Фрэнк Маклинн - Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир
- Название:Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир
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- Год:2019
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Exodus 12.
574
Blume, Justinian Code (2009).
575
Holtman, Napoleonic Revolution.
576
Lech, Mongolische Weltreich p. 96.
577
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 84–85.
578
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 86.
579
G. Vernadsky, 'The Scope and Content of Chingis Khan's Yasa,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (1938) pp. 337–360 (at pp. 350–351).
580
G. Vernadsky, 'The Scope and Content of Chingis Khan's Yasa,' Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (1938) p. 350; Lech, Mongolische Weltreich p. 125.
581
Silvestre de Sacy, Chrestomathie arabe II p. 161.
582
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 83–85.
583
Ayalon argues that the exemption for religious leaders was not in the original Yasa — with the implication that Genghis's meeting with Chang Chun (see Chapter 13) may have been a crucial influence (Ayalon, 'Great Yasa' (197t) p. 121).
584
Alinge, Mongolische Gesetze p. 67; Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 15.
585
Spuler, Goldene Horde p. 362; Spuler, Mongolen in Iran p. 373; Vladimirtsov, Genghis Khan p. 63.
586
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 184–185.
587
Нетяжкие преступления, не затрагивающие интересов правителя, которые не карались смертной казнью или конфискацией имущества. — Прим. ред .
588
JR II p. 1079; Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content,' loc. cit. p. 352; J. A. Boyle, 'Kirakos of Gandrak on the Mongols,' Central Asiatic Journal (1963) pp. 199–214 (at pp. 201–202).
589
Ayalon, 'Great Yasa' (1971) pp. 107, 118–119.
590
Vladimirtsov, Genghis Khan pp. 65–66.
591
Bouillane de Lacoste, Pays sacre pp. 80–81.
592
Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content' loc. cit. p. 358.
593
Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan p. 195.
594
JR II p. 953.
595
Rachewiltz, 'Some Reflections on Cinggis Qan's Jasa,' East Asian History 6 (1993) pp. 91–104.
596
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 86.
597
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 35.
598
Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 17; Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck pp. 93–94; Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora iv. p. 388; Boyle, 'Kirakos of Kanjak,' loc. cit. p. 202; Jagchid & Hyer, Mongolia's Culture pp. 95–96; Vernadsky, Mongols and Russia p. 102.
599
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 36; Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content,' loc. cit. p. 356.
600
JR II pp. 1080–1081; SHO pp. 159–160, 192, 269–270; SHR pp. 105–106,134–136, 207–208.
601
JR II p. 953; JB I p. 53; Pelliot, Recherches p. 98; Yule & Cordier, Ser Marco Polo pp. 266–268; Latham, Travels of Marco Polo p. 101.
602
Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content,' loc. cit. p. 356.
603
Уголовное законодательство Англии и Уэльса в 1688–1815 годах, содержавшее много статей о наказании смертной казнью. — Прим. авт .
604
RT II pp. 510–511.
605
Ostrowski, Muscovy and the Mongols p. 72.
606
Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content,' loc. cit. p. 342.
607
Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan p. 194.
608
Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan p. 194.
609
Pelliot, 'Les Mongols et la papaute,' Revue de I'Orient chretien 23 (1923) pp. 16, 128; E. Voegelin, 'The Mongol orders of submission to European powers, 1245–1255,' Byzantion 15 (1942) pp. 378–413 (esp. pp. 404–409).
610
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 146, 158; Vernadsky, The Mongols and Russia pp. 99–110.
611
Riasanovsky Fundamental Principles p. 149.
612
Riasanovsky Fundamental Principles. pp. 151–152; Lech, Mongolische Weltreich pp. 96–97; Sylvestre de Sacy, Chrestomatie arabe II p. 161.
613
Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 17; Vernadsky 'Scope and Content' loc. cit. pp. 352–353.
614
Из письма капитана Гулливера дяде Симпсону: Джонатан Свифт, «Путешествие Гулливера». — Прим. авт.
615
JR II pp. 1080–1081.
616
Lewis, Islam I pp. 89–96.
617
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 159.
618
Dawson, Mongol Mission pp. 14–15; Ratchnevsky, 'Die Yasa (Jasaq) Cinggis Khans und ihre Problematik,' in G. Hazai & P. Zieme, Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur pp. 471–487.
619
E. Endicott-West, 'Aspects of Khitan Liao and Mongolian Yuan Rule: A Comparative Perspective,' in Seaman & Marks, Rulers from the Steppe pp. 199–222.
620
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 173–189 (esp. pp. 182–183).
621
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 183–184.
622
D. Aigle, 'Le grand jasaq de Gengis-Khan, l'empire, la culture Mongole et la shan a,'Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 47 (2004) pp. 31–79.
623
Ayalon, 'Great Yasa,' loc. cit. (1971) p. 164.
624
Ayalon, 'Great Yasa,' loc. cit. (1971) pp. 137–138.
625
Ostrowski, Muscovy p. 71.
626
Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content,' loc. cit. p. 360; Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles pp. 278–297; Ch'en, Chinese Legal Tradition.
627
Darling, Social Justice pp. 105–125 (esp. pp. 103–105, in); Ayalon, 'Great Yasa,' loc. cit. (1973) р. 141.
628
Так проходит мирская слава ( лат .).
629
Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 88.
630
Rachewiltz, 'Muqali, Bol, Tas and An-t'ung,' Papers on Far Eastern History 15 (1977) рр. 45–62 (at p. 47); Pelliot, 'Notes sur le "Turkestan",' loc. cit. pp. 12–56 (at p. 33); Rachewiltz, Commentary p. 815.
631
RT II pp. 272–275; Vladimirtsov, Genghis p. 58; d'Ohsson, Histoire II pp. 3–5.
632
Barthold, Turkestan pp. 383–385; Vladimirtsov, Genghis pp. 67–68.
633
Pelliot, Notes sur Marco Polo II pp. 858–859; Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan, p. 224.
634
Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 33; Barthold, Turkestan pp. 383–385.
635
Buell, Dictionary pp. 261–262.
636
Hartog, Genghis Khan p. 45; Lane, Daily Life pp. 97–98.
637
Michael Edwards & James C. Stanfield, 'Lord of the Mongols: Genghis Khan,' National Geographic 190 (December 1996) pp. 14–23.
638
JB I p. 32.
639
JB I p. 30; Jagchid & Hyer, Mongolia's Culture pp. 370–372.
640
JB I p. 33; Benedetto, Marco Polo pp. 114–116; Beazley, John de Piano Carpini p. 121.
641
JB I p. 40; Vernadsky, 'Scope and Content / loc. cit. p. 351; Riasanovsky Fundamental Principles p. 164.
642
JB I pp. 27–28; Dawson, Mongol Mission pp. 100–101.
643
JB I pp. 28–29.
644
Yule, Cathay II pp. 234–240.
645
Jagchid & Hyer, Mongolia's Culture pp. 27–37.
646
Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck p. 85.
647
N. T. Munkuyer, A Mongolian Hunting Practice of the Thirteenth Century/ in Heissig et al, Tractata Altaica pp. 417–435 (esp. pp. 421–423).
648
Risch, Johann de Piano Carpini pp. 161–169.
649
H. D. Martin, 'The Mongol Army/ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 75 (1943) pp. 46–85 (at p. 70); Robinson, Oriental Armour p. 138.
650
Hildinger, Story of the Mongols p. 72.
651
Barthold, Turkestan p. 421; Denis Sinor, 'The Inner Asian Warrior/ Journal of the American Oriental Society 101 (1981) pp. 133–144 (at p. 137).
652
Martin, Rise of Chinggis Khan p. 19; Swietoslawski, Arms and Armour.
653
E. G. Pulleybank, 'Why Tockosian?' Journal of Indo-European Studies 23 (1995) pp. 415–430; Edward McEwan, Robert L. Miller & A. Bergman, 'Early Bow Designs and Construction,' Scientific American 264 (June 1991) pp. 50–56; Jagchid & Hyer, Mongolia's Culture p. 367.
654
Rachewiltz, Commentary pp. 714–715; Нок-Lam Chan, 'Siting by Bowshot: A Mongolian Custom and its Sociopolitical and Cultural Implications / Asia Major, 3rd series 4 (1991) pp. 53–78.
655
Buell, Dictionary pp. 112–114; Turnbull & McBride, The Mongols pp. 13–22; Gabriel & Boose, Great Battles of Antiquity pp. 539–541.
656
Parker, Tartars p. 258.
657
For this subject in general see Mayor, Greek Fire. For a study of poisoned arrows in a specific area (the American West) see Jones, Poison Arrows.
658
Marsden, Marco Polo, p. 214; Vernadsky, Mongols and Russia pp. 126–128; Hyland, Medieval Warhorse p. 131; S. Jagchid & C. R. Bawden, 'Some Notes on the Horse Policy of the Yuan Dynasty/ Central Asiatic Journal 10 (1965) pp. 246–265.
659
Lane, Genghis Khan p. 31. Mounted archery was made obsolete in great warfare by the invention of firearms but still survived in 'little wars' like those of the American West. The Comanches were particularly skilled exponents (Fehrenbach, Comanches pp. 124–125).
660
Denis Sinor, 'On Mongol Strategy,' Proceedings of the Fourth East Asian Altaistic Conference (Taipei 1971) pp. 238–249.
661
T. Allsen, 'Mongolian Princes and Their Merchant Partners, 1200–1260,' Asia Major 2 (1989) pp. 83–126.
662
Dvornik, Intelligence Services p. 274.
663
JB I p. 373; Dawson, Mongol Mission p. 36; May, Art of War pp. 69–70.
664
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