Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

For Tolui's lineage see Boyle, Successors, pp. 159–162.

For Tolui's lineage see Boyle, Successors, p. 164.

JR II p. 1093; Thomas AUsen, 'The Yuan Dynasty and the Uighurs of Turfan,' loc. cit. p. 271.

For Shigi see Ratchnevsky, 'Sigi-qutuqu, ein mongolischer Gefolgsmann im 12–13 Jahrhundert,' Central Asiatic Journal 10 (1965) pp. 87–120; Rachewiltz, In the Service pp. 75–94. The foundling story is in JR II p. 1093 and in F. Aubin, 'Le statut de l'enfant dans la societe mongole,' L'Enfant 35 (1975) pp. 459–599 (at pp. 471–472) but is adequately rebutted in Rachewiltz, Commentary p. 497.

Harcourt & Evans, Said Gah-I-Shaukati; Philott, Baz-nama-yi Nasiri; Argue, George Turberville; Latham, Travels of Marco Polo p. 144.

Чудо мира, удивление мира ( лат .).

Macdonald, Falcon pp. 52–56, 90.

Macdonald, Falcon p. 59.

For an exact description and analysis of the swans Genghis's falcons might have killed see Baker, Game Birds pp. 20–27; cf also Upton, Falconry.

RT I p. 147.

Rachewiltz, Commentary p. 726.

RT I p. 148; JR II pp. 1091–1092.

JR II p. 1092.

RT I p. 149.

JR II p. 1007; Lech, Mongolische Weltreich pp. 98, 201–203; Waley, Travels of an Alchemist p. 54.

The judgement is that of Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan p. 165. For the all-girl orchestra see Vladimirtsov, Genghis p. 124.

Rachewiltz, Commentary pp. 726–727.

SHO pp. 130–131; SHR p. 79.

Оскорбление его (ее) величества ( фр .).

Rachewiltz, Commentary p. 577.

RT I pp. 148–149; d'Ohsson, Histoire I pp. 418–419.

See the opposing views in Pelliot & Hambis, Campagnes p. 375 and F. Aubin, 'Le statut de l'enfant,' loc. cit. pp. 471–475.

Pelliot, Notes critiques d'histoire Kalmouke, I pp. 61–62; Boyle, Successors p. 164; Rachewiltz, Commentary pp. 854–856, 914–915.

Quoted in Zhao, Marriage p. 37.

Quoted in Zhao, Marriage pp. 28–29.

RT I pp. 25–26.

Zhao, Marriage pp. 93–118 (Ongirrad); pp. 119–126 (Ikires); pp. 127–146 (Oyirad); pp. 163–178 (Uighurs). See also Jennifer Holmgren, 'Observations on Marriage and Inheritance Practices in Early Mongol and Yuan Society with Particular Reference to the Levirate,' Journal of Asian History 20 (1986) pp. 127–192.

May, Culture and Customs pp. 37–39, 103–115.

'A Mongol woman does many things that in other Asiatic socities would be men's work. She does them responsibly and without being told, because in the normal life the men are frequently away from home' (Lattimore, Mongol Journeys p. 186).

Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 242.

Lane, Daily Life pp. 228–229.

Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck p. 74.

For a full analysis of Borte in this period see Rachewiltz, Commentary pp. 350–357.

d'Ohsson, Histoire I p. 329.

Marsden, Travels of Marco Polo pp. 417–419.

Jennifer Holmgren, 'Observations on Marriage,' loc. cit.; Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 234–238.

RT I p. 89.

Zhao, Marriage pp. 18–19.

Skelton, Marston & Painter, Vinland Map.

Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 241–242.

Schuyler Cammann, 'Mongol Costume: Historical and Recent,' in Sinor, Aspects pp. 157–166; Dawson, Mongol Mission pp. 7–8; Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck p. 89; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches I pp. 52–53; Yule, Cathay II p. 222; Waley, Travels of an Alchemist p. 67.

Ratchnevsky, 'La condition de la femme mongole,' loc. cit p. 516.

Gibb, Ibn Battuta II p. 480; Dunn, Adventures pp. 299–300; Hamdun & King, Ibn Battuta pp. 38–39. For Christian disapproval see Lisa Balabanlilar, 'The Begims of the Mystic Feast. Turco-Mongol Tradition in the Mughal Harem,' Journal of Asian Studies 69 (2010) pp. 123–147.

Ostrowski, Muscovy and the Mongols pp. 73, 81.

JB II p. 52; Boyle, Successors pp. 159, 168, 197, 199–200; Budge, Chronography p. 412; Morris Rossabi, 'Kublai Khan and the Women in his Family,' in Bauer, Studia Sino-Mongolica pp. 153–180 (at pp. 158–166); Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 26; Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck p. 125; Pelliot, 'Le vrai nom de "Seroctan",' T'oung Pao 29 (1932) pp. 43–54.

Хулагу-хан — ильхан, правитель созданного им государства Хулагуидов, включавшего Иран, большую часть современной территории Афганистана, Туркмении, Закавказья, Ирака, восточную часть Малой Азии. — Прим. пер .

Ratchnevsky, 'La condition de la femme mongole," loc. cit. pp. 517–518, 522.

У автора — Orgina . Другое написание в русскоязычных источниках — Ургана-хатун. — Прим. пер .

Zhao, Marriage p. 29; Barthold, Turkestan pp. 487–491.

JR II p. 1144; JB I pp. 245–246; Boyle, Successors pp. 176, 242; Budge, Chronography p. 412.

See Lane, Daily Life pp. 239–254 for all details on these. Cf also Rossabi, 'Kublai Khan and the Women," loc. cit; George Qingzhi Zhao & Richard W. L. Grisso, 'Female Anxiety and Female Power: Political Intervention by Mongol Empresses during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries," Toronto Studies in Central Asia 7 (2005) pp. 17–46; Weatherford, Secret History of the Mongol Queens.

Rachewiltz, Commentary p. 491. For the 1196 campaign see Pelliot & Hambis, Campagnes pp. 199–203.

See Lewis, China's Cosmopolitan Empire.

Brook, Troubled Empire pp. 26, 65, 80, 82, 260.

'The conquest of China was not a primary goal of the Mongols but, ironically, simply a consequence of their having completely destroyed the Jurchen Chin regime which they had planned to extort' (Barfield, Perilous Frontier p. 197).

Lattimore, 'The Geography of Chingis Khan," Geographical Journal 129 (1963) pp. 1–7; S. Bira, 'The Mongolian Conception of Chinggis Khan: Historic and Mythical Hero," Mongolica 3 (1992) pp. 32–47.

Barfield, Perilous Frontier pp. 49–51, 91–94, 150–151.

Larry V Clark, 'The Theme of Revenge," in Clark & Draghi, Aspects II pp. 37–57; Lien-sheng Yang, 'Hostages in Chinese History," in Yang, Studies pp. 43–57.

SHC p. 186.

Joseph Fletcher, 'The Mongols: Ecological and Social Perspectives," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 46 (1986) pp. 11–50 (at pp. 32–33); Grenard, Genghis pp. 111–112; H. Franke, From Tribal Chieftain pp. 17–18; Sechin Jachid, 'Traditional Mongol Attitudes and Values as Seen in the Secret History of the Mongols and the Altan Tobchi,' in Jagchid, Essays pp. 51–66.

Barthold, Turkestan pp. 393–396; Vladimirtsov, Genghis pp. 76–77.

Fletcher, 'The Mongols," loc. cit. pp. 32–33; Barfield, 'Inner Asia and the Cycles of Power in China's Imperial History," in Seaman and Marks, Rulers from the Steppe pp. 21–62 (at p. 25).

J. P. Marques, 'Sur la nature du nomadisme des steppes eurasiatiques," L'Homme 108 (1988) pp. 84–98.

«Датские деньги» — в X–XII веках ежегодный налог в Англии для уплаты дани скандинавским викингам. — Прим. авт .

Denis Sinor, 'The Greed of the Northern Barbarians," in Clark & Draghi, Aspects pp. 171–182.

Gumilev, Imaginary Kingdom p. 177.

Khazanov, Nomads and the Outside World pp. 235–236; Khazanov, 'Ecological Limitations of Nomadism in the Eurasian Steppes and their Social and Cultural Implications," Asian and African Studies 24 (1990) pp. 1–15.

Fletcher, 'The Mongols," loc. cit. p. 15.

Barfield, Perilous Frontier pp. 164–186.

Using the famous bifurcation suggested by Claude Levi-Strauss, one scholar has differentiated between the 'raw' barbarians of Outer Mongolia and the 'cooked' tribes within the shadow of the Great Wall (Magnus Fiskesjo, 'On the "Raw" and "Cooked" Barbarians of Imperial China,' Inner Asia t (1999) pp. 139–168).

Paul D. Buell, 'The Role of the Sino-Mongolian Frontier Zone in the Rise of Chingis Qan,' in Schwarz, Studies on Mongolia pp. 63–76 (esp. pp. 63–68).

For the preliao history of the Khitans see Xu, Historical Development, esp. pp. 237–258; Herbert Franke, 'The Forest Peoples of Manchuria: Khitans andjurchens,' in Sinor, Cambridge History pp. 400–423; Barfield, Perilous Frontier pp. 168–173.

У автора — A-Pao-Chi , Абаоцзи, в «Британской энциклопедии» — Abaoju , на китайском языке — Тзйзу Ляо, на монгольском — Елюй. — Прим. пер .

For the emperors who succeeded A-Pao-Chi, of whom the most distinguished and long-lived was Sheng-Tsun (982–1031) see Franke & Twitchett, Cambridge History pp. 56–123; Moule, Rulers of China pp. 91–95.

For the foundation of the Tangut state see Dunnell, Great State p. 3.

Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo I pp. 216–229; Barfield, Perilous Frontier p. 174.

Tao, Two Sons passim; Di Cosmo & Wyatt, Political Frontiers pp. 192–219; Standen & Powers, Frontiers in Question.