an almost exact repeat of the rout they had suffered here under the Prince of Hailing in 1161 (Ruth Mostern, 'From Battlefields to Counties: War, Border and State Power in Southern Song Huainan,' in Wyatt, Battlefields pp. 227–252 (at p. 241); Needham, Science and Civilization I p. 134; Tilman & West, China under Jurchen Rule p. 29).
1118
Martin, Rise p. 185.
1119
Martin, Rise p. 185.
1120
Lary, Chinese Migration p. 49.
1121
Henthorn, Korea p. 5.
1122
Gaubil, Gentchiscan p. 26.
1123
Martin, Rise p. 202.
1124
Martin, Rise p. 202.
1125
Martin, Rise p. 203.
1126
Parker, Thousand Years pp. 249–250.
1127
Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan pp. 114–115.
1128
For Muqali's intelligence see Buell, Dictionary pp. 199, 261; Grousset, Empire p. 206.
1129
Martin, Rise p. 211.
1130
Martin, Rise p. 211–213.
1131
Krause, Cingis Han pp. 34–35.
1132
RT I p. 246.
1133
Martin, Rise p. 214.
1134
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